Svabit

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Svabit
Svabite, Caryopilite-762212.jpg
Svabit (gray, spherical aggregates) with karyopilit (brownish tinge) from the type locality Grube Harstigen , Persberg (Pajsberg), Sweden
General and classification
other names
  • Arsenapatite
  • Swabit
chemical formula
  • Ca 5 [F | (AsO 4 ) 3 ]
  • Ca 5 (AsO 4 ) 3 F
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		Phosphates, arsenates and vanadates
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		8.BN.05 ( 8th edition : VII / B.16b)
08/41/03/01
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system triclinic
Crystal class ; symbol triclinic pinacoidal; 1
Room group (no.) P 1 (No. 2) (No. triclinic) Template: room group / 2
Lattice parameters a  = 9.6841  Å ; b  = 9.6906 Å; c  = 6.9815 Å,
α  = 90.623 °; β  = 88.869 °; γ  = 120.371 °
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 4 to 5
Density (g / cm 3 ) measured: 3.5 to 3.8; calculated: 3.67
Cleavage indistinct after {10 1 0}
Break ; Tenacity uneven; brittle
colour colorless, yellowish-white, gray to gray-green
Line color White
transparency transparent to translucent
shine Glass gloss, weak resin gloss
Crystal optics
Refractive indices n ω  = 1.706
n ε  = 1.698
Birefringence δ = 0.008
Optical character uniaxial negative
Other properties
Special features Fluorescence , cathodoluminescence

Svabit is a rarely occurring minerals from the mineral class of "phosphates, arsenates, and vanadates" with the chemical composition Ca 5 [F | (AsO 4 ) 3 ] and chemical point of view, a calcium - arsenate with additional fluoride ion .

Svabit crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system and develops sturdy, hexagonal-prismatic crystals up to five millimeters in size, which are typically modified by several bipyramids. In its pure form, Svabit is colorless and transparent and shows a weak resin-like to glass-like sheen on visible crystal surfaces . However , it can also take on a yellowish-white or gray to gray-green color through foreign admixtures.

Etymology and history

Namesake Anton von Swab

Was first discovered Svabit in the iron-manganese pit Harstigen near the former pit community Persberg in the Swedish Lan Värmland . The first description was in 1891 by Hjalmar Sjögren (1856–1922), initially in Swedish and the following year in English. Sjögren named the mineral after the Swedish miner, mountain ridge and mineralogist Anton von Swab (in the Swedish original Anton Svab ).

The type material of the mineral is at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA) under the catalog no. 113494 kept.

classification

Already in the outdated, but partly still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the svabit belonged to the mineral class of "phosphates, arsenates and vanadates" and there to the department "anhydrous phosphates, arsenates and vanadates with foreign anions " (large cations and others) , where he was the only member of the unnamed group VII / B.16b .

In the last revised and updated Lapis mineral directory by Stefan Weiß in 2018 , which, out of consideration for private collectors and institutional collections, is still based on this classic system of Karl Hugo Strunz , the mineral was given the system and mineral number. VII / B.39-60 . In the “Lapis system” this corresponds to the section “Anhydrous phosphates, with foreign anions F, Cl, O, OH”, where Svabit together with Alforsit , Belovit- (Ce) , Belovit- (La) , carbonate-hydroxylapatite , carbonate -Fluorapatit , Carlgieseckeit- (Nd) , chloroapatite , Deloneit- (Ce) , fluorapatite , Fluorcaphit , Fluorphosphohedyphan , Fluorstrophit , Hedyphan , hydroxyapatite , Hydroxylpyromorphit , Johnbaumit , Kuannersuit- (Ce) , Mimetesit , Mimetesit-M ( Klinomimetesit discredited 2010 as the polymorphic variant of Mimetesit) Miyahisait , Morelandit , Phosphohedyphane , Pieczkait , Pyromorphit , Stronadelphit , Turneaureit , Vanackerit and Vanadinit "apatite group" with the system number. VII / B.39 forms.

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been in effect since 2001 and was updated by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) until 2009, also assigns the svabit to the category of “phosphates, etc. with additional anions; without H 2 O “. However, this is further subdivided according to the relative size of the cations involved and the molar ratio of the additional anions (OH, etc.) to the phosphate, arsenate or vanadate complex (RO 4 ), so that the mineral is classified in the sub-section “With large cations only; (OH etc.): RO 4  = 0.33: 1 "can be found where it is found together with Alforsit, Belovit- (Ce), Belovit- (La), carbonate-fluorapatite, carbonate-hydroxylapatite, chlorapatite, Deloneit- ( Ce), fluorophosphohedyphane, fluorophosphite, fermorite , fluorapatite, fluorocaphite, hedyphane, hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite-M , hydroxylpyromorphite, johnbaumite, kuannersuit- (Ce), mimetesite, mimetesite morphite, morelandine, also phosphohedyphan, stroniteuromorphite "Apatite group" with the system no. 8.BN.05 forms.

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns the svabit to the class of "phosphates, arsenates and vanadates" and there in the section "anhydrous phosphates etc., with hydroxyl or halogen". Here it can only be found together with Turneaureit, Johnbaumite and Fermorite in the unnamed group 08/41/03 within the sub-section “Anhydrous phosphates etc., with hydroxyl or halogen with (A) 5 (XO 4 ) 3 Z q ”.

Crystal structure

Svabit crystallizes isotypically with apatite in the triclinic crystal system in the space group P 1 (space group no. 2) with the lattice parameters a  = 9.6841  Å ; b  = 9.6906 Å; c  = 6.9815 Å; α = 90.623 °; β = 88.869 ° and γ = 120.371 ° as well as formula units per unit cell . Template: room group / 2

properties

Svabit shows reddish-orange fluorescence under long-wave UV light and yellow fluorescence under short-wave UV light , similar to that of neon-colored highlighters . Under the influence of electron beams , Svabit also shows a light pink cathodoluminescence . Furthermore, the mineral shows what is known as cathodoluminescence when irradiated with electrons.

Education and Locations

Svabit is formed as an accessory component in calcium-rich silicates that have been converted through contact metamorphosis , such as skarns . As Begleitminerale occur depending on the location manganese among others, barite , Bergslagit , brandtite , calcite , diopside , various grenade , hematite , Hausmannite , Manganberzeliit , Sarkinit , Tilasit on.

As a rare mineral formation, Svabit could only be proven in a few places, whereby around 20 sites have been documented worldwide. Besides its type locality , the iron-manganese mine Harstigen at Persberg , the mineral in Sweden still found in other places in the municipality of Filipstad like among others in the famous mining area in Långban and Erzfeld Jakobsberg at Nordmark . Svabit also worked in the ore mine Norra near Garpenberg ( Hedemora municipality , Dalarna Iän); near Rakten, Stuor-Njåske (Stuor-Njuoskes), Tjaktjajaure and Tjålme near Ultevis in the municipality of Jokkmokk , which belongs to the province of Norrbotten County ; near Kesebol in the ore field Strandhem (province Västra Götalands län) and in the manganese-iron mine Mangruvan in the municipality Lindesberg belonging to the province Örebro län .

The only known site in Germany so far is the Clara mine near Oberwolfach in Baden-Württemberg.

Other well-known sites are the Montaldo Mine (Montaldo di Mondovì Mine) near Borgata Oberti in the municipality of Montaldo di Mondovì (Province of Cuneo, Piedmont), the "Tennvatn pegmatites " near Sørfold and the granite pegmatites near Hellemobotn on the Tysfjord in Norway, a diamond leading lamproite - vent on the upper reaches of the river Koshmansay near Angren (Chatkal-Kuraminskii area) in the Uzbek Tashkent Province and the famous Franklin mine near the same place Franklin in Sussex County of the US state of New jersey.

See also

literature

  • H. Sjögren: Svabit, ett mineral af apatitgruppen från Harstigsgrufvan . In: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar . tape 13 , 1891, p. 789–796 (Swedish, rruff.info [PDF; 1.8 MB ; accessed on October 19, 2018]).
  • H. Sjogren: Contributions to Swedish mineralogy Part I: 7. Svabite a new member of the apatite group . In: Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala . tape 1 , 1892, p. 50–56 ( rruff.info [PDF; 290 kB ; accessed on October 19, 2018]).
  • SV Malinko, GS Rumyantsev, GA Sidorenko: Svabite from contact-metasomatic deposits of siberia and the urals . In: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR . tape 166 , 1966, pp. 134-137 (English, rruff.info [PDF]).
  • T. Baikie, PHJ Mercier, MM Elcombe, JY Kim, Y. Le Page, LD Mitchell, TJ White, PS Whitfield: Triclinic apatites . In: Acta Crystallographica . B63, 2007, p. 251-256 , doi : 10.1107 / S0108768106053316 (English).

Web links

Commons : Svabite  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Klockmann : Klockmanns textbook of mineralogy . Ed .: Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz . 16th edition. Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp.  637–638 (first edition: 1891).
  2. ^ Mineral Atlas: Svabit
  3. ↑ a b c d Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  466 (English).
  4. ↑ Malcolm Back, William D. Birch, Michel Blondieau and others: The New IMA List of Minerals - A Work in Progress - Updated: March 2019. (PDF 1703 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, Marco Pasero, March 2019, accessed May 12, 2019 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Svabite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 (English, handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 196  kB ; accessed on May 12, 2019]).
  6. ↑ a b c Richard V. Gaines, H. Catherine W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason , Abraham Rosenzweig: Dana's New Mineralogy . 8th edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York a. a. 1997, ISBN 0-471-19310-0 , pp. 864 .
  7. ↑ a b c d Svabite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed May 12, 2019 .
  8. ↑ a b Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .
  9. ^ H. Sjögren: Svabit, ett mineral af apatitgruppen från Harstigsgrufvan . In: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar . tape 13 , 1891, p. 789–796 (Swedish, rruff.info [PDF; 1.8 MB ; accessed on October 12, 2018]).
  10. ↑ Ernest H. Nickel, Monte C. Nichols: IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals 2009. (PDF 1703 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, January 2009, accessed May 12, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Hans Jürgen Rösler : Textbook of Mineralogy . 4th revised and expanded edition. German publishing house for basic industry (VEB), Leipzig 1987, ISBN 3-342-00288-3 , p.  626 .
  12. ↑ Localities for Svabite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed May 12, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Find location list for Svabit in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat