Chusovaya
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Chusovaya Chusovaya |
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 Early color photo (1912) of the Maximov rock on the Tschussowaja by Sergei Prokudin-Gorski |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 10010100512111100010035 | |
| location | Chelyabinsk Oblast , Sverdlovsk Oblast , Perm ( Russia ) | |
| River system | Volga | |
| Drain over | Kama → Volga → Caspian Sea | |
| source |
Ural Mountains 56 ° 7 ′ 18 ″ N , 60 ° 20 ′ 20 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 400 m | |
| muzzle |
Kamastausee Coordinates: 58 ° 9 ′ 31 ″ N , 56 ° 22 ′ 3 ″ E 58 ° 9 ′ 31 ″ N , 56 ° 22 ′ 3 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | 108 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 292 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.49 ‰ | |
| length | 592 km | |
| Catchment area | 23,000 km² | |
| Drain |
MQ |
222 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Rewda , Lyswa , Sylwa | |
| Right tributaries | Meschewaja Utka , Serebrjanka , Koiwa , etc. | |
| Reservoirs flowed through | Wechnekomarowo Reservoir , Volchicha Reservoir , Kamastausee | |
| Big cities | Pervouralsk | |
| Medium-sized cities | Polewskoi , Revda , Tschussowoi | |
| Ports | Chusovoi | |
| Navigable | Lower reaches from Chusovoy | |
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 Location of the Tschussowaja (Чусовая) in the catchment area of the Kama |
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The Tschussowaja ( Russian Чусовая ) is a 592 km long left tributary of the Kama in the Urals and its western foreland ( Russia ).
The name of the river is derived from the Komi- Permjak words Tschus for "fast" and wa for "water"; the original name Tschuswa was later Russified.
course
The Tschussowaja flows at about 400 m altitude in the Middle Urals from the Little Tschussowskojesee (Russian Maloje Tschussowskoje osero ), around ten kilometers northeast of the city of Verkhny Ufalei in the Chelyabinsk Oblast . After a few kilometers, the river flows through the Great Chusovskoye Lake (Russian: Bolschoje Tschussowskoje osero ) and further through the Middle Urals in north to north-west directions, first through the Sverdlovsk Oblast , then the Perm region .
Above Rewda , west of the oblast capital Yekaterinburg, is the river to the Vechnekomarowo reservoir ( Вехнекомаровское водохранилище / Verkhnekomarowskoje vodochranilishche), and to the Volkhokhicha reservoir ( волкочирона 37 km. From the latter, a six-kilometer-long canal was dug to the river Reshotka ( Решётка ), which flows into the Upper Isset Pond , to increase the water supply and improve the water supply in Yekaterinburg . This non-navigable canal thus crosses the continental divide between the Caspian Sea and the Arctic Ocean , i.e. the border between Europe and Asia . The reservoir is also a recreational area for the residents of Yekaterinburg and the surrounding cities and is therefore also called the Sverdlovsk or Yekaterinburg Sea .
In the middle reaches from Pervouralsk the valley narrows, the banks become steep and rocky. Above chusovoy turns the Chusovaya to the west, near the town of the valley widens and the river eventually flows just north of Perm and the dam of Kamastausees in the Kama . About 90 kilometers of the lower reaches of the Tschussowaja are dammed by the Kamastausee (water level at 108 m ). Above the reservoir, the river is about 200 meters wide, two meters deep and its flow speed is 0.5 m / s. In the reservoir itself, its width is over two kilometers in places.
Hydrography
The catchment area of the Chusovaya covers 23,000 km². The mean monthly water flow above the confluence with the Kama reservoir is 222 m³ / s (minimum in winter 8.4 m³ / s, maximum during the snowmelt 4570 m³ / s). The most important tributaries are Meschewaja Utka , Koiwa and Uswa from the right and Rewda , Lyswa and Sylwa from the left .
The Tschussowaja freezes between late October / early December to April / early May.
Infrastructure
In Rewda and Perwouralsk the Chusovaya is of the railway Kazan -Jekaterinburg and the Trans-Siberian crosses, in chusovoy from the previous Ural mine railway perm Kushva ( Goroblagodatskaja ) -Jekaterinburg.
Immediately above the estuary, the dammed Chusovaya is crossed by the Perm- Kisel railway line with a combination of a dam and a bridge over 500 meters long and the Perm- Solikamsk road with a bridge over 1.5 kilometers long.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Article Tschussowaja in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b Tschussowaja in the State Water Directory of the Russian Federation (Russian)