Viktor Pöschl (philologist)

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Viktor Pöschl (born January 28, 1910 in Graz ; † February 1, 1997 in Heidelberg ) was an Austrian-German classical philologist .

Viktor Pöschl, son of the chemist and commodity scientist of the same name , who was the rector of the Mannheim Commercial College , attended the Karl-Friedrich-Gymnasium in Mannheim . From 1928 he studied classical philology and Romance languages ​​in Heidelberg, Grenoble, Cambridge, Munich and Berlin and received his doctorate in 1933 at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg under Otto Regenbogen with a thesis on Cicero . He then completed his legal clerkship and the time as an assessor at the Karl-Friedrich-Gymnasium in Mannheim. After completing his habilitation in Heidelberg in 1939 with a thesis on Sallust , he became a private lecturer in Munich in 1940, later at the Charles University in Prague and in 1948 in Graz. During the war he served in the Reich Ministry of Aviation .

After another habilitation in Graz in 1948, Pöschl received a call to Heidelberg in 1950, where he taught and researched as a full professor until 1976. Ernst A. Schmidt was one of his academic students .

Pöschl's main interest was Virgil , whom he rediscovered as a poet of his own rank by emphasizing the depth of the symbolism and independence from the Homer model . The romantic tradition of one-sided appreciation of the original genius and the resulting preference for Greek over Roman culture since the 19th century, especially in Germany, led to a devaluation of Virgil as a mere Homer epigone. With this reassessment of Virgil, which also received strong international attention, especially in the USA, he not only brought about a change in Virgil's assessment, but also stimulated Virgil research in the second half of the 20th century. Other works were Cicero, Sallust and Horace and Tacitus and in this context especially the Roman concepts of value. Caesar, who Pöschl considered an ideal embodiment of the Roman character and valued equally as a writer and statesman, was at the center of his interests.

Member since 1954, from 1974 to 1978 he was President of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences . Since 1962 a member of the Union Académique Internationale , he was its president from 1983 to 1986. From 1976 he was a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , since 1985 of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres . From 1976 to 1978 he was chairman of the Union of German Academies of Sciences .

Fonts

  • Roman state and Greek state thinking in Cicero. Investigations into Cicero's writing De re publica (= New German Research. Vol. 104, ZDB -ID 401398-0 = New German Research. Department of Classical Philology. Vol. 5, ZDB -ID 401430-3 ). Junker & Dünnhaupt, Berlin 1936 (several unchanged reprints; at the same time: Heidelberg, University, dissertation, 1933).
  • Basic values ​​of the Roman state ethos in the historical works of Sallust. de Gruyter, Berlin 1940, (Unchanged reprint. ibid. 1967; also: Heidelberg, Universität, habilitation paper, 1939).
  • The poetry of Virgil. Image and symbol in the Aeneid. Rohrer, Wiesbaden 1950, (3rd, revised and expanded edition. De Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1977, ISBN 3-11-006885-0 ).
  • Horace and politics (= meeting reports of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences. Philosophical-Historical Class. Born 1956, Abh. 4, ISSN  0933-6613 ). Winter, Heidelberg 1956, (2nd, improved edition, ibid 1963).
  • Virgil's shepherd poem. Winter, Heidelberg 1964.
  • Horatian poetry. Interpretations Winter, Heidelberg 1970, (2nd, extended edition. (= Library of Classical Classical Studies . 2nd Series, NF Vol. 85). Ibid 1991, ISBN 3-533-04461-0 ).
  • with Albert Klinz: Zeitkritik in Tacitus (= Heidelberg texts. H. 6). Kerle, Heidelberg 1972.
  • The new Menander Papyri and the originality of Plautus (= meeting reports of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences. Philosophical-Historical Class. Born 1973, Abh. 4). Winter, Heidelberg 1973, ISBN 3-533-02293-5 .
  • The problem of the Adelphs of Terence (= meeting reports of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences. Philosophical-Historical Class. Born 1975, Abh. 4). Winter, Heidelberg 1975, ISBN 3-533-02426-1 .
  • Small fonts. Published by Wolf-Lüder Liebermann. 3 volumes. Winter, Heidelberg
    • Volume 1: Art and Reality Experience in Poetry. Treatises and essays on Roman poetry (= Library of Classical Classical Studies. 2nd Series, NF Vol. 66). 1979, ISBN 3-533-02868-2 ;
    • Volume 2: Literature and Historical Reality. Treatises and essays on Roman prose and classical philology (= Library of Classical Classical Studies. 2nd Series, NF Vol. 74). 1983, ISBN 3-533-03457-7 ;
    • Volume 3: Living Past. Treatises and essays on Roman literature and its continued work (= Library of Classical Classical Studies. 2nd Series, NF Vol. 92). 1995, ISBN 3-8253-0281-4 .

Sound carrier

  • Roman poetry. Spoken in Latin by Viktor Pöschl. With bilingual text and introduction. Artemis Verlag, Zurich et al. 1959, (record, 33 / min, 30 cm); contains: P. Vergilius Maro: Aeneid. From the 6th book: The Sibyl. The encounter with Dido. Aeneas and Anchises. Q. Horatius Flaccus: Sermonum I, 9. The talker satire . P. Ovidius Naso: Metamorphoses. Apollo and Daphne. Pygmalion .

literature

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personal data
SURNAME Pöschl, Viktor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian-German classical philologist
DATE OF BIRTH January 28, 1910
PLACE OF BIRTH Graz
DATE OF DEATH February 1, 1997
Place of death Heidelberg