Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade
| Município de Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade |
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 Ruins of the Igreja Matriz in the center of Vila Bela
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| Coordinates | 15 ° 0 ′ S , 59 ° 57 ′ W | ||
 Location of Vila Bela in the state of Mato Grosso
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| founding | March 19, 1752 | ||
| Basic data | |||
| Country | Brazil | ||
| State | Mato Grosso | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | BR-MT | ||
| Região intermediária | Cáceres (from 2017) | ||
| Região imediata | Pontes e Lacerda-Comodoro (from 2017) | ||
| height | 198 m | ||
| Waters | Rio Guaporé | ||
| climate | tropical, Aw | ||
| surface | 13,420.4 km² | ||
| Residents | 14,493 (2010) | ||
| density | 1.1 Ew. / km² | ||
| estimate | 15,983 (July 1, 2018) | ||
| Parish code | IBGE : 5105507 | ||
| Time zone | UTC −4 | ||
| Website | www.vilabeladasantissimatrindade.mt.gov.br (Brazilian Portuguese) | ||
| politics | |||
| City Prefect | Wagner Vicente da Silveira (2017-2020) | ||
| Political party | Green Party (PV) | ||
| Culture | |||
| City festival | March 19 (founding day) | ||
| economy | |||
| GDP | 384,835 thousand R $ 25,195 R $ per capita (2015) |
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| HDI | 0.645 (2010) | ||
Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade , officially Município de Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade , is a city located on the upper reaches of the Rio Guaporé with an estimated 15,983 inhabitants as of July 1, 2018 in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso . It was the first capital of Mato Grosso from 1752 to 1820. The municipal area of around 13,631 km² forms a border with Bolivia in the west , the population density is 1.1 people per km².
The city is strongly influenced by Africa, as the majority of its inhabitants are descendants of African slaves who were brought here to work in the gold mines in the 18th and 19th centuries. This is also evident in the annual Festa do Congo (Festança Vila Bela), the highlight of which is the Dança do Congo and the Chorado , which are performed against the backdrop of the ruins of the Igreja Matriz . In addition to the festival and the church ruins, the tourist attractions include excursions into the jungle along the Rio Guaporé and to the nearby Parque Estadual da Serra de Ricardo Franco , where the Cascata dos Namorados (German: Valentine's cascade ) is located. There is also a city history museum. There is a seven-hour bus connection to Cuiabá , the buses of which run daily.
history
In the first half of the 18th century, gold discoveries in what is now Mato Grosso meant that the Portuguese, especially Bandeirantes , increasingly penetrated this previously largely unexplored region on the border with the Spanish colonial empire. In 1737 the Rio Guaporé was discovered and 1742–1743 explorers drove from the upper reaches of the Rio Guaporé over the Río Mamoré and Rio Madeira to the Amazon in Pará . The connection to the Atlantic coast via the river system of the Amazon quickly formed an important traffic and trade route, so the journey from Vila Bela to Belém could be made in less than two months, while the land route from São Paulo to Vila Bela took five to seven months needed. In order to secure the border area from Spain, Portugal established the Mato Grosso captaincy in 1748 and founded Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade as its capital in 1752 . In addition, garrisons were built along the Rio Guaporé and a fortress was built in Principe da Beira in 1776–1783 . The course of the border was contractually regulated in the Treaty of Madrid (1750) , through which the Rio Guaporé below Vila Bela became a border river. The Portuguese initially forced local Indians to work in agriculture and in the gold mines on the upper reaches of the Rio Guaporé, but since the Indians often died quickly under the conditions of forced labor or simply evaded it by retreating into the jungle, African slaves soon followed suit Vila Bela brought in to replace the Indians as labor.
In 1771 the Igreja Matriz (a special type of Portuguese church) , which today only survives as a ruin, was built and in 1782 Vila Bela had around 7,000 inhabitants. The population rose to around 13,600 in the 1820s and was characterized by a high proportion of African slaves (approx. 2000 whites, 4300 Indians, 7300 blacks). The natural scientist Johann Natterer visited the city at this time when he drove down the Rio Guaporé during his research trip through Mato Grosso. In the course of the 19th century, the decline of Vila Bela began, as a result of which its population also decreased significantly.
In 1820 Vila Bela lost its capital status to Cuiabá . In addition, Vila Bela and other branches on the upper reaches of the Rio Guaporé saw themselves increasingly exposed to attacks by the Cabixi , a subgroup of the Paresi Indians, over long stretches of the 19th century . Finally, at the beginning of the 20th century, the population was less than 1,000 people, almost all of whom were former slaves or their descendants. In 1908 the explorer and ethnologist Percy Fawcett visited Vila Bela as part of his expedition to the Rio Verde, a tributary of the Rio Guaporé.
Web links
- City Prefecture website , Prefeitura Municipal (Brazilian Portuguese)
- City Council website , Câmara Municipal (Brazilian Portuguese)
- Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade on the Mato Grosso portal (Brazilian Portuguese) - mixed information
Individual evidence
- ↑ Clima: Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade: Climograma, Temperatura e Tabela climática Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade. In: climate-data.org. pt.climate-data.org, accessed March 27, 2018 .
- ↑ IBGE : Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade - Panorama . v4.3.8.18.9. Retrieved October 6, 2018 (Brazilian Portuguese).
- ↑ a b IBGE : Estimativas da população residente no Brasil e unidades da federação com data de referência em 1 ° de julho de 2018. (PDF; 2.6 MB) In: ibge.gov.br. 2018, accessed October 6, 2018 (Brazilian Portuguese).
- ^ Wagner 43 (Prefeito). In: com.br. Eleições 2016, accessed October 6, 2018 (Brazilian Portuguese).
- ↑ a b c Mato Grosso: The Lost World on the Independent website of September 9, 2001 (accessed October 13, 2010)
- ↑ Festança reúne religiosidade e cultura em Vila Bela. In: globo.com. www.cultura.mt.gov.br, March 19, 2017, accessed March 27, 2018 (Brazilian Portuguese).
- ^ A b Edward Julius Goodman: The Explorers of South America . University of Oklahoma Press 1992, ISBN 978-0-8061-2420-9 , pp. 113–114 ( excerpt in Google book search)
- ^ A b David Price: Pareci, Cabixi, Nambiquara. A case study in the western classification of native peoples . In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes . Volume 69, 1983, pp. 129-148, doi : 10.3406 / jsa.1983.2228 ( online copy )
- ^ Bernhard von Graeve: The Pacaa Nova: clash of cultures on the Brazilian frontier . University of Toronto press 1989, ISBN 0-921149-36-0 , S, 17-19 ( excerpt in Google book search)
- ↑ Leslie Bethell: Colonial Brazil . Cambridge University Press 1987, ISBN 0-521-34925-7 , pp. 250, 288 ( excerpt in Google book search)
- ^ David Brewster, Richard R. Yeo: The Edinburgh encyclopaedia, Volume 8 . 1830, new edition Routledge 1999, ISBN 0-415-18026-0 , p. 429, ( excerpt in the Google book search)
