Bertinistrasse
| Bertinistrasse | |
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| Bertinistrasse with Villa Louis Hagen | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Potsdam |
| District | Nauen suburb |
| Newly designed | 2012 |
| Hist. Names | Way to Bertini |
| Connecting roads | Am Neuen Garten, Große Weinmeisterstraße (south), Bertiniweg (north) |
| Buildings | Villa Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Villa Starck, Villa Louis Hagen, Villa Gutmann, Villa Jacobs |
The Bertinistraße leads north of Nauener suburb in Potsdam from the confluence Large Weinmeisterstraße / At the New Garden along the Jungfernsee to Bertiniweg . Between 1830 and 1930, stately country mansions with park-like gardens for industrialists and bankers were built. Several residents were persecuted as Jews by the National Socialists after 1933 and had to leave their homes. From 1961 to 1990 Bertinistraße was in the hinterland of the border with West Berlin .
topography
Located in the immediate vicinity of the New Garden and the Belvedere on the Pfingstberg , the villas and gardens on Bertinistraße are part of the ensemble of palaces and parks in Potsdam and Berlin . Together with the neighboring parks, the bank at Jungfernsee determines the scenic view of the water in this part of the Prussian Arcadia . There are visual connections to Sacrow and to the Glienicker Schlosspark . The garden of Villa Jacobs was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999.
The landscaping goes back to King Friedrich Wilhelm IV . Architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel , his pupil and the landscape architect Peter Joseph Lenné were asked by the king to attach particular importance to Bertinistraße as a panoramic street. The most suitable points of the Havel landscape were highlighted by architectural accents such as the dairy farm in the New Garden and the Villa Jakobs.
history
The development of the area began in the middle of the 18th century with the construction of colonist houses. Before that, there was an old potter's hat on the shores of the Jungfernsee. The first verifiable mention of a development can be found in 1779 for the property at Bertinistraße 16.
Bertinistraße got its name when there was a popular coffee house with an inn and vineyard at the northern end, which was run by Giovanni Alberto Bertini (1754-1818) from Lucca . The riverside path that led the Potsdamers there was called the way to Bertini .
From 1870 on, Bertinistraße became a preferred residential area for the better-offs because of its proximity to the royal gardens. After the turn of the century and during the Weimar Republic , prominent bankers such as the director of Dresdner Bank , Herbert M. Gutmann , had representative country houses built. Bertinistraße was nicknamed Bankiersstraße .
In the Third Reich , the Jewish residents were expropriated and driven out. Their homes were seized by Nazi organizations.
In the GDR they were used as homes for the elderly and children and were declared public property. In the land of the Villa Jacobs and Villa Gutmann came dachas colonies.
After the Wall was built in 1961 , the bank of the Jungfernsee was in the border area. A large border crossing point for shipping between the GDR and West Berlin was set up on Bertinistraße .
After the fall of the Wall in 1989, most of the houses were in ruins. Villa Gutmann has been renovated for several years by its new owner, actress Nadja Uhl . The Villa Jacobs was rebuilt.
buildings
Villa Mendelssohn Bartholdy
The Villa Mendelssohn Bartholdy (Bertinistraße 1–5), also called Casa Bartholdy , belonged to the banker Otto von Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1868–1949).
The grandson of the composer Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy was a partner in the Berlin bank Robert Warschauer & Co. , a member of the supervisory board of Agfa and IG Farben, and one of the richest men in Prussia. In 1907 he was raised to the nobility by Kaiser Wilhelm .
In search of a summer residence, he bought more than 60,000 m² of a former vineyard on Bertinistraße in 1900 . He had the previous owner's house rebuilt by the architect Paul Schultze-Naumburg , who a few years later directed the construction of the nearby Cecilienhof Palace .
In the Third Reich, Otto von Mendelssohn Bartholdy was classified as a "Jew" and expropriated. His villa was rented to the Reich Commissioner for Shipping , von Mendelssohn Bartholdy had to move into the gardener's house. In autumn 1943 he was arrested by the Gestapo and only narrowly escaped deportation to Theresienstadt .
At the end of June 1945, the Soviet occupying forces confiscated Mendelssohn Bartholdy's apartment for the upcoming Potsdam Conference in Cecilienhof Palace . In the GDR, a consumption was set up in the stable building next to the country house . During the GDR era, the residential building served as a boarding school for students at the Karl Liebknecht University of Education in Potsdam.
The Casa Bartholdy was transferred back only in the 1990s by Mendelssohn Bartholdy's heirs. The villa and gardens are under monument protection.
Villa Starck
Next to the Villa Mendelssohn Bartholdy is the Villa Starck (Bertinistraße 6-9).
The industrialist Hermann C. Starck (1891–1974) was a pupil of Walther Rathenau and founded the HC Starck company in 1920 , which traded in chemicals, ores and rare metals, especially tungsten , which was needed for armaments production. At the age of 30 Starck was already a millionaire.
In 1921/22 he had a house on Bertinistraße converted into a stately villa with a vestibule, staff and representative rooms. The more than three hectare undeveloped area of the main property and a lake garden ensured an unobstructed view over the water to Berlin.
During the Second World War , the Starck company was part of the Nazi armaments industry and employed numerous forced laborers . In June 1945 the Soviet occupying forces arrested Hermann C. Starck in Bertinistraße and interned him as a war criminal, first in the Fünfeichen camp and then in the former Buchenwald concentration camp . In the notorious Waldheim trials , he was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment in Bautzen in 1950 for supporting Nazism . His property was confiscated. In early 1951 he was pardoned. Shortly afterwards, Starck moved to the Federal Republic of Germany.
The Villa Starck was used by a border dog squadron in the GDR. 2006–2008 it was restored. The villa and gardens are under monument protection.
Villa Louis Hagen
Villa Louis Hagen (Bertinistraße 23) is located directly on the banks of the Jungfernsee. Louis Hagen, born in 1888, was a partner in the Berlin banking business Wiener, Levy & Co , a member of the BMW supervisory board and a major shareholder of the Kiepenheuer publishing house .
Initially at Bertinistraße 23 there was the Villa Du Bois-Reymond called Udröst , a Norwegian summer house owned by the Berlin engineer and patent attorney Alard du Bois-Reymond (1860-1922), son of the physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond (1811-1896), built between 1897 and 1911 according to plans by the architect Hagbarth Schytte-Berg . In 1927/28 the building was completely rebuilt and expanded in the Bauhaus style by the architects Otto Block and H. Ebert, Berlin .
It was given roof terraces, a gym with a flat roof made of glass blocks, a boxing ring and a boat shed. Visits to the nearby villa colony of Babelsberg were made by boat . From 1923 to 1926, the first long animated film in film history, The Adventures of Prince Achmed , was produced on the grounds of the villa . Louis Hagen, who had the idea for the film, set up a studio for the animation pioneer Lotte Reiniger and let her "experiment to their hearts' content" in it.
In 1940 Louis Hagen emigrated to the USA. After the war the villa was used as a youth rest home by the Evangelical Church. In 1969 VEB Informationsverarbeitung moved into the villa for the district-managed industry of the Potsdam district and set up a data center there.
After the fall of the Wall , the building fell into disrepair and changed hands several times. Due to the poor structural condition, the city of Potsdam issued a demolition permit in 2009. A planned new building has not yet been built.
Villa Gutmann
The Villa Gutmann at Bertinistraße 16 / 16a belonged to the banker Herbert M. Gutmann (1879–1942). The son of the Dresdner Bank founder Eugen Gutmann was a director of the Dresdner Bank and the Deutsche Orientbank and an important art collector.
In 1913 he rented the property of his uncle Ernst Heller in Bertinistraße and gradually converted it into an imposing country estate, the Herbertshof . The property had over 50 rooms, including a steam bath, an arabic with a richly decorated wooden interior and a gym with an expressionist design language designed by the architect Reinhold Mohr .
Similar to the Villa Mendelssohn Bartholdy, the majority of "the old court society not only from Potsdam but also from Berlin" gathered in Gutmann's house. Crown Prince Wilhelm came to lunch from the Cecilienhof , and Kings Gustav of Sweden , Fuad of Egypt and Faisal of Iraq were visiting.
With the takeover of the NSDAP parted Gutmann from Herbertshof and its art collections. After he and his wife had lived in the neighboring Villa Alexander for some time, the family, threatened by the persecution of the Jews , managed to emigrate to England via Italy at the end of 1936 .
The property at Bertinistraße 16-16a was sold in June 1939 to the Volksbund für das Deutschtum Abroad . After the war, the city of Potsdam set up a children's clinic, later a Feierabendheim . An allotment garden division was created in the landscape garden. After the fall of the Wall, squatters lived in Villa Gutmann. In 1992 the house was transferred back to a community of heirs who sold it to actress Nadja Uhl . She tries to restore the Villa Gutmann. The villa and villa garden are under monument protection.
Villa Jacobs / Villa Alexander
The Villa Jacobs (Bertinistraße 17) was built in 1842 for the manufacturer Ludwig Jacobs based on a design by Ludwig Persius . Jacobs (1794-1879) was the owner of the largest sugar refinery in the province of Brandenburg and investor for the Berlin-Potsdam-Magdeburg railway company in the construction of the railway line Berlin-Potsdam-Magdeburg .
His villa was built in place of a house built by Alberto Bertini in 1835 at the end of Bertinistraße on a plateau above the Jungfernsee. With its 37-meter-high Florentine tower, Villa Jacobs was the first Italian tower villa in Potsdam and exerted a great influence on subsequent buildings. The royal court gardener Hermann Sello laid out a 45,000 m² landscape garden based on original plans by Peter-Joseph Lenné. In 1886 the villa was rented to Prince Alexander of Prussia and was therefore also called Villa Alexander . In 1896 it was bought by Kaiser Wilhelm II.
On June 30, 1934, Konrad Adenauer , who was then living in Potsdam, was detained by the SS in the Villa Alexander during the Röhm putsch .
After the Second World War, the building was used as a kindergarten for the Soviet Army . After the wall was built, the Villa Jacobs was no longer used because of its location in the border area and began to fall apart. After a fire, the ruin was demolished in 1981.
In 2005–2008 the Villa Jacobs was rebuilt adaptively by the architects Marianne and Stefan Ludes.
Border crossing point
In 1970, a 55 hectare border crossing for ships was built on Bertinistrasse between Villa Louis Hagen and Villa Jacobs. After the old border crossing point Nedlitz at the transition to the Weißen See could no longer handle the traffic, a larger facility was built at the confluence of the Jungfernsee into the Havel.
The entire width of the Jungfernsee was closed by a barrage made of pontoons , which should make it impossible for ships and divers to cross the border to West Berlin, 1200 meters away, without permission. A pier for the boats of the border troops , a speedboat hall, a boat lifting system and a gas station, watchtowers, an engine house, administration building, dog kennels and garages were built along Bertinistraße . In front of Villa Gutmann, the bank was widened with sheet pile walls, so that the villa lost its access to water. The border installations were secured on the land side with a double chain-link fence and an inland wall.
The watchtower was listed as a historical monument in 2011. The hinterland wall, one of the last structural evidence of the former border around West Berlin, was demolished in the course of road renovation in 2012. Some of the wall segments are to be kept and rebuilt for a later “place of remembrance”.
literature
- Johannes Cramer : Nedlitz border crossing point. Traces of the ship crossing point on Jungfernsee. In: Brandenburg Monument Preservation. Issue 1/2009, pp. 29-38, 2009
- Louis Edmund Hagen: One people, one empire. Nine lives under the Nazis. Stroud, Gloucestershire 2011.
- Antje Uta Hartmann: The Gutmann Villa. Thoughts on a possible use. In: Brandenburg Monument Preservation. Issue 2/2002, pp. 43-52.
- Sebastian Panwitz: Otto von Mendelssohn Bartholdy. Private banker, nobleman, persecuted. Basics of a biography. In: Mendelssohn Studies. Volume 16. Edited by Hans-Günter Klein and Christoph Schulte . Hanover 2009.
- Vivian J. Rheinheimer: Herbert M. Gutmann. Leipzig 2007.
- Thomas Wernicke, Jutta Götzmann, Kurt Winkler (eds.): Potsdam Lexikon. City history from A – Z. Berlin 2010.
- Angelika Kaltenbach: Bertinistraße 6-9. From the vineyard to the villa park. Potsdam 2017.
Web links
- Villa Starck. Pott Architects , accessed August 25, 2012 .
- Villa Hagen. pott architects, accessed August 25, 2012 .
- VEB information processing Potsdam. Retrieved August 25, 2012 .
- Ludwig Jacobs: The forgotten sugar baron. Retrieved February 11, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Site. Prussian Foundation for Palaces and Gardens, accessed on December 18, 2016 .
- ↑ Development plan No. 60 Bertinistrasse. (PDF; 3.5 MB) Potsdam city administration, March 2005, accessed on August 30, 2012 ( overview ).
- ^ Potsdam City Archives: List of Architectural Monuments, Kania 14
- ^ Antje Uta Hartmann: The Villa Gutmann. Thoughts on a possible use. In: Brandenburg Monument Preservation. Issue 2/2002, p. 44
- ^ Sebastian Panwitz: Otto von Mendelssohn Bartholdy. Private banker, nobleman, persecuted. Basics of a biography. In: Mendelssohn Studies. Volume 16. Edited by Hans-Günter Klein and Christoph Schulte. Hanover 2009 p. 439 ff.
- ↑ Markus Vonberg: With Wolfram to millions. Südkurier, June 30, 2012, accessed August 25, 2012 .
- ↑ Finanzamt Potsdam, quoted in to: Potsdam City Archives, call number 1-10 / 907
- ^ Tungsten - a very hard business. (PDF; 137 kB) HCStarck, accessed on August 25, 2012 .
- ^ Christiane Ludwig Körner: Fanny du Bois-Reymond, in: Re-discovered - Psychoanalysts in Berlin . Giessen 1999, p. 44 ff., 47 .
- ↑ Jörg Limberg: Et stykke Norge i Potsdam - Norwegian wooden architecture in Potsdam and the rebuilding of Kongsnaes. (PDF) In: Old house and new life. 9th wood construction conference in Berlin and Brandenburg. 2002, p. 69 , accessed October 17, 2016 .
- ^ Block, Otto: A country house on the Havel . Interior decoration 42, 1931, pp. 18-20; Berg, Guido: New building of the Villa Louis Hagen. Potsdam Latest News, February 8, 2007.
- ↑ Strobel, Christel: Portrait Lotte Reiniger. lottereiniger.de, accessed on August 15, 2012 .
- ↑ Berg, Guido: Permission to demolish the Villa Louis Hagen. Potsdam Latest News, July 10, 2009, accessed August 27, 2012 .
- ↑ Vivian J. Rheinheimer: Herbert M. Gutmann. Leipzig 2007, p. 20
- ^ Civil engineering department Potsdam, quoted in To: Potsdam City Archives, call number 1-10 / 327
- ^ The forgotten sugar baron (press article from April 23, 2011 on the Jacobs research by Gebhard Falk). Retrieved February 11, 2013 .
- ↑ Development plan Bertinistraße and Jungfernsee. (PDF; 228 kB) Potsdam city administration, February 2006, accessed on August 25, 2012 ( overview ).
- ↑ Thomas Wernicke, Jutta Götzmann, Kurt Winkler (eds.): Potsdam Lexikon. City history from A – Z. Berlin 2010, p. 379
- ^ Johannes Cramer: Nedlitz border crossing point. Traces of the ship crossing point on Jungfernsee. In: Brandenburg Monument Preservation. Issue 1/2009, pp. 29-38, 2009
- ↑ Peer Straube: Memorial in Bertinistraße . Potsdam Latest News, March 11, 2011, page 12, accessed May 4, 2016