Viller mill

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Viller mill

The building of the Viller Mühle in 2013

The building of the Viller Mühle in 2013

Location and history
Viller Mühle (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Viller mill
Coordinates 51 ° 42 '8 "  N , 6 ° 3' 3"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 42 '8 "  N , 6 ° 3' 3"  E
Location Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia
Kleve district
City of Goch
Waters Niers
Built before 1320
Shut down 1972
technology
use Oil , saw and flour mill
Grinder Grinding mill , oil press and sawmill
drive Watermill since 1930, steam and electricity
water wheel undershot

The Viller Mühle is a disused oil and grain mill in Goch , which was built in its current form around 1870 and is used as a museum, event location and "market of forgotten goods" in the private property of the puppeteer Heinz Bömler . The mill is a listed building .

location

The Viller Mühle is located in the Kessel district of the city of Goch in the Kleve district , North Rhine-Westphalia , and is in close proximity to the Niers River . The western border of the village of Kessel is also the border with the Netherlands with the villages of Ottersum and Gennep . In the northwest, the Reichswald borders the place.

history

The place Viller was mentioned as early as 751/52 in a deed of donation from Echternach Abbey. In 1291 a relative of the Counts of Geldern, Johann von Malberg, sold the Hommersum farm to the Graefenthal monastery with several goods between Gennep and Goch . The Viller mill belonged to this farm. The mill was mentioned several times in the 14th and 16th centuries. During a river inspection and a mill inspection on August 28, 1600, grain and oil mills were named in Viller. The mill appears in several documents in the 17th and 18th centuries. With the secularization and auctioning of the monastic buildings in 1802, the mill also changed into private hands, was initially leased and finally auctioned in 1806 to the innkeeper Peter van Bergen for 10,000 francs. In 1849 the mill was still owned by the Lim heirs. In 1853 at the latest, Peter Frans Mathysen was the mill owner. He had a third waterwheel installed as a separate drive for a sawmill that had also been operated in connection with the oil mill. The brothers Johann and Ludwig Mathysen are considered to be the new founders of Viller Mühle. With the application for a third grinding in 1869, the year of construction of the mill wing may have been handed down. In 1877 the Mathysen brothers applied for a narrow-gauge horse-drawn tram from the Viller Mühle to the Boxteler Bahn . They had also agreed to the railway company to build the building at the new Hassum stop . NBDS put the new station into operation on November 8, 1877. The mill had a siding on the station premises, on which goods could be reloaded into its narrow-gauge wagons. Grain, oilseeds and coal were transported by rail.

In 1890 the house in front of the mill wing was built and in 1898 the boiler house for a two-flame tube boiler from the Jacques Piedboef company was built to replace an older boiler house. The construction of a new chimney has been handed down for 1912, and the silo wing will probably also be built in two construction phases during this time. After the grist and oil mill burned down completely in 1913, the building had to be renovated.

The number of employees jumped during this period from 27 in 1911/12 to 45 in 1913/14. During the First World War the number of workers fell back to 30 and later to 28.

Since 1930 the Viller Mühle has only been operated with steam and electricity. With the straightening of the Niers, the mill was cut off from water as a driving force in 1933. In 1940 the oil mill was shut down, and in 1972 the grain mill as well in return for a government subsidy. From then on, the buildings were only used as a production facility and warehouse for animal feed. In 1994, the puppeteer Heinz Bömler acquired the Viller Mühle and carried out extensive repairs, as the buildings were hardly looked after after they were closed in 1972. In 2000 the Viller Mühle plant was placed under monument protection.

meaning

With the documentary mention in 1291, the Viller Mühle is one of the oldest on the Lower Rhine. The rising buildings convey the location of this mill and are therefore important in terms of local and regional history.

In terms of architecture and technology, the recent object belongs to a later stage of technology, which began in England at the end of the 18th century and in Germany with the first steam mill in Berlin in 1822 . In the course of industrialization , more and more steam mills emerged, which created fierce competition for the traditional wind and water mills and caused the much-lamented mill death. The steam mill was built like a factory with its central drive element, the transmission shafts and belts. The numerous elements in the Viller Mühle from the drive system and conveyor technology refer to factory operation and are important for the development of working and production conditions. They are all the more valuable since such elements are no longer preserved in other factories due to modernization. Due to the remote, rural location, a valuable property has been preserved for industrial archaeological research in Goch.

The steam mills of the 19th century enriched the landscape, especially of the flat country, with their narrow, high buildings with an unusual feature. The Viller Mühle is a typical example of the late 19th century in terms of architectural detail. It is a matter-of-fact design language that is still fed by the arched style, which was founded in classicism , and at the same time prepares the modern with its cubic simplicity. Noteworthy is the large number of architectural details that have been preserved, such as B. the cast iron windows and stairs. In this respect, the Viller Mühle is a document for the change in the landscape and the development of architecture on the way to modernity, which was largely influenced by industrial construction .

Current usage

Today Bömler's extensive collection of old shops and curiosities is located in the Viller Mühle. There are also various dining facilities and conference venues. Events and recordings of the Hart an der Grenz cabaret series are regularly held in the mill's sack warehouse in cooperation with the WDR .

Monument description

The Viller Mühle is registered under No. 50, Kessel, Viller 32, in the list of monuments of the city of Goch .

gallery

  • Information board Viller Mühle

  • Building of the Viller Mühle in 2013

  • Information board for the Viller mill

  • Gauge house of the Viller mill

  • Viller Mühle on the new recording in 1892

  • Viller Mühle on the original cadastral map 1843

  • Viller Mühle on the 1802 tranchot map

  • Bus stop Viller Mühle

See also

literature

  • Hans Vogt: Lower Rhine water mill guide. 2nd Edition. Niederrhein Association, Krefeld 1998, ISBN 3-00-002906-0 .
  • Susanne Sommer: Mills on the Lower Rhine . Rheinland Verlag, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7927-1113-3 .

Web links

Commons : Viller Mühle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Monument appraisal