Warnow shipyard Warnemünde
Warnow shipyard Warnemünde | |
---|---|
legal form | 1948–1990 VEB 1990–1991 GmbH |
founding | 1948 |
resolution | 1991 (merger with the Neptun shipyard ) |
Seat | Rostock - Warnemünde , Germany |
Branch | Shipbuilding |
The VEB Warnowwerft Warnemünde was the largest shipyard in the GDR in the VE Kombinat Schiffbau Rostock, commissioned with the construction of ocean-going vessels (container, LoRo) in Rostock- Warnemünde , today Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , which took this official name on August 1, 1948 in the Soviet occupation zone received.
history
1945 began in New York City on the site of the former Krögerwerft the shipyard Warnemünde with the construction of wooden fishing boats for the Soviet Union. It came to the Wismar repair yard in 1947 as the Warnemünde branch , became independent in 1948 and was named VEB Warnowwerft .
Company history
Structure and beginnings with ship repairs (1948)
The VEB Warnow Werft Warnemünde was founded on August 1, 1948 its shipyard located at the mouth of the river Warnow north of the Hanseatic city of Rostock . It is one of the most important shipyards in Germany. The shipyard was built in the late 1940s with the aim of modernizing the Soviet fishing fleet and rebuilding the Soviet merchant fleet, which was badly damaged by the war . The foundation stone for this was laid at the Yalta Conference . In the Soviet zone of occupation everything was directed and directed by orders of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD).
At the end of the Second World War the situation was dramatic. 24.7% of the residential buildings and 42.2% of the commercially used areas of the city of Rostock were completely destroyed by British and American bomb attacks. The Arado aircraft factory was also completely devastated.
Only the Kröger brothers' small boatyard was still standing, which was located on the old harbor basin built in 1887. But the owners of this shipyard had fled to the western sectors. During the war, among other things, explosive boats were built here. During the Nazi dictatorship, the Kröger brothers were military leaders and confidants of the Gestapo . They also employed prisoners of war in their shipyards. On January 3, 1945, the dismantling of the remaining facilities began under the command of the Soviet major Pobegalov. This was completed in October 1945 and the shipyard ceased to exist.
The Soviet city command decided to build a new shipyard for the production of smaller fishing vessels for their fishing fleets to improve the food situation of their troops. On May 21, 1945, the first 28 workers began repairing fishing trawlers - with the simplest means due to the general shortage of materials. In order to make the work more effective and to create trust among the population in the occupying power and the new German political administration, the shipyard was handed over to the Rostock city administration on October 17, 1945. 70 employees found work in the shipyard, where eight fishing cutters were being repaired at the time.
The first newbuildings were launched on October 22, 1945: there were two half dinghies that were christened Gustav Sobottka and Captain Manow . The use of these dinghies was intended for the Warnemünde fishing fleet. These two new buildings were also the first new buildings in the Soviet-administered part of Germany .
Under Order No. 124 of October 30, 1945 and Order No. 126 of October 31, 1945 of the SMAD , the property of war criminals was confiscated by the SMAD and placed under Sequester (compulsory administration). This also applies to the property of the Kröger brothers. So that the work in the shipyard did not come to a standstill due to a lack of material, on December 18, 1945, on order No. 173 of the SMAD, shipbuilders from other industries as well as 700 tons of flat steel, profile iron and sawn timber were arranged for the shipyard.
By order of the SMAD on April 30, 1946, 18 wooden cutters were to be built in Warnemünde for the fleets of the USSR. On May 21, 1946, the management of the shipyard was handed over to the newly formed German administrative bodies. In May 1946 one of the Kröger brothers came back to Rostock and asked for the shipyard to be returned. After the referendum on June 30, 1946 advocated the expropriation of war criminals in Saxony, the workforce of the Mecklenburg boatyard also passed a resolution at a works meeting on July 8, 1946: “Protest against the efforts and existing intentions to resume operations previous owners ”(145 against the return, 14 abstentions, 1 for the return) and the shipyard became public property.
On order no. 93 of the SMAD, the ship repair yard Wismar, the wagon factory Wismar and the boat yard Warnemünde were merged on July 7, 1947. The Warnemünde shipyard became part of the Wismar ship and repair yard and operated as the “Wismar ship repair yard, state-owned company, Warnemünde branch”. On September 1, 1947, the first object to be repaired arrived in Warnemünde. First of all, ships sunk in the Second World War were lifted, repaired and rebuilt. The first timber cutter was delivered on February 29, 1948. On June 23, 1948, on order no. 112 of the SMAD, the Warnemünder Werft was again separated from Wismar and was to be expanded as an independent company by May 1, 1949. At the same time, the SMAD ordered in an annual program to carry out ship repairs in the amount of 15 million DM. In addition, orders were given to cease fishing shipbuilding on January 1, 1949 - the beginning of the planned economy. The VEB Warnowwerft Warnemünde was officially founded on August 1, 1948. This was the beginning of the planned construction and further development of the shipyard and its products.
The two largest objects up to 1955 were the reconstruction of the passenger ship Hansa for the Soviet Soyuz and the conversion of the former Hamburg into the whaling mother ship Juri Dolgoruki .
New building (1951/52)
After this new building with the sailing training ship Wilhelm Pieck was handed over to the owner on August 2, 1951 , the production of series ships began. The new construction of similar types of ships was developed into series production at an early stage. In 1960 the Warnowwerft had grown into the largest shipbuilding company in the GDR and was developed into the lead company of VVB Schiffbau. The V / O Sudoimport, the foreign trade company of the USSR, was the largest customer of the East German shipbuilding industry. Deliveries were also made to Yugoslavia, China, Romania and Czechoslovakia. In addition, numerous ships were built for the GDR's merchant fleet and the international market, especially for West German shipping companies. From 1959 the Warnow shipyard was merged with other shipbuilding companies in the GDR to form the Association of People's Own Enterprises ( VVB ) Shipbuilding . In the following year, the last restored wartime ship was put into service. In 1979 VVB Schiffbau was transformed into Kombinat Schiffbau Rostock . By 1986, 320 ships with a volume of around 3.5 million gross tons had been built.
After the fall of the Wall, Warnowwerft Warnemünde GmbH (1990)
→ see main article: MV Werften Warnemünde
Further milestones
- October 29, 1950: Start of the new shipyard building for ships with a load capacity of 10,000 twd and more,
- 1950–1955: Major investments to build a cable crane system with four slipways . The result was the largest production facility in European shipbuilding at the time.
- December 31, 1953: DM 340 million in reparations payments were made.
- January 14, 1956: The first 10,000 t freighter was launched; the client was VEB Deutsche Seereederei Rostock. The name was symbolic: peace
- June 23, 1957: delivery of peace ,
- July 12, 1960: Delivery of the whaling mother ship Juriy Dolgoruky (ex. Passenger ship Hamburg ). The rebuilding of this ship was the largest and most expensive work the shipyard had done since the Second World War. The costs amounted to 150.875 million DM,
- 1970/1971: 15 ships a year delivered for export,
- December 16, 1975: The first full container ship was delivered. It was the Khudozhnik Saryan of the Mercur I type ,
- May 27, 1987: The first of ten originally planned ships of the "Saturn" type for VEB Deutfracht / Seereederei Rostock was christened Ernst Thälmann and delivered. Due to the technical innovations, this series was awarded the title “Perspective Ship of the Future”.
Ships and types of ships from the Warnow shipyard
List of reparation items
modification | ship | Year of construction / shipyard |
---|---|---|
September 1, 1947 to May 22, 1948 | MARABU logger | 1934 Frerichs-Werft Einswarden |
September 1, 1947 to May 22, 1948 | Fishing trawler NALIM ex. HILDEBRANDT ex. WILHELM GRUENHAGE |
1921 |
September 1, 1947 to December 5, 1948 | Passenger ship ASIA ex. SIERRA MORENA - 1934 ex. THE GERMAN - 1946 |
25 October 1924 Vulkan-Werft Bremen / Vegesack, hull number: 612 |
January 11, 1948 to June 27, 1948 | Passenger ship SIBIR ex. SIERRA SALVADA - 1917 ex. AVARE - 1924 ex. PEER GYNT - 1925 ex. NEPTUNIA - 1927 ex. OZEANA - 1945 ex. EMPIRE TARNE - 1946 |
December 24, 1913 Vulkan-Werft Bremen / Vegesack, hull number: 560 |
February 1, 1949 to June 1, 1949 | SS FEOLENT (completed in Wismar) |
n / A |
February 20, 1949 to August 1, 1949 | SS LENINGRADSOVIET (completed in Wismar) |
n / A |
October 15, 1949 to December 10, 1953 | TS SOVIETSKIY SOYUS ex. ALBERT BALLIN - October 01, 1935 ex. HANSA - 1949 |
June 16, 1923 Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, construction no .: 403 |
June 7, 1949 to April 1, 1952 | Passenger ship RUSS ex. CORDILLERA - 1949 |
August 8, 1933 Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, construction no .: 494 |
August 12, 1949 to March 9, 1950 | Passenger ship TULOMA ex. SASSNITZ |
1906 Stettin Shipyard |
September 20, 1949 to January 30, 1951 | SS AUSEKLIS ex. MEZENJ ex. HIGHLANDS |
n / A |
October 19, 1949 to October 29, 1950 | SS LIGOVO ex. DAMP FIRE |
n / A |
November 1, 1949 to June 10, 1951 | MV KARELIA | n / A |
December 15, 1949 to June 9, 1951 | MT LENKORAN ex. ADOLF |
n / A |
July 27, 1950 to June 17, 1951 | SS SOVJETSKIY GAVAN ex. SAMUEL A WORCESTER |
1943 Oregon SBCorp., Portland, USA |
November 7, 1950 to July 12, 1960 |
Jury Dolgorukiy ex. Hamburg - 1950 |
March 27, 1926 Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, construction no .: 473 |
October 26, 1950 to January 13, 1953 | SS JAKUTIA ex. IMPERATOR PETR VELIKIY |
1913 John Brown & Co., Clydebank, UK |
November 30, 1950 to June 7, 1952 | MV MUDJUG | n / A |
August 19, 1950 to November 18, 1950 | SS MARIA | n / A |
September 3, 1951 to 7.1954 |
Admiral Nakhimov ex. Berlin |
1925 Vulkan shipyard, Bremen / Vegesack |
List of new buildings
Construction period | Ship type | Type designation | Series size |
---|---|---|---|
1948-1949 | Fishing trawler | Type D | 18th |
1951 | Sail training ship | Wilhelm Pieck | 1 |
1953-1956 | Inland passenger ship | Type B | 15th |
1954-1956 | Floating crane 50 Mp | SK 50 | 7th |
1955-1957 | Floating crane 15 Mp | SK 15 | 11 |
1956 | tractor | plaice | 1 |
1957-1961 | General cargo ship | Type IV | 15, 3 variants, |
1958-1959 | Bulkers | Type K + EI / Ugleuralsk series | 9 |
1960-1963 | Bulkers | Type K + E II / Dzhankoy series | 17th |
1961-1963 | Bulkers | Type IX | 6, 2 variants |
1961 | State yacht | Baltic Sea country | 1 |
1962-1966 | General cargo ship | Type X (Type XA ... Type XC) | 16, 3 variants |
1963-1969 | General cargo ship | Type VI | 31, 4 variants |
1965 | Tank cleaning ship | Newt | 1 |
1966/1978 | Floating crane 100 Mp | Griffin, Goliath | 3 units together with the Neptun shipyard |
1967-1969 | General cargo ship | Type XD | 16 |
1968-1970 | General cargo ship | Type 17 | 12 |
1970 | General cargo ship | Type 17 B | 5 |
1971-1972 | General cargo ship | Type 17 B 2 | 9 |
1970-1971 | General cargo ship | Type 17 K 1 D | 4th |
1971-1972 | General cargo ship | Type 17 K 1 E | 4th |
1969-1970 | General cargo ship | Pacific type | 3, 2 variants |
1970-1980 | General cargo ship | Type ocean | 34 |
1971-1975 | Fast freighter | Type Indic | 8, 2 variants |
1972-1974 | General cargo ship | Type Meridian I | 4th |
1976-1981 | Semi-container ship | Type Meridian II | 25, 3 variants |
1972-1977 | Semi-container ship | Type Mercator | 21, 2 variants |
1975-1979 | Container Ship | Type Mercur I | 10 |
1977-1981 | Arctic freighter | Type UL-ESC | 13 |
1981-1984 | Arctic freighter | Type UL-ESC II | 14th |
1979-1985 | Semi-container ship | Monsoon type | 15, 2 variants |
1982-1985 | Semi-container ship | Type Mercur II | 10 |
1983-1994 | Lo-ro freighter | Type Lo / Ro 18 | 28, 4 variants |
1985-1987 | Semi-container ship | Type Equator-WW | 7, 2 variants |
1987-1990 | Semi-container ship | Type "Passat" | 9, 2 variants |
1987-1989 | Container Ship | Saturn type | 4th |
Literature / sources
- VEB Warnowwerft Warnemünde - Operation of VEB Kombinat Schiffbau July 31, 1981, published by the BPO of VEB Warnowwerft Warnemünde, author collective under the direction of Willy Balzer, Ostsee-Druck Rostock, BT Wismar, C119 82-3716
- Dietrich Strobel: The Warnemünder Werft , Wolgast 2002, ISBN 3-933978-62-9
- Gerhard Buchführer: The sea economy of the GDR Vol. 1 1945-1960, Transpress VEB Verlag für Verkehrwesen, Berlin 1962
- Karl-Heinz Gustmann: The sea economy of the GDR Vol. 2 1961-1970, Transpress VEB Verlag für Verkehrwesen, Berlin 1968
- Michael Bera: aircraft construction prohibited! Of planes, cutters and chests of drawers. The "Werft Warnemünde" in own pictures 1918–1920. ß Verlag & Medien GbR, Rostock 2011 ISBN 978-3-940835-28-4