White spirit

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White spirit
other names
  • White spirit, in general
  • White spirit, containing aromatics
  • White spirit, free of aromatics
  • Boiling point petrol
  • Petroleum ether
  • Mineral spirits
  • White spirit, turpentine oil substitute
  • Crystal oil (Shell ™; K-gasoline)
  • Sangajol
  • White Spirit (UK)
  • Mineral Spirit (US)
  • VM + P naphtha (US)
  • Stoddard Solvent
  • Special gasoline
Trade names

Exxsol ™; Shellsol ™; Scharrsol Isopar ™; Solvent; Sangajol (5038®); Crystal oil ™; Hydrosol; Total Spiridane®; Varsol ™; Total Isane

Brief description colorless, volatile solvent
origin

fossil

CAS number

64742-82-1

properties
Physical state liquid
Boiling range
  • Type 1: 130 ° C-185 ° C
  • Type 2: 140 ° C-200 ° C
  • Type 3: 150 ° C-190 ° C
  • Type 4: 180 ° C-220 ° C
  • Type 5: 130 ° C-220 ° C
Flash point

> 21 ° C

Temperature class T3 (DIN VDE 0165)
Explosion class II A (DIN VDE 0165)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
02 - Highly / extremely flammable 07 - Warning 08 - Dangerous to health 09 - Dangerous for the environment

danger

H and P phrases H: 226-304-315-317-336-411
EUH: 066
P: 102-202-210-240-242-261-262-273-280-301 + 310-307 + 311-391-403 + 233-501
UN number 3295; 1300; 1268
Hazard number 30, 33
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

White spirits are refined gasolines from the group of heavy fuels with a boiling point between 130 ° C and 220 ° C and a flash point determined according to Abel-Pensky (DIN 51755) above 21 ° C. According to DIN standards 51632-1 and 51632-2 - depending on the boiling range - the white spirits are divided into five groups and also into "normal goods" and "dearomatised goods". White spirit contains volatile organic compounds (VOC) with medium volatility . The name white spirit refers to the fact that the gasoline has been tested for a certain range (flash point, boiling range ).

properties

White spirit is a colorless, clear liquid with a gasoline- like odor . Depending on the intended use, an evaporation that is as residue-free as possible as well as freedom from impurities and acidic components is required . If it is mineral spirits , the aromatic content has a decisive influence on the dissolving power, especially in the case of resins .

Its composition determines the specific flash point and boiling range of white spirit and its suitability for certain applications.

Information on the basic physical and chemical properties , as well as the handling of the intended use, are given in the safety data sheet.

These are through the standards DIN (DIN EN 228, DIN 1345), ISO , ASTM (ASTM D 235, ASTM D 1250, ASTM D 4057, ASTM D 4175), UOP , IP, BS , EPA , SMS (Shell Method Series) regulated.

Composition, manufacture

White spirit according to DIN 51632 is made up of various liquid hydrocarbons , mainly aliphatics : n-, iso- alkanes (paraffins), which are produced from synthetic iso-alkanes ( paraffins ) in the case of "dearomatised goods" . Alkenes , as well as cycloaliphatic ( cycloalkane -, alkenes) , also contain aromatic hydrocarbons { benzene , xylenes (isomer mixture o-, m-, p-), propyl - ethylbenzenes , mesitylene ( trimethylbenzenes ), toluene }, usually less than 25% ("Low in aromatic compounds"); ("Odorless") aromatics <2%. It is from the factions heavy fuel; C 7 -C 9 (carbon atoms), (bp 100 ° C-150 ° C), naphtha ; C 9 -C 11 , (bp 150 ° C-180 ° C) and petroleum ; C 12 -C 14 , (bp. 180 ° C-250 ° C) prepared . In the case of special products such as white spirit, only uncracked fractions can be processed. Because of the narrow boiling limits, these products cannot be drawn off directly from the side columns, but are obtained by another distillation of a corresponding fraction.

use

White spirit is used as a solvent and thinner in products such as adhesives and paints such as B. wood preservatives , varnishes and emulsion and oil paints .

In its use as a cleaning and degreasing agent , the term petroleum spirit is also used. For reasons of environmental protection and health, it is desirable to use white spirit that is as aromatic-free and therefore “odorless” as possible. For use on plastics , this is often a necessity, because aromatics dissolve plasticizers from plastics, making them brittle .

On the other hand, a higher aromatic content results in a significantly greater cleaning or degreasing performance and is advantageous when used as a solvent, for example in synthetic resin paints.

Designations

The quality of the commercially available mixtures varies without specifying the proportions of the mixture. It is often referred to as turpentine substitute , white spirit or turpentine oil substitute as well as mineral spirits, sangajol, crystal oil ( Shell K21, K30, K40, K60 ) , since the natural product turpentine oil was used for the same purposes in the past . Turpentine substitute can also contain additional aromatics or can even be produced entirely without petrol (hydroterpine; hydroterpentine) ( terpenes , tetralin , decalin ). White spirits are other blends of various types. Because real turpentine oil is much more expensive, the replacement products have largely ousted the original from the market.

It is also known as special boiling point petrol , but this is not correct, as special boiling point petrol; Flash point <21 ° C DIN 51631, as the name suggests, have their boiling range between 60 ° C – 140 ° C between light petrol <100 ° C and heavy petrol > 100 ° C. So boiling limit gasoline have z. B. the following designation 80/120, 100/125, (DIN Type I) 60/95, (DIN Type II) 80/110, (DIN Type III) 100/140. So special boilers can be light as well as heavy and have a significantly lower flash point and are therefore highly flammable .

It is also referred to as cleaning gasoline, but this is usually special-boiling-point gasoline.

Aromatic-free synthetic products are also referred to as white spirit ( D-Benzine ; D for "dearomatized"):

  • D25 (Shellsol CAS No. 64742-82-1, Scharrsol CAS No. 64742-48-9)
  • D30 EC no. 919-446-0
  • D40 EC no. 919-857-5
  • D60 CAS No. 64742-48-9 / EC No. 918-481-9 (White Spirit Type 3 aromatic-free),
  • D70 C 11 -C 14 ; CAS no. 64742-47-8
  • D100 C 12 -C 15 ; EC no. 920-107-4
  • D120 C 14 -C 18 ; EC no. 927-632-8 ( kerosene )
  • Dearomatised specialty petrol with a very narrow boiling range C 9 –C 12 , bp 175 ° C – 188 ° C, such as Shellsol T CAS no. 90622-57-4, TD CAS No. 64741-65-7, Exxon Isopar G, H, Scharrsol T 56 CAS No. 90622-57-4.
  • and finally others whose boiling range can also be higher (high-boiling-HT).

These dearomatised products are also known as odorless turpentine substitute .

The mineral spirits also include:

Luminous petrol C 10 –C 14 bp. 160 ° C – 250 ° C, Shellsol H, Spezialpetrol D b.p. 180 ° C – 220 ° C CAS no. 64742-82-1.

There is also Petrol D odorless C 10 –C 13 CAS no. 64771-72-8 with a bp. 190 ° C and flash point 75 ° C, CAS no. 64742-47-8 bp 190 ° C-245 ° C flash point 70 ° C.

The manufacturers of such products adhere to the international standard designation for white spirits ASTM D235-02, which covers a boiling range between 90 ° C and 230 ° C.

these are now set to Low flash point = 21 ° C – 30 ° C; Medium flash point = 31 ° C-54 ° C; High flash point => 55 ° C divided.

  • ( White Spirit Type 1 ) 2% -25% aromatics, CAS no. 64742-81-1 / Low EC No. 928-136-4, bp 132 ° C-176 ° C; EC no. 927-344-2, bp 110 ° C-180 ° C; Medium EC No. 919-446-0, bp 135 ° C-220 ° C {CAS No. 8052-41-3 (US White Spirit, Stoddard Solvent, bp. 148.8 ° C – 204.4 ° C)}, both types are  now combined under EC No. 919-446-0; High EC no. 919-164-8, bp 150 ° C-230 ° C
  • ( White Spirit Type 2 ) 5% aromatics, CAS no. 64791-92-0, bp 90 ° C-230 ° C;
  • ( White Spirit Type 3 ) (aromatic-free) <2% aromatic, CAS-No. 64742-48-9 / Low EC No. 927-241-2, bp 110-190 ° C; Medium EC no. 919-857-5, bp 130 ° C-210 ° C; High EC no. 918-481-9, bp 160 ° C-245 ° C;
  • ( White Spirit Type 0 ) 2% -25% aromatics, CAS no. 64742-88-7 / EC No. 919-446-0, bp 140 ° C-220 ° C

There are also mixtures that contain Solvent Naphtha / Solvesso / Shellsol CAS no. 64742-95-6, so you should always look at the safety data sheet in order to be fully informed about the ingredients of the product, because the international designation does not match either the DIN standard or the German designations.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry on white spirit, generally in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on December 25, 2019(JavaScript required) .
  2. ↑ a b c d Entry on white spirit containing aromatics in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on December 25, 2019(JavaScript required) .
  3. ↑ Entry on white spirit, aromatic-free in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on December 25, 2019(JavaScript required) .
  4. ↑ a b Werner Baumann, Thomas Rothardt: Printing chemicals: data and facts on environmental protection 2. Springer-Verlag, 1999, ISBN 978-3-642-58474-9 , p. 322.
  5. ↑ Entry on heavy fuel. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on August 28, 2015.
  6. ↑ Entry on white spirit. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on August 28, 2015.
  7. ^ A b Jürgen Falbe, Manfred Regitz: RÖMPP Lexikon Chemie. Volume 1: A – Cl , 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1996, ISBN 3-13-734610-X , p. 392.
  8. ↑ a b Entry on gasoline. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on August 28, 2015.
  9. ↑ Specialized lexicon for plasters & coatings - white spirit ( memento of October 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on putz-dekor.org, accessed on March 23, 2016.
  10. ↑ Gabriele Janssen: The safety data sheet according to REACH. 6th edition, ecomed Sicherheit, 2015, ISBN 978-3-609-65767-7 .
  11. ↑ Mineral oil alphabet on migrol.ch, accessed on March 23, 2016.
  12. ^ RA Nadkarni: Guide to ASTM Test Methods for the Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants. 2nd. Edition, ASTM International, 2007, ISBN 978-0-8031-4274-9 .
  13. ^ The Significance of Tests of Petroleum Products: A Report. ASTM International, 1949, OCLC 9666719 .
  14. ↑ James G. Speight: Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, 2014, ISBN 978-1-118-98635-6 .
  15. ↑ Alkane (PDF; 368 kB), on duepublico.uni-duisburg-essen.de, accessed on March 23, 2016.
  16. ^ Structure and constitution of the alkanes on chemgapedia.de, accessed on March 23, 2016
  17. ^ Adalbert Wollrab: Organic Chemistry: An Introduction for Teachers and Minor Students. Springer Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-642-45144-7 , p. 277.
  18. ↑ Process overview of refined products (PDF; 440 kB), accessed on March 23, 2016.
  19. ↑ a b Entry on white spirit. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed April 30, 2014.
  20. ↑ The properties of white spirit on ib-rauch.de, accessed on March 23, 2016.
  21. ↑ A. F. Orlicek, H. Poell: Hilfsbuch for petroleum engineers. Springer-Verlag, 1955, ISBN 978-3-7091-7853-9 , p. 177.
  22. ↑ Bernhard Schultz: Farbwarenkunde. Vieweg, 1953, ISBN 978-3-322-97907-0 , p. 110.
  23. ↑ Differences between white spirit and turpentine . on terpentin.net, accessed March 23, 2016.
  24. ↑ Brock / Goeteklas / Mischke: Textbook of paint technology. Vincentz Network GmbH & Co KG, 1998, ISBN 978-3-87870-569-7 , p. 95.
  25. ↑ Uwe Böhme: Chemistry for engineers for dummies. John Wiley & Sons, 2012, ISBN 978-3-527-70682-2 , p. 325.
  26. ↑ Safety sheets for download ( Memento of the original dated October 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . at moellerchemie.com, accessed March 23, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.moellerchemie.com
  27. ↑ Bruce Anderson, Ann de Peyster, Shayne C. Gad, P. J. Bert Hakkinen, Michael Kamrin, Betty Locey, Harihara M. Mehendale, Carey Pope, Lee Shugart: Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Second Edition, Academic Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-12-369400-3 , p. 100 ff.