White bryan

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White bryan
White bryony (Bryonia alba)

White bryony ( Bryonia alba )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Pumpkin-like (Cucurbitales)
Family : Pumpkin family (Cucurbitaceae)
Genre : Fence beet ( Bryonia )
Type : White bryan
Scientific name
Bryonia alba
( L. )
White bryony ( Bryonia alba ), illustration

The White Bryony ( Bryonia alba L. ), also Schwarzbeerige Bryony , Schwarzfrüchtige Bryony , Gichtrübe or Teufelsrübe called, is a poisonous climbing plant from the family of cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae).

description

The white bryony is a fast-growing, herbaceous, 3 to 5 meter long vine climbing plant with beet-like, thickened roots. The roots, which often reach the size of a sugar beet , weigh up to 2.5 kilograms, are somewhat bulging and curled and branch down. The rough-haired stem has alternate, hand-shaped, sharply toothed, five-lobed leaves and corkscrew-like, winding tendrils.

In the case of Bryonia alba , in contrast to the red berry bryony ( Bryonia dioica ), flowers of both sexes are found on one plant, so it is single-sexed ( monoecious ). In the leaf axils arise racemose inflorescences with only a few millimeters small, yellow-green flowers that bloom from June to July. The spherical black berry fruits, which can reach the size of a pea , appear from August to September .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.

Distribution and occurrence

The white bryony comes from southern Europe and is widespread in Europe, including Scandinavia , via Iran to Central Asia. This perennial plant species prefers moist, nutrient-rich, chalky soils in warm locations and grows in hedges, fences, walls, on field and forest edges and on ruderal areas . It is a character species of the leek herb fringes (Alliarion). In general, the tendrils need a support object with a rough surface to find a secure hold to grow up. The white brychid is also cultivated because of its medicinal ingredients.

Important ingredients and effects

All parts of the plant are very poisonous, especially the roots and berries . The main active ingredients were over 20 different, toxic bitter substances ( cucurbitacins , which are highly oxidized triterpenes ) and other triterpenes such as. B. bryonic and brynolic acid described. The oral intake of about 40 berries can be fatal for adults. The lethal dose for children is around 15 berries. Symptoms of poisoning can appear after six to eight berries. With appropriate poison intake, severe gastroenteritic disorders with delirium and cramps can occur. Death from respiratory paralysis can occur within a few hours. Similar symptoms of poisoning can also be observed when taking preparations made from the fresh, disgusting smelling, disgustingly bitter tasting bryan root. Contact with the bryan, especially with the milky sap of the root, can cause inflammatory, allergic skin symptoms ( reddening , skin blisters , pustular rash).

use

In medicine

The pharmaceutical drug is from the fence beet root ( Bryonia alba -Wurzel Synonyms : Gichtrübe , Faselrübe , Faulrübe , Heckenrübe , Hundsrübe , Sauwurzel , Tollrübe , dog pumpkin root ) won. The medicinal drug has drastic laxative, hypoglycemic , tumor-inhibiting and cell-damaging effects. The drug or the preparations made from it are not used therapeutically because of their strong toxic effects and cannot be recommended. Special extracts from the beetroot are used in some finished medicinal products because of their immune-stimulating effect. The toxicological side effects do not exist with these preparations.

In homeopathy

The homeopathic Bryonia alba (abbreviation: Bry or bry ) was checked by Samuel Hahnemann and published in the second volume of his Pure Medicine . The remedy is made from the juice obtained from the fresh white bryan root, which has been mixed in alcohol and dug up before the flowering period. From the point of view of homeopathy , Bryonia alba is a well-tested polychrest with over 5500 symptoms , which is often administered for acute illnesses (e.g. strains ) as well as many chronic complaints (e.g. rheumatic or gastroentological type). Two placebo-controlled medical studies found no evidence for the effectiveness of u. a. homeopathic preparation of combination preparations containing Bryonia alba (the use of which, only based on indications, runs counter to classical homeopathy according to Hahnemann) for various symptoms.

The plant Bryonia alba , originally tested by Hahnemann , is nowadays often replaced by Bryonia dioica in homeopathy . The book author and homeopath Frans Vermeulen is of the opinion that Bryonia alba cannot be replaced by Bryonia dioica in homeopathic terms due to partly different mood symptoms .

Cultural history

The bryony was already known as a drug to the ancient Greeks and Romans and was used for gout , epilepsy , paralysis , dizziness , hysteria , wounds and coughs . Also Dioscorides and Hippocrates used the drug drug. Dioscurides recommended the beet root for burn wounds . With Hippocrates, the root was given for tetanus . The English herbal expert Nicholas Culpeper recommended the drug for coughing, phlegm formation and shortness of breath . In folk medicine, the medicinal drug was administered as a laxative , emetic , diuretic , in rheumatism , in diseases of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract , in infections , in metabolic disorders and in liver diseases . The white bryan was used as a folk abortion in Russia . Due to the considerable toxic side effects, it is urgently not recommended to experiment with the common bryog.

Linguistic

The name Bryonia is derived from the Greek bryo 'sprout', alluding to the rapid growth of the bryony. The name bryony is due to the choice of location (climbing on fences).

Common names

The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the white bryan, in some cases only regionally : Alfpape ( Middle Low German , Dutch ), Alppfaf (Middle Low German, Dutch), Alraunwortel (false) ( Rendsburg pharmacy), Heilige Byrn ( Middle High German ), Wilder Curviz (Middle High German), White Entwin, White Gentian, Faselwurz, Rotten beet (Rendsburg pharmacy), Füerwöttel ( Mecklenburg ), Gichtröv (Rendsburg pharmacy), gouty beets, gouty root, Haningwurze ( Austria near Linz ), Hedge beet ( Augsburg ), Holy German ), Helge berries (medium high German), Hilgebeeren (medium high German), Hilgebern (medium high German), Hillig Röw (Mecklenburg), Hramca ( althochdeutsch ) Hundeskürbs (medium high German), Hundeskürbsen (medium high German), Hundskürbs, dog vines, dog beets, Wäld Kerbes ( Transylvania ) Wild pumpkin (Middle High German), Quartelsbeyen (Middle Low German, Dutch), Ragwurzel, Raselwurz, Rasrübe ( Eifel ), Rasswurzel ( Thuringia ), Raswurz, Rogwurz, Roselwortzel, Rosswurzel, Vuule Röwen (Rendsburg pharmacy), Saumwurz, Sauwurz, Schafentel, Shankrek, Scheißwurz, Scheißwurz, Gunroot, Schiltwort, Scheißwurzel, Schitwort German, Scitwort, Schmärwurzeln, Scheißwurzeln (Middle Low German), Smärwurtz (Middle High German), Smeerwurtz (Middle High German), Spanish Röwe (Oldenburg), Stichwurz, Stickwurz, Stukwurz (Middle High German), Devil's Cherry, Devil's Cherry, Toll turnip, Trostrübe, Tunranken ( Lübeck ), Tunried (Mecklenburg), Tunröw ), Wilder Tzeduar (Middle High German), Vaselwurz, Weißer Widerthon, Wilde Wienranke ( Borkum , Norderney ), Witte Wighart ( Low German ), Wiverede (Middle Low German), Black Zaunräbe, Zaunreben, Wilder Zitwen, Wilder Zitwer (Middle High German) and Wilder Zitwon (Middle High German) ).

literature

  • Heinrich Marzell : The bryony (Bryonia) through the ages. In: Der Naturforscher 6, 1929, pp. 324–329.

Web links

Commons : White bryony ( Bryonia alba )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Karl Hiller, Matthias F. Melzig, Lexicon of Medicinal Plants and Drugs , 2 volumes, approved special edition for area Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-89996-682-1
  2. ↑ MMPND - Sorting Bryonia names (accessed September 7, 2007)
  3. ↑ Henriette's plant photos: Bryonia alba L., Cucurbitaceae (accessed September 7, 2007)
  4. ^ A b Hermann Lichtenstern, Jan Volak, Jiri Stodola, Frantisek Severa: The great herbal book of health , Gondrom Verlag, 1994, ISBN 3-8112-1133-1
  5. ↑ a b L. Roth, M. Daunderer & K. Kormann: Toxic Plants - Plant Poisons. Nikol Verlagsgesellschaft, 1994, ISBN 3-933203-31-7
  6. ^ A b Carlo Odermatt + Sven Hartmann + Beat Ernst: Homeopathy Medicinal Pictures , K2-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-03722-950-0
  7. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 678 .
  8. ↑ a b c d Frans Vermeulen: Prisma - similarities and parallels between substance and drug , Emryss, 2006, ISBN 90-76189-17-X
  9. ^ A b Willibald Pschyrembel: Pschyrembel naturopathy and alternative healing methods . 3. Edition. de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2006, ISBN 3-11-018524-5
  10. ↑ a b www.gifte.de (accessed on September 7, 2007)
  11. ↑ www.giftpflanze.com (accessed September 7, 2007)
  12. ↑ a b c www.awl.ch - Bryonia alba (accessed on September 13, 2007)
  13. ↑ Christopher Hammond: Practical Homeopathy. The New Handbook , Mosaic, 1996, ISBN 3-576-10599-9
  14. ↑ Frank Bahr: Praxiscompendium of homeopathic drug pictures , (c) Doctors' day for medicine without side effects, 1997
  15. ↑ C. Cornu, P. Joseph, S. Gaillard, C. Bauer, C. Vedrinne, A. Bissery, G. Melot, N. Bossard, P. Belon, JJ Lehot: No effect of a homoeopathic combination of Arnica montana and Bryonia alba on bleeding, inflammation, and ischaemia after aortic valve surgery. In: British journal of clinical pharmacology. Volume 69, number 2, February 2010, pp. 136-142, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2125.2009.03574.x , PMID 20233176 , PMC 2824474 (free full text). ("blood losses in homeopathy and placebo groups were not statistically significant")
  16. ^ A. Paris, N. Gonnet, C. Chaussard, P. Belon, F. Rocourt, D. Saragaglia, JL Cracowski: Effect of homeopathy on analgesic intake following knee ligament reconstruction: a phase III monocentre randomized placebo controlled study. In: British journal of clinical pharmacology. Volume 65, Number 2, February 2008, pp. 180-187, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2125.2007.03008.x , PMID 18251757 , PMC 2291233 (free full text). ("CONCLUSIONS: The complex of homeopathy tested in this study was not superior to placebo in reducing 24 h morphine consumption after knee ligament reconstruction.")
  17. ^ Andrew Lockie, Nicola Geddes: Homeopathy , BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, 1996, ISBN 3-405-14719-0
  18. ↑ Andrew Lockie: The great lexicon of homeopathy , Dorling Kindersley Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-8310-0005-0
  19. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 69 f., Online.