Escholzmatt

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Escholzmatt
Coat of arms of Escholzmatt
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton lucerneCanton lucerne Lucerne (LU)
Constituency : Entlebuch
Residential municipality : Escholzmatt-Marbachi2
Postal code : 6182
former BFS no. : 1003
Coordinates : 637 791  /  195 952 coordinates: 46 ° 54 '49 "  N , 7 ° 56' 5"  O ; CH1903:  637 791  /  195952
Height : 858  m above sea level M.
Area : 61.29  km²
Residents: 3134 (December 31, 2012)
Population density : 51 inhabitants per km²
Website: www.escholzmatt.ch
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Escholzmatt (Switzerland)
Escholzmatt
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Parish before the merger on December 31, 2012

Escholzmatt (locally called Äschlismatt ) is a district of the municipality of Escholzmatt-Marbach and was an independent political municipality in the Entlebuch district of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland until December 31, 2012 . On January 1, 2013, Escholzmatt merged with Marbach to form the municipality of Escholzmatt-Marbach.

geography

Escholzmatt, view from the local mountain Beichlen.

With an area of ​​61.3 km², Escholzmatt was the second largest municipality in the canton of Lucerne . The southernmost point of the former municipality is on the Schrattenfluh (2091 m above sea level), the northernmost at Brüggschwändeli near Bramboden, the westernmost near the hamlet of Dürrenbach on the Lucerne / Bern canton border and the easternmost in the Lammschlucht gorge.

The district of Wiggen (1.3 km southwest of the village; 788 m above sea level) at the confluence of the Äschlisbach (coming from the northeast) and Ilfis (coming from the south) also belongs to the former municipality .

To the northeast of the village is the district of Feldmoos (1 km away; 810 m. Above sea level). The Weissemme flows through this and takes in the Ebnitbach from the right just before the hamlet of Lehn to the northeast (1.5 km from the village; 786 m above sea level) and then the hamlet of Tellenbach (2.3 km northeast of the village ; 750 m. Above sea level).

Escholzmatt is located on the watershed between Bern and Lucerne . Some of the streams flow into the Ilfis and thus into the Emme in the Emmental . The other part flows into the Weissemme, which in turn flows into the Kleine Emme . The community is economically clearly oriented towards Lucerne, but on the southwest side it also leans towards the Bernese neighborhood.

Half (49.9%) of the former municipal area of ​​more than 61 km² is agricultural land. Almost as much is covered with forest and copse (44.2%). Only 3.1% of the former municipality, which is large in terms of area, is settlement area.

Escholzmatt bordered on Flühli , Marbach , Romoos and Schüpfheim in the canton of Lucerne and on the municipality of Trub in the canton of Bern.

history

Aerial photo from 500 m by Walter Mittelholzer (1922)

The Entlebuch district was settled relatively late compared to other regions. The oldest documented mention of the place name as askolvismatten dates back to 1160.

The former municipal coat of arms shows a tower on a green three-mountain with flanking crosses. It is reminiscent of the former Habsburg rule and is based on a castle fortress that stood either on the Hinderchnubel or in Wiggen . The crosses make the reference to the German Knights of Sumiswald .

When the economy collapsed after the end of the Thirty Years' War, the Entlebuchers resisted the strict urban rule. In this peasant war of 1653 the Escholzmatter Christian Schybi was the military leader. When the uprising in Entlebuch and Emmental failed miserably, Schybi paid for his leadership role with his life. A memorial on the village square keeps alive the memory of Christian Schybi and Hans Emmenegger , one of his colleagues.

Another monument, which is located on the watershed of the Kleine and Grosse Emme, commemorates Franz Joseph Stalder (1757–1833), a former pastor of Escholzmatt. He is considered an important figure in Swiss cultural history and the founder of German-Swiss dialectology . A fountain by the parish church is dedicated to him.

population

Population development
year Residents
1850 3,348
1860 3,075
1900 3,127
1941 3,518
1950 3,509
1960 3,257
1980 3,033
1990 3,083
2000 3,229
2005 3,274
2007 3,153

In the second half of the 19th century - in contrast to other remote rural communities - with the exception of the decade between 1850 and 1860 (1850–1860: −8.2%), the population decreased only slightly (1850–1900: −6.6) %). This was followed by a period of sustained population growth until 1941 (1900–1941: +12.5%). That was the year with the absolute peak of the population between 1850 and today. From 1950 to 1980 the population fell sharply again (1950–1980: −13.8%). The last (so far) population increase followed in the 1990s. Since then, the number of residents has stagnated at just over 3,200 people.

languages

The population uses a highly Alemannic dialect as their everyday language. However, the differences between the local dialect and that of the city of Lucerne are considerable. In the last census in 2000 , 95.04% gave German, 1.73% Albanian and 0.96% Serbo-Croatian as their main language.

Religions - denominations

The Pfarrer-Stalder-Brunnen in Escholzmatt

In the past, the entire population was a member of the Roman Catholic Church. This has changed less through leaving the church - in Entlebuch, which is still very religious today - than through immigration from other regions of Switzerland and abroad. Today (as of 2000) there are 78.41% Roman Catholic, 10.96% Evangelical Reformed, 0.93% Orthodox and 0.53% Free Church Christians. In addition, there are 2.45% Muslims, 1.64% non-religious and 1.15% members of other non-Christian denominations (mostly Hindus). The Muslims are Albanians from Kosovo and a few Bosniaks; the Orthodox Serbs and Montenegrins and the Hindus Tamils ​​from Sri Lanka.

Origin and nationality

At the end of 2006, 2,978 of the 3,162 inhabitants were Swiss and 184 (5.8%) foreigners. The 2000 census showed 91.24% (including dual citizens 92.01%) Swiss citizens. The largest groups of immigrants come from Serbia-Montenegro (4.43%; mostly Albanians, but also many Slavs), Sri Lanka (1.64% including dual citizens) and Germany (0.74% including dual citizens).

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the village and people who worked in Escholzmatt:

economy

Of the employed (2005), 36.6% work in agriculture, 36.8% in commercial enterprises and 26.6% in the service sector.

Parish Church of St. Jakob in Escholzmatt. The Schybi stone can be seen at the bottom left of the picture.

traffic

The village is on the Lucerne – Bern railway line and has its own stop. The district of Wiggen had another stop on the same railway line, but this was discontinued in 2011 due to a lack of profitability. However, Wiggen is reached by a post bus course: a post bus runs south from the village (Escholzmatt – Wiggen – Marbach – Schangnau – Kemmeriboden) and thus provides access to other communities by public transport.

Both Escholzmatt and Wiggen are on the roads (Lucerne–) Wolhusen – Bern and (Lucerne–) Wolhusen – Thun. The nearest motorway connections are more than 40 km away.

Attractions

The village of Escholzmatt is classified as a site of national importance. Particularly noteworthy are the large neo-Gothic parish church of St. Jakob and the Mettlen district . The Schybi stone that stands in front of the village church is also special . It stands in memory of the peasant leader, Christian Schybi , who was executed in the Peasants' War of 1653 . For more monuments see also under history .

Others

  • The Chrüzbode is a pass to the community of Trub , where in the 18th century a wrestling competition was held every year.

Web links

Commons : Escholzmatt  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Photo book Escholzmatt on the occasion of the 850-year anniversary , ibid. 2009
  2. ^ André Meyer: The parish church of St. Jakob in Escholzmatt LU. (Swiss Art Guide, No. 379). Ed. Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1985.
Panorama from Escholzmatt