Wilhelm von Baden (1792-1859)

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Margrave Wilhelm von Baden around 1830

Wilhelm Ludwig August, Prince of Baden (born April 8, 1792 in Karlsruhe ; † October 11, 1859 there ) also named Count Wilhelm von Hochberg and from 1817 as Margrave Wilhelm von Baden , was the commander of the Baden Brigade in Napoleon's Grande Armée , sent in the campaign against Russia in 1812 . From 1819 to 1858 Wilhelm was President of the 1st Chamber of the Baden Estates Assembly .

Life

In 1792 Wilhelm was born as the second son of Grand Duke Karl Friedrich von Baden and his second wife Luise Karoline Geyer von Geyersberg, Countess von Hochberg (1768-1820), the daughter of Baron Ludwig Heinrich Philipp Geyer von Geyersberg . Since Luise Karoline Geyer von Geyersberg was not on a par with the noble family of Zähringen , the sons from this marriage were initially not intended for inheritance in the margravial house.

Wilhelm in the Napoleonic Wars 1809–1815

Wilhelm of Baden

As early as 1808 - at the age of 16 - Wilhelm was appointed colonel. When the fifth coalition war began in 1809 and the Napoleonic armies marched against Austria, young Wilhelm wanted to be there. The French marshal André Masséna took him away from the Baden infantry regiment and made him an adjutant . He took part in the battles near Abensberg , Eggmühl , Aspern and Wagram .

When Napoleon forced the allied states of the Rhine Confederation to post troop contingents for the campaign against Russia , the Baden Grand Duke Karl appointed the 20-year-old Count Wilhelm von Hochberg - a half-brother of his father - to command the approx. 8,000-strong Baden infantry brigade. The unit became part of the army corps of Marshal Claude-Victor Perrin called Victor and the division of General Herman Willem Daendels .

When the Grande Armée withdrew , the Baden troops covered the crossing over the Beresina and distinguished themselves on November 28, 1812 in the Battle of the Beresina . On December 7, 1812, however, the Baden Brigade disbanded near Wilna . Wilhelm was able to retreat to Marienwerder , where, however, only 145 men from the original troop formation arrived.

After the Grand Duchy of Baden separated from Napoleon and on November 20, 1813, took the side of Prussia, Austria and Russia during the Wars of Liberation , the Landwehr and Landsturm were set up based on the Prussian model , and the introduction of general conscription in December 1813 allowed a total of 16,000 men be summoned. Reinforced by troops from the principalities of Liechtenstein and Hohenzollern, it formed the VIII Army Corps under the command of Wilhelm Graf von Hochberg. The corps besieged the French fortresses of Kehl, Strasbourg, Landau in the Palatinate and Pfalzburg and returned to Baden in June 1814. During the summer campaign of 1815, another field division had to be dug up, but it did not take part in any combat operations.

The President of the 1st Chamber of the Estates Assembly

1819–1858 Wilhelm was President of the 1st Chamber of the Baden Estates Assembly . The assembly of estates was established by the Baden Constitution of 1818. The 1st Chamber elected Wilhelm as its President on April 18, 1819. Wilhelm was considered progressive and he succeeded in integrating the rural aristocracy, which had lost its former independence through incorporation into the Grand Duchy, into the new state.

Coat of arms and inscription stone in Kirschgartshausen near Mannheim

The farmer

After completing his military career, Wilhelm took care of the management of his estates in Rotenfels and Augustenberg near Durlach - they had the reputation of being model estates . He and his brothers had received the Kirschgartshausen estate near Mannheim as early as 1804 as Count von Hochberg. There are u. a. a lintel from 1822, with Baden's coat of arms and the inscription referring to Wilhelm and his brother Maximilian : "LW and M. MARKGRAFEN zu BADEN 1822" . Wilhelm was also president of the agricultural association for the Grand Duchy of Baden for many years.

ancestors

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Charles III Wilhelm of Baden-Durlach (1679–1738)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Friedrich Hereditary Prince of Baden (1703–1732)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Magdalena Wilhelmine of Württemberg (1677–1742)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Karl Friedrich Grand Duke of Baden (1728–1811)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Johann Wilhelm Friso of Nassau-Dietz (1687–1711)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Anna of Nassau-Dietz-Oranien (1710–1777)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Marie Luise of Hessen-Kassel (1688–1765)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wilhelm of Baden
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ???
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Baron Ludwig Heinrich Philipp Geyer von Geyersberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ???
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Luise Karoline von Hochberg (1767–1820)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Johann Rudolf Reichsgraf von Sponeck
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Maximiliana Christina, b. Countess von Sponeck (1730–1804)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wilhelmine Luise von Hoff (1704–1780)
 
 
 
 
 
 

Marriages and offspring

Elisabeth of Württemberg

On October 16, 1830 Wilhelm married Elisabeth von Württemberg (1802–1864), the daughter of Duke Ludwig Friedrich Alexander, Prince of Württemberg . The following children were born from the marriage:

Honors

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ s. ADB p. 699.
  2. ↑ svDiersburg S. 92nd
  3. ↑ s. Karl Stiefel: Baden 1648–1952. Karlsruhe 1977, Volume 1, pp. 258/259
  4. ↑ Kirschgartshausen in the LEO BW portal
  5. ↑ s. Foreword from Zeller
  6. ↑ Court and State Handbook of the Grand Duchy of Baden 1834. p. 4.
personal data
SURNAME Wilhelm of Baden
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Count Wilhelm von Hochberg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Son of the Grand Duke of Baden
DATE OF BIRTH April 8, 1792
PLACE OF BIRTH Karlsruhe
DATE OF DEATH October 11, 1859
Place of death Karlsruhe