Wilhelm von Baden (1792-1859)
Wilhelm Ludwig August, Prince of Baden (born April 8, 1792 in Karlsruhe ; † October 11, 1859 there ) also named Count Wilhelm von Hochberg and from 1817 as Margrave Wilhelm von Baden , was the commander of the Baden Brigade in Napoleon's Grande Armée , sent in the campaign against Russia in 1812 . From 1819 to 1858 Wilhelm was President of the 1st Chamber of the Baden Estates Assembly .
Life
In 1792 Wilhelm was born as the second son of Grand Duke Karl Friedrich von Baden and his second wife Luise Karoline Geyer von Geyersberg, Countess von Hochberg (1768-1820), the daughter of Baron Ludwig Heinrich Philipp Geyer von Geyersberg . Since Luise Karoline Geyer von Geyersberg was not on a par with the noble family of Zähringen , the sons from this marriage were initially not intended for inheritance in the margravial house.
Wilhelm in the Napoleonic Wars 1809–1815
As early as 1808 - at the age of 16 - Wilhelm was appointed colonel. When the fifth coalition war began in 1809 and the Napoleonic armies marched against Austria, young Wilhelm wanted to be there. The French marshal André Masséna took him away from the Baden infantry regiment and made him an adjutant . He took part in the battles near Abensberg , Eggmühl , Aspern and Wagram .
When Napoleon forced the allied states of the Rhine Confederation to post troop contingents for the campaign against Russia , the Baden Grand Duke Karl appointed the 20-year-old Count Wilhelm von Hochberg - a half-brother of his father - to command the approx. 8,000-strong Baden infantry brigade. The unit became part of the army corps of Marshal Claude-Victor Perrin called Victor and the division of General Herman Willem Daendels .
When the Grande Armée withdrew , the Baden troops covered the crossing over the Beresina and distinguished themselves on November 28, 1812 in the Battle of the Beresina . On December 7, 1812, however, the Baden Brigade disbanded near Wilna . Wilhelm was able to retreat to Marienwerder , where, however, only 145 men from the original troop formation arrived.
After the Grand Duchy of Baden separated from Napoleon and on November 20, 1813, took the side of Prussia, Austria and Russia during the Wars of Liberation , the Landwehr and Landsturm were set up based on the Prussian model , and the introduction of general conscription in December 1813 allowed a total of 16,000 men be summoned. Reinforced by troops from the principalities of Liechtenstein and Hohenzollern, it formed the VIII Army Corps under the command of Wilhelm Graf von Hochberg. The corps besieged the French fortresses of Kehl, Strasbourg, Landau in the Palatinate and Pfalzburg and returned to Baden in June 1814. During the summer campaign of 1815, another field division had to be dug up, but it did not take part in any combat operations.
The President of the 1st Chamber of the Estates Assembly
1819–1858 Wilhelm was President of the 1st Chamber of the Baden Estates Assembly . The assembly of estates was established by the Baden Constitution of 1818. The 1st Chamber elected Wilhelm as its President on April 18, 1819. Wilhelm was considered progressive and he succeeded in integrating the rural aristocracy, which had lost its former independence through incorporation into the Grand Duchy, into the new state.
The farmer
After completing his military career, Wilhelm took care of the management of his estates in Rotenfels and Augustenberg near Durlach - they had the reputation of being model estates . He and his brothers had received the Kirschgartshausen estate near Mannheim as early as 1804 as Count von Hochberg. There are u. a. a lintel from 1822, with Baden's coat of arms and the inscription referring to Wilhelm and his brother Maximilian : "LW and M. MARKGRAFEN zu BADEN 1822" . Wilhelm was also president of the agricultural association for the Grand Duchy of Baden for many years.
ancestors
Charles III Wilhelm of Baden-Durlach (1679–1738) | |||||||||||||
Friedrich Hereditary Prince of Baden (1703–1732) | |||||||||||||
Magdalena Wilhelmine of Württemberg (1677–1742) | |||||||||||||
Karl Friedrich Grand Duke of Baden (1728–1811) | |||||||||||||
Johann Wilhelm Friso of Nassau-Dietz (1687–1711) | |||||||||||||
Anna of Nassau-Dietz-Oranien (1710–1777) | |||||||||||||
Marie Luise of Hessen-Kassel (1688–1765) | |||||||||||||
Wilhelm of Baden | |||||||||||||
??? | |||||||||||||
Baron Ludwig Heinrich Philipp Geyer von Geyersberg | |||||||||||||
??? | |||||||||||||
Luise Karoline von Hochberg (1767–1820) | |||||||||||||
Johann Rudolf Reichsgraf von Sponeck | |||||||||||||
Maximiliana Christina, b. Countess von Sponeck (1730–1804) | |||||||||||||
Wilhelmine Luise von Hoff (1704–1780) | |||||||||||||
Marriages and offspring
On October 16, 1830 Wilhelm married Elisabeth von Württemberg (1802–1864), the daughter of Duke Ludwig Friedrich Alexander, Prince of Württemberg . The following children were born from the marriage:
- Wilhelmine Henriette Amalie Pauline Luise (7 May 1833 - 7 August 1834)
- Sophie Pauline Henriette Marie Luise Amalie (* August 7, 1834 - April 6, 1904), married Prince Woldemar zur Lippe on November 9, 1858 (April 18, 1824 - March 20, 1895)
- Pauline Elisabeth (1835-1891)
- Leopoldine (1837–1903) ⚭ September 24, 1862 Prince Hermann zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1832–1913)
Honors
- Grand Cross of the Order of Loyalty
- Grand Cross of the Military Karl Friedrich Order of Merit
- Grand Cross of the Order of the Zähringer Lion
- Knight of the Russian Order of Alexander Nevsky
- Russian Order of Saint Anne I. Class
- Black Eagle Order
- Order of the Red Eagle 1st class
- Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor
- Grand Cross of the Guelph Order
- Grand Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown
- Commentary by the Order of Saint Stephen
See also
literature
- Philipp Roeder von Diersburg (Hrsg.): Memories of the general of the infantry Margrave Wilhelm von Baden from the campaigns from 1809 to 1815. Karlsruhe 1864 digitized
- Bernhard von Poten : Wilhelm (Margrave of Baden) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 42, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1897, pp. 699-701.
- C. Zeller: Agricultural description of the estates of Sr. Highness of the Margrave Wilhelm von Baden, Duke of Zähringen etc. at Rothenfels in Murgthale and Augustenberg near Durlach. Karlsruhe 1838.
Web links
- Philipp Röder von Diersburg (ed.): Memories of the General of the Infantry Margrave Wilhelm von Baden from the campaigns from 1809 to 1815 in the Google book search
- Contribution to the history of the Augustenberg model estate
Individual evidence
- ↑ s. ADB p. 699.
- ↑ svDiersburg S. 92nd
- ↑ s. Karl Stiefel: Baden 1648–1952. Karlsruhe 1977, Volume 1, pp. 258/259
- ↑ Kirschgartshausen in the LEO BW portal
- ↑ s. Foreword from Zeller
- ↑ Court and State Handbook of the Grand Duchy of Baden 1834. p. 4.
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Wilhelm of Baden |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Count Wilhelm von Hochberg |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Son of the Grand Duke of Baden |
DATE OF BIRTH | April 8, 1792 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Karlsruhe |
DATE OF DEATH | October 11, 1859 |
Place of death | Karlsruhe |