Will (Wittmund)
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Will
City of Wittmund
Coordinates: 53 ° 33 ′ 36 ″ N , 7 ° 44 ′ 29 ″ E
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| Height : | 6 m above sea level NN | |
| Area : | 15.09 km² | |
| Residents : | 1612 (2010) | |
| Population density : | 107 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | August 16, 1972 | |
| Postal code : | 26409 | |
| Area code : | 04462 | |
Location of Will in Lower Saxony |
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Willen is a district of the town of Wittmund in the district of the same name in Wittmund in Lower Saxony .
geography
The village of Willen is located about two kilometers west of the town center of Wittmund the place on the East Frisian Geestrücken . Boulder clay and clays can also be found south of the village. For a long time, the place was shaped by the previously dominant, nutrient-poor heathland . The area of the district and the former municipality of Willen is 15.09 km².
Will is divided into the districts of Poggenkrug , Neuenhaus , Updorf , Angelsburg , Kreyenburg , Tannenkamp , Hohehahn and Lehmkulen. In the north of Tannenkamp there is also the Hohehahn nature reserve .
The Harle with its tributaries flows south of Willen towards Wittmund.
| flow | Length (max.) In km |
Length in Willen (Wittmund) in km |
Total catchment area in km² |
Catchment area <> Will /> in km² |
source | muzzle |
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Harle |
20th | 1.5 | 30th | 1 | south of will | Harlesiel |
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North Deep (Harle) |
12.7 | 1 | 2 | 0.5 | Spekendorf | south of will |
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Süder Tief (Harle) |
9.5 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.5 | Kallrunge (Friedeburg) | south of will |
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Uthörner suffering |
5.9 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.05 | west of Hovel | south of will |
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Hohebier draw trench |
3.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.05 | Updorf | Menkenfeld |
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Masilkenschloot |
2.2 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Updorf | south of Lehmkuhlen |
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Separator chute |
2.0 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | north of Lehmkuhlen | south of Neuenhaus |
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Tannenkampsschloot |
1.5 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Tannenkamp | south of Poggenkrug |
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Lehmkuhlenschloot |
1.2 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Leegeroarf | east of Lehmkuhlen |
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Angelsburg draw trench |
0.826 | 0.826 | 0.5 | 0.5 | east of Angelsburg | west of Wittmund |
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Poggenkruger suffering |
0.75 | 0.75 | 0.3 | 0.3 | west of Poggenkrug | south of Poggenkrug |
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Hohmschloot |
0.706 | 0.706 | 0.2 | 0.2 | Lehmkuhlen | south of Lehmkuhlen |
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Heglitzer Zuggraben |
0.65 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.08 | north of Heglitz | Pog jug |
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Leeward lock |
0.57 | 0.57 | 0.1 | 0.1 | Leegeroarf | Leegeroarf |
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Töpperschloot |
0.424 | 0.424 | 0.1 | 0.1 | Pog jug | Pog jug |
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North ditch |
0.318 | 0.318 | 0.1 | 0.1 | west of Updorf | west of Updorf |
history
From the first mention to the rural community (1473–1862)
Willen is not a typical East Frisian church village, as there is no church. It was first mentioned in a document in 1473. As early as 1612, Willen was mentioned in connection with wood deliveries from the Ammerland . In 1730 the villages of Willen, Updorf, Poggenkrug and Neuhaus were already recorded on maps. The first wooden elementary school was built in 1709 on the "Alten Postweg". In the second half of the 18th century, by order of the Prussian King Frederick the Great, most of the swamps of Will and the surrounding area were drained and used for peat and clay extraction (hence the name of the hamlet "Lehmkuhlen") as well as the planting of the heather in the north started to the Wittmund forest . This made trading and travel faster and safer. In 1804 the place is called Groß-Willen . On the map from 1805 both big and small wills are recorded by name. In 1820 Willen received a "peasant master" and in this context a certain independence from Wittmund. The elementary school, which was badly damaged in the winter of 1800, was replaced in 1814 by a new school again made of wood. When a storm destroyed it in 1849, it was replaced by a third. This wooden school consisted of 2 floors with 2 classrooms, a toilet and a sink. The community of Groß-Willen was founded in 1842 and thus obtained its independence from Wittmund.
Will as a community (1862–1945)
In 1862 the municipalities of Groß-Willen and Updorf were combined to form the rural municipality of Willen. In 1896 Updorf and Willen had 580 inhabitants. In Willen, the stop of the Leer-Aurich-Wittmund district railway “Willen” was inaugurated in 1899. In the autumn of 1901 diphtheria broke out at the school and was closed, and reopened on February 15, 1902. Five children died during the wave of illness. In 1911 a major fire in the "Wittmunder Forest" destroyed 2,400 hectares of forest, which corresponds to 80% of the total area. Raiffeisengenossenschaft Willen was founded in 1919. A mayor was installed in 1933. In 1939 the place received a post office. A memorial was erected in 1945 for those who fell in the two world wars and was renewed in 1951.
Post-war period and "golden age" (1945–1972)
In the years 1945 to 1947, a flow of refugees from the eastern areas doubled the population. The Willener Police was established in 1946 and placed under Wittmund's control in 1962. The population growth from 1946 to 1949 meant that the school was used as an accommodation building. The students had to be taught in a small wooden hut in the Wittmund Forest. where only 10% (21) of school-age children are admitted. The laying of the foundation stone for the fourth stone school took place on July 4, 1950. The Kreisbahn Leer – Aurich – Wittmund was closed in 1962.
Willen district (since 1972)
On August 16, 1972, Willen was incorporated into the district town of Wittmund. The primary school Willen joined the Finkenburg School Wittmund in 1977. 1978/79 was the Willener Eiswinter, 1979 the first harvest festival with the first harvest couple. The post office was closed in 1982 and in 1992 the Raiffeisengenossenschaft Willen due to the merger with the Raiffeisengenossenschaft Wittmund. In the same year the citizens and homeland association Willen e. V. founded. The primary school building was renovated and expanded in 2010.
Population development
The number in brackets shows the population of Willen, as it consisted of the villages of Willen, Lehmkuhlen, Poggenkrug, Tannenkamp, Angelsburg and Legeograf until 1862, but still without Updorf. The status is always December 31st.
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From the first counting years, the population of Willens rose steadily. The peak was initially in 1860 with 614 inhabitants. From then on, many Wittmunders emigrated to the USA and the population of Willens remained almost constant until 1930. During the time of National Socialism (1933–1945) a radical population boom began, as a result of which the population had doubled in 1950. The reason for this upswing was the flow of expellees from the lost eastern territories of the German Empire ( Silesia , Pomerania and East Prussia ). After that, the population fell to 1017 in 1961, and has increased constantly since then. It has risen much more rapidly since 1990. In 2010 the district had 1612 inhabitants.
politics
The years in brackets indicate the term of office.
Peasant master
- Johann Harms Juilfs (1820–1842)
Community leader
- A. Hinrich (1842–1843)
- JO Janssen von Updorf (1843–1848)
- DH Dirks (1848-1850)
- Bernhard R. Stind (1850-1853)
- HH Coordes (1853-1862)
Rural community leader
- HH Coordes (1862–1868)
- Johann Jacob Wilms (1868–1873)
- Willm E. Wilms (1873–1877)
- JB Kleihbauer (1877–1895)
- Harm Onken (1895-1920)
- Reinhard Onken (1920–1933)
mayor
- Hermann Heyken (1933–1940)
- Wilhelm Janssen (1940–1942)
- Heinrich Dirks (1942–1947)
- Folkert Göcken (1947–1949)
- Bernhard Reuss (1949–1950)
- Folkert Göcken (1950–1951)
- Bernhard Reuss (1951–1952)
- Wilhelm Schelken (1952–1972)
Mayor
- Georg Toben (1972–1986)
- Harry White (1986-1994)
- Werner Müller (1994-2003)
- Ralf Erdmann (2003-2017)
- Sven Glowalla (since 2017)
traffic
In the north of Willen is the federal highway 210 , which leads from Wilhelmshaven to Emden and joins the federal highway 31 . Once a day there is also a VEJ bus that goes to Wittmund's market square.
Old post route and the small train
The old postal route ran from Wittmund via Willen to Ardorf and further east. The Leer – Aurich – Wittmund small train also had a stop in Willen. The street name “Heidlandsweg” in the village still refers to this time.
education
Willen has had a primary school since 1709, which is part of the Finkenburg School Wittmund.
economy
In connection with the reforestation program at the end of the 19th century, the Wittmund Forest was also created, which delimits the northern district of Willens. The excursion restaurant and hotel "Hof von Hannover" served as a meeting point for travelers who used the road from Wittmund to Aurich. Otherwise the place was dominated by agriculture. Even today there are agricultural full-time farms in Will.
The place benefits from its proximity to Wittmund, which is particularly evident in the area of buildings. New building areas are opening up in the direction of Wittmund. Organizationally, the single primary school is part of the Finkenburg School Wittmund. On the old post route, the place still shows its primeval, rural character.
Personalities
- Manfred Bettinger (actually Manfred Hinrichs , * 1954 in Willen), actor, author and dramaturge
literature
- Will - history of our village in Harlingerland with Updorf and Angelsburg . Editor of the Citizens and Local Heritage Association Willen e. V. Will 2004.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 264 f .
- ^ "Chronicle Willen" in the minutes of the working group of local chronicles of the East Frisian landscape. August 19, 2005 (PDF; 36 kB)
Ardorf | Asel | Berdum | Blersum | Burhafe | Buttforde | Carolinensiel | Eggelingen | Funnix | Hovel | Empty harbor | Uttel | Will