Zander & Labisch

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1913: Berlin street scene Unter den Linden / Friedrichstrasse , photographed by Zander & Labisch

Zander & Labisch was the first German photo studio that, as a photo agency , dealt exclusively with the production of professional press photos and their direct sales. The German authorities concluded Zander & Labisch 1939 with the regulation on exclusion of Jews from German economic liver . Siegmund Labisch was murdered by the National Socialists in 1942 in the Theresienstadt ghetto .

history

founding

In the second half of the 19th century there were rapid leaps in development in photo and printing technology. This had an impact on all print media. The engineer and photographer Albert Zander (1864-1897) , who came from Colmar near Posen , and the rabbi and photographer Siegmund Labisch (1863-1942), who came from Samter in the same region, recognized this development as opportunities and opportunities arising from the increased demands of publishers, editorial offices and Readers to develop a business model based on current press photos of good quality.

The Ullstein publishing house , for example, divided his print shop in 1896 own Bildätzerei for faster production of autotypes at that shorter periods editorial meant. Before, it was simply too time-consuming to bring the fine lines of the xylography picture sticks into the curve of the rotary cylinders ; Photos in daily newspapers therefore remained an exception.

Until then, Zander worked as an engineer at the Berlin machine factory Carl Flohr, which had been in existence since 1844, at Chausseestrasse 35, Oranienburger Vorstadt ( Berlin-Mitte ), and later became the Flohr-OTIS company, which specializes in passenger and freight elevators . A fire broke out there on May 26, 1895, which Zander photographed. Two of his recordings were then published by the Berliner Illustrirten Zeitung .

On June 19, 1895 both founded their photo studio in Berlin under the company name Zander & Labisch-Illustrations-Photographen , later they traded as Zander & Labisch Neue Photographische Gesellschaft AG , most recently as Zander & Labisch oHG .

Empire

1896: Zander & Labisch moved Theodor Fontane's desk to put it in the right perspective and in the right light

The photo studio specialized in delivering to the press, daily newspapers, magazines and magazines. It was thus involved in the creation of a tabloid press in Germany. The agency was initially located at Leipziger Straße 105, in the immediate vicinity of important newspaper publishers such as August Scherl Verlag or Ullstein Verlag . When Zander died surprisingly early on August 12, 1897, Labisch continued to run the photo studio on his own, but kept its name, Zander & Labisch .

The portfolio of the photo studio comprised daily events and events as well as portrait photos of contemporary personalities who were of interest to the press. Two years later, around a tenth of all photos that were published in the Berliner Illustrirten Zeitung were from Zander & Labisch . In 1897 the photo studio had to look for larger premises and moved to Mohrenstrasse 19, where two of its employees, Olga Badenberg and Waldemar Titzenthaler , previously worked.

At the turn of the century, the photo agency set its sights on new fields of activity, such as architecture , industrial and theater photography . This enabled the agency to gain new customers in addition to the press: AEG , Borsig , Osram and Siemens were among their renowned, internationally operating clients. Large companies used Zander & Labisch, for example, to have photo documentation of their products made for their company archives, but also for advertising purposes. The photo agency was also active outside of Berlin. In 1905, for example, she photographed Jewish institutions in Hamburg for the magazine Ost und West - illustrated monthly for all of Judaism .

On October 1, 1917, Labisch took his nephew Paul Wittkowsky (1892–1949), born in Strasbourg , Alsace , into the company as a co-owner. In 1918 the agency moved from Mohrenstrasse 19 to Leipziger Strasse 115/116. Rooms for portrait photography were created there, and a separate department will specialize in this in the future. At that time, the photo agency had nine employees with whom it was able to process the numerous orders of the 1920s .

Weimar Republic

1927: Doris von Schönthan , a prime example of portrait photography by Zander & Labisch

In 1929 the society magazine Die Dame , "the best journal of its kind on the world market", published five full pages with photos from Alfred Flechtheim's Berlin apartment, which was "a meeting place for celebrities in Berlin at the time" for "artists, bankers, writers, canvas - and stage stars, journalists, scholars and athletes ”. The recordings were all made by Zander & Labisch . On the basis of artist portraits that the agency had created, heavily colored collector's pictures from the stage stars series and their autographs were created under their label , on which the artists posed in costumes of their most famous roles.

Nazi era

The transfer of power to the National Socialists and their anti-Semitism had a major impact on Zander & Labisch . The company suffered massive losses in sales. The newspaper publishers no longer placed orders with the company because they were no longer supposed to employ Jewish employees and suppliers. The first layoffs occurred at Zander & Labsich. On March 14, 1936, the agency was transformed from the Reich Association of German Correspondence and Message Offices. V. and thus excluded from the superordinate Reich Press Chamber (RPK). In contrast , Zander & Labisch was able to remain active in architecture and industrial photography for some time.

In 1938, however, the photo agency had to give up its premises on Leipziger Strasse. The rest of the business was relocated entirely to the private apartments of the two owners, Labisch and Wittkowsky, where they did a small amount of jobs from the private sector.

When the ordinance to exclude Jews from German economic life came into force, Zander & Labisch had to cease business activities on December 31, 1938. In 1939 the company was deleted from the Berlin commercial register. Wittkowsky emigrated to Australia on May 11, 1939, and Labisch perished in the Theresienstadt ghetto in 1942 .

Known employees

Celebrities as photo motifs (selection)

literature

  • Anna Rosemann: Zander & Labisch - On the trail of a well-known photo agency . Master's thesis on the history of the photo agency Zander & Labisch, European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), Chair for German-Jewish literary and cultural history, exile and migration, February 2017

Web links

Commons : Zander & Labisch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Zander and Labisch . In: Deutsche Fotothek. From: deutschefotothek.de, accessed on July 29, 2017.
  2. ^ Peter de Mendelssohn : Newspaper City Berlin: People and Powers in the History of the German Press . Ullstein-Verlag, Berlin 1959, p. 112.
  3. ↑ David Oels, Ute Schneider: "The whole publishing house is simply a bonbonniere": Ullstein in the first half of the 20th century . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2015. ISBN 978-3-11-038937-1 , p.
  4. ↑ Christine Walther: Winner Types: on the photographic mediation of a social self-image around 1900 . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2007. ISBN 978-3-8260-3510-4 , p. 45.
  5. ^ Machine factory Flohr . From: luise-berlin.de, accessed on July 29, 2017.
  6. ↑ Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung, Issue 21 (1895), p. 4.
  7. ↑ Berlin Commercial Register 91 HRA 13725 +40
  8. ^ Zander & Labisch . In: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. Retrieved July 29, 2017 from doaks.org.
  9. ^ State Office for Citizens and Regulatory Affairs (LABO) Berlin, Section I. - Compensation file No. 41 205 Fa. Zander & Labisch oHG, fol. D 11.
  10. ^ Hans-Werner Klünner: Theodor Fontane in a portrait . In: Festschrift of the Landesgeschichtliche Vereinigung for the Mark Brandenburg on its centenary 1884–1984. Eckart Henning and Werner Vogel (eds.), Berlin 1984, p. 288.
  11. ↑ Landesarchiv Berlin , A Rep. 342-02 No. 91 HR 13725 + 1940, sheet collection of the district court, p. 2.
  12. ^ The beginnings of tabloid journalism in Germany . (Photo: Zander & Labisch: Anton von Werner in conversation with Adolph von Menzel, Berlin, 1900) In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. From: sueddeutsche.de, accessed on July 29, 2017.
  13. ↑ Berlin photography studios of the 19th century . From: berliner-fotografenateliers.de, accessed on July 29, 2017
  14. ↑ David Oels, Ute Schneider: "The whole publishing house is simply a bonbonniere": Ullstein in the first half of the 20th century . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2015. ISBN 978-3-11-038937-1 , p.
  15. ↑ Landesarchiv Berlin, A Rep. 342-02 No. 91 HR 13725 + 1940, sheet collection of the district court, p. 2, 32.
  16. ↑ Bernd Weise: Photography in German magazines, part: 1883–1923 . (= Exhibition series Photography in Germany from 1850 to today) Institute for Foreign Relations (Ed.), Stuttgart 1991, p. 26.
  17. ↑ State Office for Citizens and Regulatory Affairs (LABO) Berlin, Compensation File No. 311 451 Siegmund Labisch, fol. D 49.
  18. ↑ East and West - illustrated monthly for all of Judaism . Vol. 1905, No. 4, pp. 265-268; Vol. 1905, No. 7-8, pp. 457-478, 487-492.
  19. ^ State Office for Citizens and Regulatory Affairs (LABO) Berlin, Section I. - Compensation file No. 41 205 Fa. Zander & Labisch oHG, fol. D 9-10.
  20. ^ Anna Rosemann: Zander & Labisch (1895-1939) - On the trail of a well-known photo agency . In: Photo History, Issue 144 (2017). From: fotogeschichte.info, accessed on July 29, 2017.
  21. ↑ Christian Ferber: Die Dame - A German journal for the spoiled taste from 1912 to 1943 . Ullstein-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main u. Berlin 1980. ISBN 978-3-550-06585-9 , p. 8.
  22. ↑ Andrea Bambi, Axel Drecoll: Alfred Flechtheim: looted art and restitution . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2015. ISBN 978-3-11-040484-5 , pp. 60–61.
  23. ↑ State Office for Citizens and Regulatory Affairs (LABO) Berlin, Section I. - Compensation file No. 41 205 Fa. Zander & Labisch OHG, fol. D 10-11.
  24. ↑ Rolf Sachsse: "This studio can be rented out immediately". About the “de-Jewification” of a profession . In: Fritz Bauer Institute , Irmtrud Wojak , Peter Hayes (ed.): " Aryanization " in National Socialism. National community, robbery and memory . Campus Verlag, Frankfurt, New York 2000. ISBN 978-3-593-36494-0 , pp. 273, 284.
  25. ^ Albert Zander & Siegmund Labisch . From: artnet.de, accessed on July 29, 2017.
  26. ^ State Office for Citizens and Regulatory Affairs (LABO) Berlin, Section I. - Compensation file No. 41 205 Fa. Zander & Labisch oHG, fol. D 1-2, D 34.
  27. ↑ RGBl. I 1938, p. 1580.
  28. ^ State Office for Citizens and Regulatory Affairs (LABO) Berlin, Section I. - Compensation file No. 41 205 Fa. Zander & Labisch oHG, fol. D 11.
  29. ↑ Labisch, Siegmund . In: Federal Archives. From: bundesarchiv.de, accessed on July 29, 2017.
  30. ↑ Blech und Familie, 1912 https://www.gettyimages.de/detail/nachrichtenfoto/leo-blech-21-04-1871-musiker-dirigent-verbindungen-d-mit-nachrichtenfoto/545950685
  31. ^ Hannah Ripperger: Portraits of Tilla Durieux: Visual staging of a theater star . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016. ISBN 978-3-8470-0634-3 , p. 224.
  32. ^ Theodor Fontane . From: uni-potsdam.de, accessed on July 29, 2017.
  33. ↑ Alexander Werner: Carlos Kleiber - A biography . Schott Music, 2013. ISBN 978-3-7957-0598-5 , pp.?.
  34. ^ The beginnings of tabloid journalism in Germany . (Photo: Zander & Labisch: Anton von Werner in conversation with Adolph von Menzel, Berlin, 1900) In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. From: sueddeutsche.de, accessed on July 29, 2017.
  35. ^ Portrait of Murnau at his desk from 1927 (Getty Images) .