Victoria Mathias colliery
| Victoria Mathias colliery | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| other names | Victoria Mathias & Gustav colliery | ||
| Funding / year | Max. 836,995 t | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | up to 2540 | ||
| Start of operation | 1844 | ||
| End of operation | 1965 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 28 '3 " N , 7 ° 0' 47" E | ||
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| Location | Segeroth | ||
| local community | eat | ||
| Independent city ( NUTS3 ) | eat | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Ruhr area | ||
The Victoria Mathias colliery was a hard coal mine in Essen's northern district near the city center. The mine was also called Zeche Victoria Mathias & Gustav between 1857 and 1880 . The Victoria Mathias coal mine union was one of the founding members of the Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate . In the second half of the 19th century, the mine was one of the most important collieries in the Düsseldorf administrative district . From 1858 to 1869, the Victoria Mathias colliery was even the largest colliery on the Ruhr .
history
The beginnings
In 1839 Mathias Stinnes gave the courage to the Mathias and Victoria mine fields . These fields were in the northern part of Essen. The following year, Stinnes founded the mining trade union Victoria Mathias. In the same year, work began on the Mathias shaft in the area of Essen's old town. The shaft had a cross section of six square meters. In 1844, Ernst Honigmann, on behalf of Mathias Stinnes, placed the courage in a field that was named Compensation. In the same year, all three fields were awarded . On March 8, 1845 , the three fields consolidated into Victoria Mathias. The entire right now covered an area of three square kilometers. At this point in time, the Mathias shaft was already over 50 puddles deep . The first level was at a depth of 107 meters (-35 m above sea level ).
The first years of operation
In 1845 the Mathias shaft was able to start mining . In the following year, the sinking work was continued and the shaft was sunk deeper. At a depth of 136 meters (-64 m above sea level), the second level was set in the same year. In order to continuously ventilate the mine workings , a small shaft was built next to the Mathias shaft using drilling technology. This shaft was 30 inches in diameter . In 1847 another weather shaft with the same dimensions was built. In 1849 a coal washing plant with separation was put into operation at the Victoria Mathias colliery . It was the first coal washing plant in the entire Ruhr area. In the following year, the sinking work on the Mathias shaft was continued. In 1851 the third level was set at a depth of 183 meters (- 111 m above sea level). In 1856, the sinking work on the Mathias shaft was continued and the shaft was sunk deeper.
The expansion of the mine
In 1857, the sinking work for the Gustav shaft began. The shaft was about 400 meters from the northeast bay Mathias in the area west of the Viehofer- and Beisingerstraße set . In 1858 the bay Gustav reached at a depth of 84 meters carbon . The shaft was built with masonry . In the same year, the fourth level was set in the Mathias shaft at a depth of 218 meters (-148 m above sea level). On August 11th of the same year, the quarter field was awarded to Georg Mathias. In 1858 the Gustav shaft was put into operation. In 1859 the weather bed was set in the Gustav shaft, at the level of the second level of the Mathias shaft . In 1861 the first level was set in the Gustav shaft at a depth of 237 meters (- 167 m above sea level). In the same year mining began in the Gustav shaft. Due to the dismantling by the mine, there was severe mining damage in the Essen city area . For this damage, the union had to pay substantial compensation to those affected, which in turn adversely affected the mine’s economic development. At that time, the mine belonged to the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund and there to the mining district Frohnhausen. In 1864 the sinking work in the Mathias shaft was continued. In the following year, the bottom of the swamp was set at a depth of 255 meters (- 183 m above sea level) . In 1870, the sinking work for a new weather shaft began in the southern field. The shaft was set up near Hofterbergstrasse on the Hofterberg. In 1853 the sinking work on the Gustav shaft was continued and the shaft was sunk deeper. In the same year, the third level was set in the shaft at a depth of 307 meters (- 237 m above sea level). In the following year the weather shaft was put into operation up to the first level.
In 1875 the mining of the Mathias shaft was shut down. However, the shaft was converted into a weather shaft. From that point on, the mine only had one extraction shaft. In 1876 the fourth level was set in the Gustav shaft at a depth of 336 meters (- 266 m above sea level) and the fifth level in 1878 at a depth of 397 meters (- 327 m above sea level). In 1884, a copy was made on the fifth level to the neighboring mines Graf Beust and Friedrich Ernestine . In 1885, the fifth level was set in the Gustav shaft at a depth of 429 meters (- 359 m above sea level) and a midsole at a depth of 450 meters (- 370 m above sea level). In 1886, the mine was still yielding despite the cost of the mining damage . In 1887 the weather shaft at Hofterberg was filled . On January 17, 1890, the coking plant built on the factory premises by the trading company Mathias Stinnes was acquired. The coking plant consisted of 70 coke ovens. In the same year, the alignment of the seventh sole began. This sole has a die at a depth of 516 meters - ascended (446 m NN). At this time Hugo Stinnes took over the management of the mining operations of the Stinnes family. In 1891 the old legal union with 128 Kuxen was transformed into a thousand-part union. The Stinnes family took over 949 of these thousand Kuxen into the family property. In 1892 there was a firedamp explosion at the mine , killing three miners . In the same year the Gustav shaft received a new hoisting machine . The hoisting machine was a steam-powered horizontal twin machine with a drive power of 500 hp . The extraction of the Gustav shaft was equipped as a traction sheave conveyor system. In 1893, the Mathias shaft was abandoned due to insufficient cross-section and filled up to the seventh level. In the same year, a compressor was installed above ground to generate compressed air . The compressor could generate up to 4,000 cubic meters of compressed air per hour at a pressure of five bar .
In 1895 the eighth level was added. The bottom was set using a die at a depth of 603 meters (- 533 m above sea level). The following year, they began from the seventh floor of the shaft 2 by means of departure to create. The shaft was constructed 60 meters south of the Gustav shaft (shaft 1). In order to supply the mine workings with sufficient fresh weather , a mine ventilator was installed above ground . The fan came from the Emil Wolff machine factory and was driven by a 150 hp single-cylinder steam engine. The fan was able to suck up to 2400 cubic meters of weather per hour from the pit. In the same year, the union reached an agreement with the owners of the United Sälzer & Neuack colliery on the overlapping of eligibility. As a result of this agreement, the Mathias field west of the Mathias fault was transferred to Vereinigte Sälzer & Neuack. In return, Victoria Mathias received the Hagenbeck seam section to the east of the fault . In 1898, the mine management decided to sunk another shaft. In the same year, the excavation of the shaft began from above ground. Before this shaft was completed, there was a malfunction at the Gustav shaft. On August 19 the Gustav shaft broke . An attempt to repair the damage resulted in another collapse in the shaft the following day. Seven miners were killed here. The operation was then immediately stopped. The Gustav shaft was filled and re-sunk. On September 18th of the same year the field was divided into the fields Victoria Mathias and Essen III. Victoria Mathias had an area of 1.8 km 2 and Essen III an area of 1.2 km 2 . In the same year Hugo Stinnes had the first power station of the Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk AG (RWE) built on the colliery site . Through this power plant, an alliance between the mine and RWE was established. Victoria Mathias supplied the power station with the steam generated in the mine’s boiler house instead of the coal. This saved RWE from paying the coal surcharge to the hard coal syndicate. As a result, Hugo Stinnes received a supervisory board post at RWE without being a shareholder in the company. On January 6, 1899, the Längenfeld Victoria Mathias I was acquired by the Hagenbeck colliery. In addition, part of a field was acquired by the Zollverein colliery . In the same year, both shafts were sunk to the fifth level. The area below the sixth level was flooded . The Essen III field was handed over to Friedrich Krupp AG .
The further operation
Towards the end of 1900, both the Gustav shaft and the Victoria Mathias 2 shaft began production. In 1901, shaft 2 was equipped with a new hoisting machine. The machine came from the closed coal mine United Hope & Secratarius Aak. The machine was a horizontal twin steam engine. The machine built by Friedrich Wilhelms-Hütte had an output of up to 445 hp. In order to lift the accumulating pit water , a Woolfsche dewatering machine was installed above ground . The machine could lift up to three cubic meters of water per minute from a depth of 700 meters. In the same year, shaft 2 was breached with the seventh level. A mining contract was signed with the Graf Beust colliery . Due to this contract, Graf Beust was able to mine in Victoria Mathias' south field above the sixth level, Victoria Mathias was able to mine below the sixth level. In 1903, the production in shaft 2 was made up to the seventh level. Another pit fan was installed in the same year. The fan was driven by a three-phase motor, which had an output of 200 hp and could suck up to 3000 cubic meters of weather from the mine building per minute . In the following year, a new, modern laundry facility was built. In addition, the coking plant was enlarged and a coal recovery plant was put into operation. The coking plant now consisted of three coke oven batteries with a total of 104 ovens. There were 35 regenerative ovens, 30 sub-burner ovens and 39 Kopee ovens. Together, these ovens could produce up to 145,000 tons of coke per year. In the period from 1904 to 1908 the union joined the Bochum coal recycling associations. In 1905 a second compressor was put into operation. The compressor could generate up to 8,000 cubic meters of compressed air at a pressure of five bar. In 1908, the sinking work on shaft 2 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1909, a new eighth level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 618 meters (- 548 m above sea level).
In 1910 the union signed a gas supply contract with the city of Essen. In the same year, the production of the new eighth sole began. On November 22nd of the same year, five miners lost their lives in a firedamp explosion. In 1911 the northern field was opened. In 1913, shaft 1 was sunk down to the eighth level. In the following year, the ninth level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 780 meters (- 548 m above sea level). In 1918, shaft 2 was broken up from the ninth level to the eighth level. In 1920, RWE took over the majority of the union's Kuxe . In 1921 a carbon copy was made with the Graf Beust mine on the ninth level. Nine miners were killed in a firedamp explosion on October 20, 1921. In 1926, the Victoria Mathias union joined the coal recycling company . On July 27, 1927, the Georg Mathias field was divided into Georg Mathias I and Georg Mathias II. The Georg Mathias II field was transferred to the United Sälzer & Neuack colliery. The following year, the Victoria Mathias union joined the coal chemical company . On March 1, 1929, the mine field and the shafts of the Graf Beust colliery were connected. The reason for this measure was to achieve a more economical operation. The dewatering for both mines remained on Graf Beust. The coking plant was shut down on October 15, 1930. On May 1, 1933, eight miners were killed in a mining accident. In the following year a carbon copy was made with the Friedrich Ernestine colliery . On April 19 of this year, three miners were killed in a firedamp explosion. In an air raid on the Graf Beust plant on December 12, 1944, 99 Russian forced laborers who were in an air raid shelter were killed. In the last year of the war, the daytime facilities of the Victoria Mathias colliery were badly damaged by bomber attacks.
After the Second World War , the mine consisted of the operating parts Victoria Mathias 1/2 and Graf Beust 1/2. The main lift level was the ninth level. The entire Berechtsame covered an area of 4.8 km 2 . In 1950 the sinking work was resumed and shaft 2 (Victoria Mathias) was sunk deeper. In the Graf Beust 2 shaft, the first partial bottom was set at a depth of 872 meters (-793 m above sea level). In the following year, the tenth level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 999 meters (-929 m above sea level). In the same year, the sinking work in the Gustav shaft was resumed. In the Graf Beust 2 shaft, the second partial level was set at a depth of 929 meters (-850 m above sea level). In 1952 Schacht Gustav was penetrated with the tenth level. On July 31 of the same year, the Victoria Mathias union was dissolved and a new union was founded, including the Graf Beust and Friedrich Ernestine mines. On December 16, 1954, the two length fields Graf Beust 1 and Victoria Mathias 1 became part of the Victoria Mathias colliery. In 1956, the sinking work on the Gustav shaft was continued and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1957 the shaft reached a depth of 1150 meters. The eleventh level was set at a depth of 1122 meters (- 1052 m above sea level).
Association with the neighboring mines
In 1957 the two mines Victoria Mathias and Friedrich Ernestine were combined. The combined mine now consisted of the areas Victoria Mathias, Graf Beust and Friedrich Ernestine. The entire rights covered an area of 6.3 km 2 . There were two main conveyor floors and three conveyor shafts. A central coking plant was operated on Friedrich Ernestine. On March 31, 1959, the central coking plant was shut down. In 1960 the sinking work was resumed on Victoria Mathias at shaft 2. In the same year, a partial bottom was set at a depth of 1190 meters (- 1120 m above sea level). The eleventh level became the main production level this year. In 1961, the sinking work was resumed on Friedrich Ernestine at shaft 4 and the shaft was sunk deeper. In the same year, the twelfth level was set at a depth of 1099 meters (-1010 m NN). In the following year, shaft 5 was dropped on the Graf Beust construction site . In 1963, production on the Friedrich Ernestine construction site was stopped and the construction site closed. In the same year, the Graf Beust 5 shaft was filled . A year later, on the Friedrich Ernestine part of the operation, the filling of the two shafts 3 and 4 began. This measure lasted until 1966.
Promotion and workforce
The coal mine was of good quality; the coal was well suited for coking. The first extraction figures come from 1845, in that year 970,869 bushels of hard coal were extracted. In the following year, 709,818 bushels of hard coal were mined. The first known workforce figures come from the year 1850, at that time 333 miners were employed in the mine, who produced 259,050 Prussian tons of hard coal. In 1858, with 755 employees, 140,000 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1860, 155,138 tons of hard coal were extracted; the workforce in that year was 755. In 1862, 1,177,286 Prussian tons of hard coal were mined with 1009 employees. With this promotion, the mine took the top spot in the Düsseldorf administrative region . In 1865, 309,867 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 1162. In 1870, a total of 282,132 tons of hard coal were mined with 1212 employees. In 1876, 227,000 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1880 there were 616 employees on the mine, the production amounted to 184,677 tons of hard coal. In 1890, 588 employees produced 194,684 tons of hard coal. Due to the collapse of the shaft in 1898, the production sank drastically and in 1900 was still 29,311 tons of coal, the workforce in that year was 346 employees.
In 1905, with 1000 employees, 352,014 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1910 the production amounted to 469,575 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 1696 employees. In 1913 the production amounted to 645,000 tons of hard coal. In 1920, 398,587 tons of hard coal were mined with 2,183 employees. In 1925, 438,774 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 2041. In 1929 the production rose to 729,869 tons of hard coal. In 1930, a workforce of 2228 produced 662,750 tons of hard coal. In 1937 the production rose to 742,000 tons of hard coal. In 1940 617,604 tons of hard coal were mined with 1540 employees. In 1945 the production sank to 70,000 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 800 employees. In 1950 the production increased again to 340,384 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 1476 employees. In 1955, a total of 352,190 tons of hard coal were mined with 1569 employees. The maximum funding was provided in 1959 with 2,896 employees. A production of 836,995 tons of hard coal was produced. The last known production and workforce figures for the mine are from 1964; in that year, 1781 employees produced 562,990 tonnes of hard coal.
Shutdown
In 1965 the Victoria Mathias colliery was closed. The shutdown took place in two steps. First, on July 30th, the Graf Beust construction site was closed. The last remaining construction site, Victoria Mathias, followed on November 30th. In 1966, shafts 1, 2 and 6 were filled. Further daily openings in the fields of Vereinigte Hoffnung & Secretarius Aak and Neuwerk were also filled. Most of the daytime facilities were demolished.
Current condition
Victoria Mathias' site on Altenessener Strasse has been completely built over. Today there are residential and commercial buildings here. The large RWE power plant is now the location of the district heating plant Essen-Innenstadt of STEAG-Fernwärme.
In 2012, RWE christened in memory of the bill an installation vessel for offshore wind turbines in the name of Victoria Mathias .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhrbergbau. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
- ^ A b c H. Fleck, E. Hartwig: History, statistics and technology of hard coal in Germany and other countries in Europe . R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1865
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 6th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 2008, ISBN 978-3-7845-6994-9 .
- ↑ a b AG Atomindustrie (Ed.): RWE - A giant with charisma. 1st edition. Kölner Volksblatt Verlags GmbH & Co Betriebs KG, Cologne 1984, ISBN 3-923243-09-X .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Paul Neubaur: Mathias Stinnes and his house. A century of development 1808-1908, printed by Jul.Bagel, Mülheim AD Ruhr 1909
- ↑ The coal of the Ruhr area . Compilation of the most important mines in the Ruhr coal mining area, specifying the quality of the coal mined, the rail connections, as well as the mining and freight rates. Second completely revised and completed edition, publishing bookstore of the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchhandlung, Cologne 1874
- ↑ Full speed ahead: New ship for the Nordsee Ost offshore wind farm ( Memento from March 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (last accessed on April 12, 2013)