Graf Beust colliery
| Graf Beust colliery | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Funding / year | Max. 569,122 t | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | up to 1844 | ||
| Start of operation | 1842 | ||
| End of operation | 1929 | ||
| Successor use | Ruhrbahn depot | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 27 '35.7 " N , 7 ° 1' 22.7" E | ||
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| Location | Beuststrasse | ||
| local community | eat | ||
| Independent city ( NUTS3 ) | eat | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Ruhr area | ||
The Graf Beust colliery was a hard coal mine in Essen-Mitte -Ost. The mine was named after the Rhenish mining captain Ernst August Graf von Beust . The Graf Beust colliery was one of the founding members of the Rheinisch-Westphalian coal syndicate . In the second half of the 19th century it was one of the most important mines in the Düsseldorf administrative district. The Graf Beust colliery was one of the first marl mines in the Ruhr area .
history
planning
The mining law union of the Graf Beust coal mine was founded in 1838 by Mathias Stinnes . Mathias Stinnes owned 2/3 of the shares. On April 7th of the same year a mining license was applied for. The mining license was applied for at the Essen-Werden mining authority. Stinnes intended to have prospecting work carried out in a field on the Sessenberg (also Sassenberg) in the northeast of the city of Essen . On behalf of Mathias Stinnes and other parties involved, Friedrich Dahlmeyer put forward the idea of a square . In the same year, the first mutation well was sunk in the Ernst am Sassenberg field, near today's Sessenbergstrasse. This well was abandoned at the end of the year. On December 24, 1839, a coupon was issued to an adjacent field. In the same year, a mutation hole was started. On January 31 of the following year, this hole reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 26½ Lachtern . First, a was seam with a thickness of 28 inches drilled, on February 1, the well reached a 32 inch powerful seam. In the same year, the courage was put on the field Ernst.
The construction of the mine
In the course of 1840, the sinking work for a mining shaft began. This mining shaft was initially named Schacht Ernst, later the shaft was renamed the Dahlmeyer shaft. The shaft was rectangular in cross-section and measured 142 "by 60". On May 13th of the same year, Friedrich Dahlmeyer reported to the Mining Authority that excavation work on the mining shaft had started. At the end of the year, the shaft reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 39 meters. After the first two shafts of the Kronprinz colliery , the shaft was the third underground construction shaft that was sunk by the previously impenetrable layer of marl in the Ruhr mining industry . On March 18, 1841, the mining shaft reached a depth of 45 meters. On March 22nd of the same year Mutung Ernst was renamed Mutung Graf Beust. During the sinking work, the second seam was excavated at a depth of 57 meters and the first sections were set. At a depth of 58.5 meters, a cross passage was driven in a southerly direction. With this crosscut, a seam with a thickness of 31 inches was exposed in the same year . The seam had no mining components , it fell 66.7 gon to the north and had shale clay in the lying and hanging slopes . The inspection took place on March 22nd of the same year . On July 4 of that year, the square box Graf Beust was awarded . In the same year, the weather bed was set at a depth of 88 meters (-9 m above sea level ) . In addition, the first coal was mined.
The first years of operation
In 1842 was the promotion started. All subsidized coal could be sold, still had Zubuße be paid. In the same year, the sinking work for shaft 2 began. The bay was named Ernestine bay and was 40 meters west of the shaft 1 attached . The shaft was planned as a drainage shaft. In order to prevent water marl from breaking through, the shaft lining was provided with full offset. In addition, a safety pier with a thickness of 36 meters was left in place. As a result, the dismantling could only begin at a depth of 75 meters. In the first year of operation, the Graf Beust colliery was the largest mine in the mining area . In 1843, the first level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 96 meters. In the same year, shaft 2 reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 36 meters. In the following year, shaft 2 was penetrated with the first level . In 1845 shaft 2 was sunk deeper and in 1847 the second level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 148 meters (-69 m above sea level). In 1850, the drilling work for a weather shaft began. On July 8, 1851, mining began in the Ernestine field. The weather shaft was put into operation in 1852.
Expansion of the mine
In 1853 work began on building its own horse-drawn tram . The railway stretched from the Graf Beust colliery via the Victoria Mathias and Vereinigte Helene & Amalie collieries to Mülheim an der Ruhr . The route of this horse-drawn tram was used a short time later by the Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft for the construction of their Osterath – Dortmund Süd railway line . In the same year, starting with the 2nd level, the deeper parts of the deposit began. In 1854 the Stinnes family leased the mine to Phönix AG for mining and smelting for 30 years . In 1855, at a depth of 207 meters (-128 m above sea level), the alignment of the third level began. In 1858 the horse-drawn tram to Mülheim was put into operation. In 1861, the Ernestine shaft began to be deepened from the third level. On December 17, 1858, the Graf Beust colliery joined the association for mining interests and was one of 15 founding members. In 1862 the 4th level was set in the Ernestine shaft at a depth of 252 meters (- 173 m above sea level). At that time the mine belonged to the Dortmund Upper Mining District and there to the Essen mining area . In 1864 the lease changed from Phönix AG for mining and smelting to the Friedrich Krupp company.
In 1865, the 5th level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 314 meters (- 235 m above sea level). In the same year the Ernestine field flooded and the field had to be dammed . A coking plant was put into operation the following year. The coking plant consisted of 70 coke ovens from the Otto system. In the same year, a hoisting machine was installed at shaft 1. The carrier was powered by steam . The piston had a diameter of 835 millimeters. The machine had an output of 380 hp and the machine had a bobbin as a cable carrier . In 1867 the Ernestine field was again mined. In 1868 the drilled weather shaft was thrown off . In May of 1870 a fire broke out for days , which developed into a pit fire . For this reason, the mine was closed until September 1st of the same year. In the same year, a German strut frame based on a design by Geisler was erected on Graf Beust 1 . This headframe was the second headframe in the entire Ruhr area. On December 21, 1871, the Graf Beust colliery was granted a mining permit in the Ernestine subfield. In 1878 a field swap was made with the mines Friedrich Ernestine and Queen Elisabeth . In 1884 a carbon copy was made for the Victoria Mathias and Friedrich Ernestine collieries. In the same year the lease with the Friedrich Krupp company expired and the Beust union took over the mine again.
Operation and other technical innovations
In 1893, mining began in the western field of the Friedrich Ernestine colliery. In the same year, the Graf Beust colliery joined the Rheinisch-Westphalian coal syndicate. In 1894 the Ernestine shaft was driven under on the 6th level. This year a mine ventilator from the company Pelzer was installed above ground. This fan sucked 2000 m 3 of waste air out of the mine building per hour . In 1895 the Ernestine shaft was penetrated with the 6th level. This year, some technical innovations were installed in daily operation. Shaft 2 received a new steam-powered hoisting machine. This machine was a compound machine with two cylinders, one high pressure cylinder and one low pressure cylinder. The high pressure cylinder had a diameter of 1042 millimeters, the low pressure cylinder a diameter of 1405 millimeters. The machine had an output of 550 hp. As a rope supports a used drum . In addition, a compressor with an output of 140 hp was installed to generate compressed air . This compressor could generate 2000 m 3 of compressed air per hour . A pumping system for drainage was installed on the 6th level. The pumps were driven by a compound machine with an output of 760 hp. The pump system could lift two cubic meters per minute. A separate, modern kaue was built for the miners and miners . In 1896 the Ernestine shaft became a production shaft and shaft 1 became a weather shaft. In the same year there was a breach in shaft 1 between the 4th level and the 5th level . The work-up work lasted three months. In the same year mining in the Ernestine field was ended. At the beginning of 1897, the Graf Beust union made several acquisitions. First of all, the title of the United Hope & Secretarius Aak colliery was acquired. In addition, the Neuwerk field adjoining the southern marrow sheath was acquired as well as part of the United Hagenbeck colliery . This colliery had previously been bought by the Rheinisch-Westfälischen Kohlen-Syndikat. As a result of these new acquisitions, the entire mine field of the Graf Beust colliery now had an area of three square kilometers. These new acquisitions also increased the mine’s syndicate index.
In 1898, shaft 1 was sunk down to the 7th level. From this year the tax due on the bill Victoria Mathias were for two years mine water on the drainage lifted Beust the bill count. Alignment of the 7th level began in 1899 . Around the turn of the century, parts of the field of the Friedrich Ernestine colliery in the east ( Essen-Stoppenberg ) were leased, as well as the Victoria Mathias colliery in the west ( Segeroth , now Essen-Nordviertel ) . In 1901, a mining contract was signed with Victoria Mathias. Due to this contract, Graf Beust was able to mine in the south field above the 6th level of Victoria Mathias. In the following year, the Ernestine shaft was penetrated with the 7th level. This year, a second compressor was installed above ground to generate compressed air. This compressor had an output of 228 hp and could generate 2400 m 3 of compressed air per hour . In 1903 the shaft was sunk further. In 1905 the sinking work of shaft 1 was continued. In the same year there was a strike at the Graf Beust colliery from January 11th to February 4th . In 1906 the 8th level was set at a depth of 628 meters (- 549 m above sea level). In 1908 a new pit fan was installed above ground. This fan sucked up to 5000 m 3 of weather from the mine building per minute . From this point on, the first pit fan was kept as a reserve fan. Both fans were driven by a single-cylinder engine with an output of 180 hp. A new drainage system was installed underground on the 8th level. The pumps in this dewatering system could lift up to five cubic meters of mine water per minute. The pumps were driven by electric motors. The total output of these engines was 1213 kilowatts . In 1910 the Ernestine shaft was pierced with the 8th level. At this time, the dismantling took place between the 5th level and the 8th level. In 1913, the sinking work for a blind shaft to the 9th level began on the 8th level . In the following year, the 9th level was set in the blind shaft at a depth of 789 meters (-710 m above sea level). In 1915 the Ernestine shaft was penetrated with the 9th level. In the same year coke production was stopped at the coking plant.
The last few years until the shutdown
In 1918, mining began on the 9th level. In 1921 a breakthrough was made on the 9th level with the Victoria Mathias colliery. On March 9 of the same year, the Graf Beust colliery was incorporated into RWE. On December 15th, the coking plant was put back into operation. In 1925 the coking plant was closed again and now for good. In 1928 the Ernestine field was mined. On February 28, 1929, the mine’s daytime facilities were shut down. The construction site with the shafts was taken over by the Victoria Mathias colliery. The uplift of the pit water from the two mines was carried out by Graf Beust's dewatering. Shaft 1 was initially still used as a weather shaft. Ernestine Shaft was used for the rope ride . On July 31, 1952, the Graf Beust union was dissolved. Their mining assets were combined with the Friedrich Ernestine union, which was also part of the former Stinnes family property, to form the Victoria Mathias union.
Promotion and workforce
The first production figures come from the year 1842, in that year 63,258 Prussian tons of hard coal were produced. The coals extracted from the mine were good, but fine, fatty coals that were used for gas production. In some cases, however, coal that was used as forge coal was also mined. In 1845 the production was 695,922 bushels of hard coal. The first known workforce numbers come from the year 1850, at that time 334 people were employed in the mine, which produced 59,138 tons of hard coal . In 1855 around 88,000 tons of hard coal were mined, the workforce was 530 employees. In 1860, with 566 employees, 93,926 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1862 421,556 Prussian tons of hard coal were mined. The workforce was 397. In 1865, the production was 101,724 tons of hard coal, there were 597 employees on the mine. In 1870, with 653 employees, 129,492 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1875 the production was 207,034 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 834 employees. In 1880 almost 201,000 tons of hard coal were mined and the workforce was 735.
In 1885, 134,821 tons of hard coal were mined, and 492 were employed in the mine. In 1890, with 493 employees, 142,015 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1895, the production was 223,912 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 880 employees. In 1900 the workforce had grown to 1,224 employees; 338,534 tons of hard coal were mined that year. In 1905, 360,238 tons of hard coal were mined with 1150 employees. By 1907, production rose to over 480,000 tons of hard coal. The workforce was 1365 this year. In 1910, 1456 employees produced 421,798 tons of hard coal. The maximum production of the mine was achieved in 1913. This year, 569,122 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 1,844. In 1920, 1,691 employees produced 360,692 tons of hard coal. In 1925, 366,404 tonnes of hard coal were extracted, and the workforce in that year was 1405. The last known production and workforce figures for the mine are from 1928, in that year 345,000 tons of hard coal were mined with 1,047 employees.
Current condition
The Graf Beust colliery was located in the immediate vicinity of what is now the new Essen town hall . Nothing has been preserved from the original development. The site houses the Ruhrbahn depot . Where the steam sawmill used to stand, a newly developed industrial park of the same name is reminiscent of the colliery site. The naming of the new Graf-Beust-Allee street also keeps the memory alive. Many pictures and utensils were also found in the Graf Beust brewery in downtown Essen, which closed in March 2009. Furthermore, a late administration building from 1926, which the Graf Beust union had built, is now a listed building on Söllingstrasse.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
- ^ A b c H. Fleck, E. Hartwig: History, statistics and technology of hard coal in Germany and other countries in Europe . R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1865
- ↑ a b c d e f Hans Spethmann: The first small marls in the Ruhr area. Essen and Lübeck 1947
- ↑ The early mining of the Ruhr (last accessed on July 12, 2016)
- ^ A b c d e f Paul Neubaur: Mathias Stinnes and his house. A century of development 1808-1908, printed by Jul.Bagel, Mülheim AD Ruhr 1909
- ↑ The coal of the Ruhr area . Compilation of the most important mines in the Ruhr coal mining area, specifying the quality of the coal mined, the rail connections, as well as the mining and freight rates. Second completely revised and completed edition, publishing bookstore of the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchhandlung, Cologne 1874
- ↑ Excerpt from the list of monuments of the city of Essen (PDF; 605 kB), accessed on January 5, 2017016