| year
|
Surname
|
developer
|
Influenced by
|
| 1946
|
Plank calculus
|
Konrad Zuse
|
-
|
| 1952
|
A-0
|
Grace Hopper
|
-
|
| 1954
|
Mark I autocode
|
Tony Brooker
|
-
|
| 1955
|
FLOW-MATIC
|
Grace Hopper
|
A-0
|
| 1957
|
Fortran
|
John W. Backus
|
A-0
|
| 1957
|
General Problem Solver
|
Allen Newell
|
-
|
| 1957
|
COMIT
|
Victor Yngve
|
-
|
| 1958
|
Algol 58
|
Members of ACM and GAMM
|
-
|
| 1958
|
Fortran II
|
|
Fortran
|
| 1959
|
Lisp
|
John McCarthy
|
-
|
| 1959
|
RPG
|
IBM
|
-
|
| 1959
|
JOVIAL
|
Jules Schwartz
|
Algol
|
| 1960
|
COBOL
|
Grace Hopper , CODASYL
|
FLOW-MATIC , FACT, COMTRAN
|
| 1960
|
Algol 60
|
John W. Backus , Peter Naur
|
Algol 58
|
| 1962
|
SNOBOL
|
David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold, and Ivan P. Polensky
|
COMIT
|
| 1962
|
APL
|
Kenneth E. Iverson
|
-
|
| 1962
|
PILOT
|
IBM
|
-
|
| 1963
|
CPL
|
Barron, Strachey
|
Algol 60
|
| 1964
|
JOSS
|
|
Algol 58
|
| 1964
|
PL / I
|
IBM
|
Fortran , Algol 60
|
| 1964
|
BASIC
|
John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz
|
-
|
| 1965
|
Fortran IV
|
ANSI X3.4.3-1965
|
Fortran II
|
| 1965
|
Simula
|
Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard at Norsk Regnesentral
|
Algol 60
|
| 1966
|
Algol W
|
Niklaus Wirth
|
Algol 60
|
| 1966
|
Fortran 66
|
ANSI X3.9-1966
|
Fortran IV
|
| 1966
|
logo
|
Seymour Papert
|
Lisp
|
| 1966
|
BCPL
|
Martin Richards
|
CPL
|
| 1967
|
SNOBOL4
|
Bell Laboratories
|
SNOBOL3
|
| 1967
|
MUMPS
|
Massachusetts General Hospital
|
-
|
| 1967
|
Simula 67
|
Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard
|
Simula
|
| 1968
|
POP-1
|
Rod Burstall, Robin Popplestone
|
COWSEL
|
| 1968
|
REFAL
|
Valentin Turchin
|
-
|
| 1968
|
Algol 68
|
Adriaan van Wijngaarden , Koster, Mailloux, Peck
|
Algol 60
|
| 1970
|
POP-2
|
|
POP-1
|
| 1970
|
B.
|
Ken Thompson
|
BCPL
|
| 1970
|
Forth
|
Charles H. Moore
|
-
|
| 1970
|
PEARL
|
AEG , BBC , Siemens AG and GfK Karlsruhe (today Karlsruhe Institute of Technology )
|
Algol 60 , PL / I
|
| 1970
|
Icon
|
University of Arizona
|
Algol 60 , SNOBOL 4
|
| 1971
|
Pascal
|
Niklaus Wirth , Kathleen Jensen
|
Algol 58
|
| 1972
|
Small talk 72
|
Xerox PARC
|
Simula 67
|
| 1972
|
C.
|
Dennis Ritchie
|
B , BCPL , Algol 60
|
| 1972
|
INTERCAL
|
Don Woods , James Lyons
|
-
|
| 1972
|
prolog
|
Alain Colmerauer
|
-
|
| 1973
|
COMAL
|
Børge Christensen, Benedict Løfstedt
|
Pascal , BASIC
|
| 1973
|
ML
|
Robin Milner , University of Edinburgh
|
-
|
| 1974
|
ELAN
|
TU Berlin
|
Algol 68
|
| 1974
|
GRASS
|
Tom DeFanti
|
BASIC
|
| 1975
|
Scheme
|
Guy Lewis Steele Jr. , Gerald Jay Sussman
|
Lisp , ALGOL
|
| 1976
|
Ratfor
|
Brian W. Kernighan
|
C , Fortran
|
| 1976
|
S.
|
John Chambers ( Bell Labs )
|
C , APL , PPL, Scheme
|
| 1977
|
Matlab
|
Cleve Moler
|
LINPACK , ice pack
|
| 1977
|
FP
|
John W. Backus
|
-
|
| 1977
|
Bourne Shell ( sh )
|
Stephen R. Bourne
|
-
|
| 1978
|
Fortran 77
|
ANSI X3.9-1978
|
Fortran IV
|
| 1978
|
awk
|
Alfred V. Aho , Peter J. Weinberger , Brian W. Kernighan
|
-
|
| 1978
|
Modula-2
|
Niklaus Wirth
|
Pascal
|
| 1978
|
STOIC
|
Jonathan Sachs
|
Forth
|
| 1979
|
VULCAN, dBASE -II
|
Wayne Ratliff
|
-
|
| 1980
|
Small talk 80
|
|
Small talk 72
|
| 1980
|
Ada
|
Jean Ichbiah and Honeywell Bull
|
-
|
| 1981
|
BASICA
|
Microsoft
|
BASIC
|
| 1982
|
PostScript
|
Adobe Inc.
|
Forth
|
| 1982
|
REXX
|
Michael F. Cowlishaw
|
PL / I
|
| 1983
|
GW-BASIC
|
Microsoft
|
BASICA
|
| 1983
|
Turbo Pascal
|
Hejlsberg is different
|
Pascal
|
| 1983
|
Objective-C
|
Brad Cox
|
C , small talk
|
| 1983
|
C ++
|
Bjarne Stroustrup
|
C , Simula 67, Algol 68
|
| 1983
|
beta
|
Bruun-Kristensen, Apprentice Madsen, Møller-Pedersen, Nygaard
|
Simula 67
|
| 1983
|
Ada 83
|
|
Green
|
| 1983
|
ABAP
|
SAP SE
|
COBOL
|
| 1984
|
Common Lisp
|
Guy L. Steele Jr. , Scott E. Fahlman , Richard P. Gabriel, David A. Moon, Daniel L. Weinreb
|
Lisp Machine Lisp, Maclisp , Interlisp, Scheme
|
| 1984
|
Clipper
|
Nantucket
|
dBASE
|
| 1984
|
Foxpro
|
Fox software
|
dBASE
|
| 1985
|
PARADOX
|
Borland
|
dBASE
|
| 1985
|
Occam
|
INMOS Ltd.
|
-
|
| 1985
|
Miranda
|
David Turner
|
Sasl, KRC
|
| 1985
|
Modula-2 +
|
DEC Systems Research Center
|
Modula-2
|
| 1985
|
QuickBASIC
|
Microsoft
|
GW-BASIC
|
| 1986
|
Eiffel
|
Bertrand Meyer
|
Simula , OOP
|
| 1987
|
HyperCard
|
Apple
|
-
|
| 1987
|
SQL -1
|
|
-
|
| 1987
|
Pearl
|
Larry Wall
|
awk , sed , C , Shell
|
| 1988
|
LPC
|
Lars Pensjö
|
C.
|
| 1988
|
SDL
|
|
-
|
| 1988
|
dBASE IV
|
|
dBASE III
|
| 1988
|
Erlang
|
Joe Armstrong et al. Ericsson
|
LOTS
|
| 1988
|
Tcl
|
John Ousterhout
|
awk , Lisp
|
| 1988
|
Oberon
|
Niklaus Wirth
|
Modula-2
|
| 1989
|
ANSI C (C89)
|
|
C , Algol 68
|
| 1989
|
Turbo Pascal + OOP
|
Borland
|
Turbo Pascal
|
| 1990
|
Component Pascal
|
Oberon microsystems
|
Oberon
|
| 1990
|
J
|
Ken Iverson and Roger Hui
|
APL
|
| 1990
|
Haskell
|
|
Miranda
|
| 1990
|
Objective CAML
|
INRIA
|
ML
|
| 1991
|
Fortran 90
|
ISO / IEC 1539: 1991
|
Fortran 77
|
| 1991
|
Sather
|
Steve Omohundro, Gerhard Goos
|
Eiffel
|
| 1991
|
Modula-3
|
DEC and Olivetti
|
Modula-2 +
|
| 1991
|
python
|
Guido van Rossum
|
ABC , Modula-3
|
| 1991
|
Q (1991)
|
Albert Graf
|
-
|
| 1991
|
Visual Basic Classic
|
Microsoft
|
BASIC
|
| 1991
|
QBasic
|
Microsoft
|
QuickBASIC
|
| 1991
|
Blitz Basic
|
Mark Sibly
|
BASIC
|
| 1991
|
PL / SQL
|
Oracle
|
COBOL , PL / I , Ada
|
| 1992
|
SQL -2
|
|
SQL
|
| 1992
|
SDL 92
|
|
SDL
|
| 1992
|
Borland Pascal
|
|
Turbo Pascal + OOP
|
| 1992
|
Profane
|
Roland G. Hülsmann
|
-
|
| 1993
|
NewtonScript
|
Apple
|
Self
|
| 1993
|
AppleScript
|
Apple
|
HyperCard
|
| 1993
|
Lua
|
Roberto Ierusalimschy
|
Pascal , Scheme
|
| 1993
|
dBASE 5.0
|
|
dBASE IV
|
| 1993
|
Amiga E
|
Wouter van Oortmerssen
|
DEX, C , Modula-2
|
| 1993
|
R.
|
Ross Ihaka, Robert Gentleman
|
S , Scheme
|
| 1994
|
ANSI Common Lisp
|
|
Common Lisp
|
| 1994
|
RPG IV
|
IBM
|
RPG
|
| 1994
|
pike
|
Hübinette
|
LPC
|
| 1995
|
Object Pascal
|
Borland
|
Borland Pascal
|
| 1995
|
Java
|
Sun Microsystems
|
Smalltalk , C ++ syntax
|
| 1995
|
Ada 95
|
|
Ada 83
|
| 1995
|
Ruby
|
Yukihiro Matsumoto
|
Small talk , Perl , Eiffel
|
| 1995
|
JavaScript
|
Brendan Eich at Netscape
|
Java, Self
|
| 1996
|
Mercury
|
Fergus Henderson, Thomas Conway and Zoltan Somogyi
|
Prologue, Haskell
|
| 1996
|
BUGS
|
David mirror holder
|
-
|
| 1996
|
Embedded C ++
|
Embedded C ++ Technical Committee (industrial consortium)
|
C ++
|
| 1996
|
VBScript
|
Microsoft
|
Visual Basic Classic
|
| 1997
|
Fortran 95
|
ISO / IEC 1539-1: 1997
|
Fortran 90
|
| 1997
|
PHP
|
Rasmus Lerdorf
|
C , pearl
|
| 1997
|
ECMAScript
|
ECMA TC39-TG1
|
JavaScript
|
| 1997
|
REBOL
|
Carl Sassenrath
|
Self , Forth , Lisp , Logo
|
| 1998
|
PureBasic
|
Frédéric Laboureur, Fantaisie Software
|
Blitz Basic
|
| 1998
|
ISO C ++ 98
|
|
C ++
|
| 1998
|
ActionScript
|
Gary Grossman, Adobe Inc.
|
JavaScript , Java
|
| 1999
|
ISO C 99
|
|
ISO C 95
|
| 1999
|
Gambas
|
Benoit Minisini
|
Visual Basic
|
| 1999
|
D.
|
Walter Bright
|
C.
|
| 2000
|
Joy
|
Manfred von Thun
|
FP, Forth
|
| 2000
|
C #
|
Microsoft
|
Java , C ++ , Object Pascal
|
| 2001
|
Scala
|
Martin Odersky
|
Java , Pizza , ML , Haskell , Smalltalk , Erlang
|
| 2002
|
Visual Basic .NET
|
Microsoft
|
Visual Basic Classic , Java , C #
|
| 2002
|
F #
|
Microsoft
|
Objective CAML , ML , C #
|
| 2003
|
Falcon
|
Giancarlo Niccolai
|
C ++ , Perl , Lua , Smalltalk , PHP , Lisp , Python , Ruby
|
| 2003
|
ISO C ++ 2003
|
|
ISO C ++ 98
|
| 2003
|
Boo
|
Rodrigo Barreto de Oliveira
|
python
|
| 2003
|
Factor
|
Slava Pestov
|
Joy, Forth , Lisp
|
| 2003
|
S2
|
Brad Fitzpatrick, Martin Atkins
|
Perl , C ++
|
| 2003
|
Nemerle
|
University of Wroclaw
|
C # , ML , MetaHaskell
|
| 2003
|
NGL
|
Ernst Herrera Legorreta
|
J, FL, K
|
| 2003
|
Q (2003)
|
Arthur Whitney
|
K, APL
|
| 2003
|
AngelScript
|
Andreas Jönsson
|
C , C ++
|
| 2003
|
Groovy
|
James Strachan
|
Java , Python , Ruby
|
| 2004
|
Fortran 2003
|
ISO / IEC 1539-1: 2004
|
Fortran 95
|
| 2004
|
FreeBASIC
|
V1ctor
|
QBasic
|
| 2004
|
BlitzMax
|
Blitz Research Labs
|
Blitz Basic
|
| 2005
|
Aleph
|
Rene Heuer
|
Java , Forth , Lisp
|
| 2005
|
Seed7
|
Thomas Mertes
|
Pascal , Modula-2 , Ada , Algol 68 , C , C ++ , Java
|
| 2005
|
Fantom
|
Brian Frank, Andy Frank
|
C # , Java , Scala , Ruby , Erlang
|
| 2006
|
Vala
|
Jürg Billeter, Raffaele Sandrini
|
C, C ++, C #, Java
|
| 2007
|
Ada 2005
|
Ada Rapporteur Group
|
Ada 95
|
| 2007
|
Scratch
|
Mitchel Resnick , John Maloney, Natalie Rusk, Evelyn Eastmond, Tammy Stern, Amon Millner, Jay Silver, and Brian Silverman
|
Logo , Smalltalk , Squeak , Etoys , HyperCard , AgentSheets, StarLogo, Tweak, Snap! / BYOB
|
| 2008
|
genius
|
Jamie McCracken
|
Python , Boo , D , Object Pascal
|
| 2008
|
Pure
|
Albert Graf
|
Q (1991)
|
| 2008
|
Fortress
|
Guy L. Steele, Jr.
|
Fortran , Scala , Standard ML , Haskell
|
| 2008
|
Nim
|
Andreas Rumpf
|
Object Pascal , Oberon , C ++ , Modula-3 , Ada , Lisp , Python
|
| 2008
|
Arc
|
Paul Graham
|
Lisp
|
| 2009
|
CoffeeScript
|
Jeremy Ashkenas
|
JavaScript , Ruby , Python , Haskell
|
| 2009
|
Go
|
Google Inc. , Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike , Ken Thompson
|
C.
|
| 2010
|
Chapel
|
Brad Camberlain , Cray
|
HPF , ZPL
|
| 2010
|
Rust
|
Graydon Hoare , Mozilla
|
Alef , C ++ , Erlang , Hermes , Limbo , Napier , Newsqueak , Sather , Standard ML
|
| 2011
|
Ceylon
|
Gavin King, Red Hat
|
Smalltalk , ML , Java
|
| 2011
|
Darts
|
Google Inc. , The Dart Team
|
JavaScript , Scala , Smalltalk , Strongtalk , C # , Erlang
|
| 2011
|
Elm
|
Evan Czaplicki
|
Haskell , Standard ML , OCaml , F #
|
| 2011
|
Kotlin
|
JetBrains
|
Java , Scala , C # , Groovy , Gosu
|
| 2011
|
ISO C ++ 2011
|
|
ISO C ++ 2003
|
| 2012
|
TypeScript
|
Microsoft
|
JavaScript
|
| 2012
|
Julia
|
Jeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral B. Shah, Alan Edelman
|
Matlab , Scheme , Lisp , ML , Cecil , Dylan , PyPy , Ruby
|
| 2014
|
Swift
|
Apple
|
Objective-C , Rust , Haskell , Ruby , Python , C # , CLU
|
| 2014
|
Babelsberg / R
|
Tim Felgentreff, Alan Borning, Robert Hirschfeld, Maria Graber (Hasso Plattner Institute of the University of Potsdam)
|
Ruby
|
| 2014
|
Hack
|
Julien Verlaguet, Alok Menghrajani, Facebook Inc.
|
PHP , OCaml , Java , C # , Scala , Haskell
|
| 2016
|
Simit
|
WITH
|
|
| 2017
|
Q #
|
Microsoft
|
Q # , F #
|
| 2019
|
Bosque
|
Microsoft
|
Typescript (syntax), F #
|
