The Fugitive (1963 TV series)

The Fugitive is an American television series produced by QM Productions and United Artists Television that aired on ABC from 1963-1967. David Janssen starred as Dr. Richard Kimble, an innocent man from the fictional town of Stafford, Indiana, who was falsely convicted of his wife's murder and given the death penalty. En route to death row, Kimble's train derailed and crashed, allowing him to escape and begin a cross-country search for the real killer, a "one-armed man" (played by Bill Raisch). At the same time, Dr. Kimble was hounded by the authorities, most notably by Stafford Police Lieutenant Philip Gerard (Barry Morse).

The Fugitive aired for four seasons, and a total of 120 episodes were produced. The first three seasons were filmed in black and white, while the final season was in color.

Origins

The series was conceived by Roy Huggins and produced by Quinn Martin. It is generally believed that the series was inspired by the Sam Sheppard case of the 1950s, in which the wife of Cleveland osteopathic physician Sam Sheppard was brutally murdered in their home; Sheppard maintained she had been killed by an intruder, was found guilty, appealed against this judgment to the Supreme Court, and was finally acquitted, having by that point served years in prison. (Huggins, however, steadfastly denied that the Sheppard case had any role in his creation of the show).

The concept of a series focusing on a lead character who was constantly on the move, on the run for a crime he did not commit, proved to be perfect for television programming. While shows like Route 66 had employed the same anthology-like premise of wanderers finding adventure in each new place they came to, The Fugitive answered two questions that had bedeviled many similar series: "Why doesn't the protagonist settle down somewhere?" and "Why is the protagonist trying to solve these problems himself instead of calling in the police?" The Fugitive's premise answered these questions, and numerous other television series have imitated it, with the twists being mostly in the nature of the fugitives: a scientist with a monstrous alter ego (The Incredible Hulk,1978); a husband and wife (Hot Pursuit, 1984); a young man afflicted with lycanthropy (Werewolf, 1987); a group of ex-US Army Special Forces accused of a crime they didn't commit (The A-Team, 1983); and even a German shepherd (Run, Joe, Run, 1974).

In its debut season, The Fugitive was the 28th highest rated show in the US (with a 21.7 Rating), and it jumped to 5th in its second season (27.9). It fell out of the top 30 during the last two seasons, however, the show's finale became the most watched TV episode ever to that time.

The show also came away with other honours. In 1965, Alan Armer, the producer and head writer of the series, received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for his work. And in a 1993 ranking, TV Guide named The Fugitive the best dramatic series of the 1960s.

Characters

Dr. Richard Kimble

The series lead, and the only character seen in all 120 episodes, was Dr. Richard Kimble (Janssen).

A respected small-town Indiana pediatrician, it was generally known around Stafford that Richard and his wife Helen had been having arguments prior to her death. Helen's pregnancy had ended in a miscarriage, and this event had also apparently rendered her infertile. The couple was devastated, but Helen refused to consider adopting children as Richard wanted. The night of Helen's murder, the Kimbles were heard arguing heatedly over this topic by their neighbours. Richard later went out for a drive to cool off; as he was returning home, he briefly glimpsed a one-armed man fleeing from his house. He then entered his home to find that Helen had been killed. No-one had seen or heard Dr. Kimble go out for his drive, and he was convicted of Helen's murder.

After his escape from custody, Kimble moved from town to town, always trying to remain unobtrusive and unnoticed as he searched for the one-armed man while also trying to evade police capture. He usually adopted a nondescript alias and toiled at low-paying menial jobs (i.e. jobs that required no ID or security checks) in order to survive. Though Kimble tried to keep a low profile, circumstances often conspired to place him in positions where he would be forced to risk capture in order to help a deserving person he had met in his travels.

Fred Johnson, The One-Armed Man

Like Kimble, the one-armed man (Raisch) used a variety of aliases while on the run - in the episode "A Clean And Quiet Town" he is credited as "Steve Kramer" while in "The Ivy Maze" he poses as "Carl Stoker." He went by the name Fred Johnson in several episodes, notably "Escape Into Black," "Wife Killer" (where it is found he had donated blood for some money and wrote down his real name on a Red Cross card) and the two-part series finale "The Judgement." Thus it is generally regarded as his "real" identity by fans of the show. Rarely seen (appearing in person in only nine episodes and also in a photograph in the episode "The Breaking Of The Habit" with Eileen Heckart), the shadowy Johnson was a drifter who was both crafty and almost superhumanly strong.

Lt. Philip Gerard

While Johnson was being pursued by Kimble, Kimble was being pursued by the relentless police detective Lt. Philip Gerard (Morse). A formidably intelligent family man and a dedicated public servant, Gerard made for an interesting anti-hero. While his utter devotion to tracking down someone he believed to be a cold-blooded murderer made him thoroughly admirable, his unrelenting pursuit of an innocent man made him equally detestable.

Morse did portray Gerard as a man duty-bound to capture Kimble, but who did appear to have some doubts as to his guilt, something the shrewder screenwriters seemed to pick up. In one episode, when a woman witness remarks that Kimble killed his wife, Gerard simply replies "The law says so", with a tone of doubt in his voice (though in "Wife Killer" he did state with certainty that the one-armed man did not exist and that Kimble was guilty, though this was presumably more to intimidate newspaper editor Herb Malone (Kevin McCarthy) than out of complete and utter conviction).

The angle of Gerard being gnawed by doubt about Kimble's guilt was augmented as Kimble rescues Gerard in episodes such as "Never Wave Goodbye," "Corner Of Hell," "Ill Wind," and "The Evil Men Do"; "Evil" in particular played on the respect that had developed between the two men when Gerard is pursued by a Mob hitman who was rescued from a runaway horse by Kimble; Kimble rescues Gerard from the hitman, and in their dialogue Gerard makes clear he knows Kimble didn't hire a hitman.

In "Nemesis", Kimble unintentionally kidnaps Gerard's young son Philip Junior (played by 12-year-old star-to-be Kurt Russell). Though as concerned as any father should be, Gerard is confident that Kimble will not do his boy any real harm. After his experience with Kimble, Philip Junior questions whether or not he is guilty and his father openly admits that it is possible that he was wrong, but it changes nothing in that Kimble has to be brought in.

The doubt that gnaws at Gerard about Kimble's guilt begins to get the best of him in "The Judgement, Part One" (early on he tells LA Police Lt. Ralph Lee (Joseph Campanella), "I've lost a lot of things these last four years, starting with a prisoner the State told me to guard.") when he interrogates Johnson and finds discrepencies in his story, to where he grabs Johnson and demands to know if he killed Helen Kimble. Later he captures Kimble, but in arresting him he actually apologizes to him for performing his duty ("I'm sorry. You just ran out of time") - building on the twin themes of Kimble's respect for Gerard and also his exhaustion with running, Kimble makes no effort to escape here.

There are parallels to be seen between Gerard's pursuit of Kimble and the pursuit of Jean Valjean by Inspector Javert in Les Miserables, though Javert never let go of his obsession to follow the letter of the law and hunt down his fugitive, even killing himself when he could not reconcile the justice Valjean dishes out. Gerard, on the other hand, was portrayed externally as a man like Javert, willing to even risk his own loyal followers to catch his man, but internally was more of a thinking man who could balance justice and duty.

According to some of those who worked on the show, these parallels were not coincidental. Stanford Whitmore, who wrote the pilot episode "Fear in a Desert City," says that he deliberately gave Kimble's nemesis a similar-sounding name to see if anyone would recognize the similarity between 'Gerard' and 'Javert'. One who recognized the similarity was Morse; he pointed out the connection to Quinn Martin, who admitted that The Fugitive was a "sort of modern rendition of the outline of Les Misérables." Morse accordingly went back to the Victor Hugo novel and studied the portrayal of Javert, to find ways to make the character more complex than the "conventional 'Hollywood dick'" Gerard had originally been conceived as. "I've always thought that we in the arts ... are all 'shoplifters,'" Morse said. "Everybody, from Shakespeare onwards and downwards ... But once you've acknowledged that ... when you set out on a shoplifting expedition, you go always to Cartier's, and never to Woolworth's!"

Others

William Conrad provided voice-over narration for each episode. Kimble's murdered wife Helen was portrayed in flashbacks in several episodes by Diane Brewster; in the episode "The Girl From Little Egypt" flashbacks illustrate the actual murder and circumstances surrounding it. Also seen very occasionally were Kimble's married sister, Donna Taft (Jacqueline Scott); and Gerard's superior at the Stafford police department, Captain Carpenter (Paul Birch). Only the character of Richard Kimble is present onscreen in every episode; off-screen narrator Conrad is also heard at the beginning and end of each episode, while a separate voice, the announcer, speaks the title of the episode and the names of the episode's guest stars in the opening teaser. This uncredited announcer (played by Hank Simms) also says, "The Fugitive" aloud at the end of the closing credits. Quinn Martin's previous show, The Untouchables, also contained both a narrator (Walter Winchell) and an announcer.

Gerard directly appears in only thirty-eight episodes (though his image appears in the series' opening credits every week) and Fred Johnson is seen in only nine episodes though he appears in the opening credits beginning with the show's second season. He appeared only twice in the show's first season and one time apiece in the second and third seasons, but appeared in six fourth-season episodes, a reflection of new producer Wilton Schiller's desire to steer the show toward a more action-oriented direction.

The 120 episodes of The Fugitive offered a who's who of Hollywood character actors and upcoming talent. Many guest stars reappeared in multiple episodes. For the devoted viewer, this offered the entertaining fun of guessing whether a particular reappearance by an actor would represent a character who would aid Kimble or seek to turn him in. Mel Proctor's book, The Official Fan's Guide to The Fugitive, lists all the actors and their episode numbers as Appendix 5. It is a daunting list of accomplished, well-known talent.

Musical score

Series creator Huggins insisted that Janssen star, Quinn Martin produce and Pete Rugolo compose the music for The Fugitive. All the original music used for the series was composed by Rugolo and recorded in London before the series was filmed. In fact, many episodes had Rugolo as the sole credited composer for the episode's scores. However, only a fraction of all the music heard throughout the series was original Rugolo music. As was the practice for the times, library music (either from other classic TV shows or from stock music libraries, as was the case with The Adventures of Superman) provided a majority of the episodes' scores. For example, a keen listener could find himself listening to a cue from the Outer Limits series during the climactic final episode of The Fugitive. The old pop songs, "I'll Never Smile Again" and "I'll Remember April" each appear several times in the series, often associated with Kimble's deceased wife, Helen.

What little original melody was actually written and recorded was built around a fast-paced tempo representing running music. Different variations, from sad to action-oriented, would be used, with many arrangements developed for the music supervisor to select as best suited for particular scenes. There was also an original "Dragnet"-type theme for Lt. Gerard.

A soundtrack issue containing the key music Rugolo wrote and recorded for the series is now available on CD from Silva Screen Records. About 40 minutes in length, this CD contains mono yet hi-fidelity cuts and cues that were recorded in London.

Final episode

The final episode of the series aired on Tuesday, August 29, 1967, with the conclusion of a two-part episode titled, "The Judgment." In the episode, Dr. Kimble has been captured by Gerard in Los Angeles and is being transported back to Indiana. During the lengthy train trip, Kimble persuades the detective to provide him one final opportunity to catch Johnson.

The clue he follows is a bail bond slip allegedly signed by Kimble's brother-in-law, Leonard Taft. In fact, the bond was signed by a previously-unseen neighbor, Lloyd Chandler (J.D. Cannon), a war hero who was at the house the night of the murder. Rather than stop the killer, Chandler had cowered in fear, and is now being blackmailed by the killer. Kimble and Gerard discover this and head to an abandoned amusement park, where Kimble has a dramatic confrontation on a carnival tower with Johnson. This segment was filmed at Pacific Ocean Park in Santa Monica. In the struggle, Johnson gains the upper hand and is about to kill Kimble, forcing Gerard to shoot him dead from long range with a rifle. Afterwards, Chandler finally admits what happened that night, thus allowing Kimble to finally be cleared of charges. In the final scene of the episode and the series, an exonerated Kimble shakes hands with Gerard while leaving a courthouse and walks off toward his new life, as narrator Conrad intones: "Tuesday, August 29: The day the running stopped."The final episode on August 29, in some parts of the country was interuped for the World Series game. "The Judgement, part 2, was show the following week, delaying the start of the World series game. The William Conrad voice over was changed to "Tuesday, September 5, The day the running stopped".

Until the November 21, 1980 "Who Shot J.R." episode of Dallas, this episode was the highest-rated series television program ever. In 1983, the final episode of M*A*S*H, "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen," topped both programs.

Legacy

The theme of one or more people on the run, criss-crossing America and getting involved in the personal lives of the people they meet, has become the basis of many similar TV shows.

These have included:

• The A-Team
• Alias Smith and Jones
• Hot Pursuit
• The Incredible Hulk (in this case the pursuer is a reporter)
• The Invaders (made by the same people who made The Fugitive, but this time the hero David Vincent is more of a pursuer than a man pursued)
• Kung Fu
• The Pretender
• Prison Break
• Renegade
• Runaway
• Run, Joe, Run
• Starman
• Two
• Werewolf
• Quantum Leap (although in this case the man is not on the run, he bounces about in time getting involved with and solving people's problems)

1993 film

Main article: The Fugitive (1993 film)

The Fugitive, a feature film based on the series, was released in 1993, starring Harrison Ford as Kimble, Tommy Lee Jones as Gerard (now named "Samuel" instead of "Philip" and a U.S. Marshal rather than a police lieutenant) and Andreas Katsulas as the one-armed man (now called Fred Sykes instead of Fred Johnson). Some believe this movie and its success may have started the Hollywood trend of the 1990s for remaking old television series as feature films. However, many feel that the movie stayed true to its source material, and at times exaggerated it. In particular, the script portrays Kimble as a man so good that he chooses to help others even when it poses a danger to his liberty or to his physical safety.

Barry Morse did have a cameo role in the film, (where he sees Harrison Ford and starts to chase him), but it was cut out of the theatrical release of the movie.

Gerard and his team of Marshals returned in the film U.S. Marshals, played by the same actors. Even though it was not a sequel, it had a similar plotline of an innocent man evading police to prove his innocence.

To coincide with the theatrical release, NBC aired the show's first and last episodes in the summer of 1993.

2000 TV remake

A short-lived TV series remake (CBS, 2000-2001) of the same name also aired, filmed in Everett, Washington starring Tim Daly as Kimble, Mykelti Williamson as Gerard, and Stephen Lang as the one-armed man. CBS canceled the series after one season with a total of 22 episodes. It's interesting to note, however, that this was the very first lead in show to another CBS show, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (which ran after The Fugitive on Friday nights), which became a massive hit when it debuted in the same year.

Home Video

Prior to home video, "The Fugitive" was part of the original lineup on the "Arts & Entertainment Network", commonly known as A&E, beginning in 1984. It ran until the summer of 1993. The show appeared briefly on the "TV Land" network in 2000 before disappearing from cable tv altogether.

A total of 42 episodes have been released on home video (VHS) by NuVentures Video. Of these, 12 episodes were also released on laserdisc.

Currently, Republic Pictures and CBS Paramount Television own the rights to the series; CBS DVD (with distribution by Paramount Home Entertainment) released Season 1, Volume 1 on DVD in Region 1 on August 14th, 2007 for the very first time. Reviews of the first DVD set have been very positive as the show appears uncut and uncompressed, re-mastered from the original negatives and magnetic soundtrack, although a disclaimer by CBS mentions some episodes are "edited from their original broadcast versions" and some music changed for home video. There are no subtitles or alternate languages, and the "liner notes" consist merely of TV-Guide-style episode synposi inside the four-disc holder.

DVD Name	Ep #	Release Date
Season 1, Volume 1	15	August 14, 2007

Spoofs and parodies

Spoofs and parodies of The Fugitive appeared in many TV shows and movies, including Alf, The Simpsons, Get Smart ("Don't Look Back"), It's Garry Shandling's Show and the film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back. On Late Night With David Letterman, Chris Elliott played the eponymous character in a skit called "The Fugitive Guy."

MAD magazine published a satire called "The Phewgitive" in its 89th issue (September 1964).

In one episode of the 2000 TV series remake, titled "DrRichardKimble.com," there is a scene that shows a series of wanted posters. One of the posters is a cameo of none other than Dr. Sam Sheppard, the Ohio physician who was imprisoned for killing his wife in 1954 and who most people believe was the real life inspiration for the TV series.

David Lynch included a one-armed man in Twin Peaks as an homage to Fred Johnson. The one-armed man's name is Phillip Michael Gerard, a reference to Lieutenant Philip Gerard in The Fugitive. [1] Ironically, CBS now owns the rights to both Twin Peaks and The Fugitive.

External links

• The Fugitive (1963) at IMDb
• The Fugitive (1993 movie) at IMDb
• The Fugitive (2000) at IMDb
• Encyclopedia of Television
• Full episodes of The Fugitive (2000) free from AOL Video