Walsall

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Walsall
Population174,994 
OS grid referenceSP0198
• London124.1m
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWALSALL
Postcode districtWS1
PoliceWest Midlands
FireWest Midlands
AmbulanceWest Midlands
List of places
UK
England
West Midlands

Walsall (pronunciationⓘ) is a large industrial town in the West Midlands of England. It is located northwest of Birmingham and east of Wolverhampton. Historically part of Staffordshire, Walsall is a component area of the West Midlands conurbation, and is sometimes described as part of the Black Country.

Walsall is the administrative headquarters of the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall. In the 2001 census, the town had a population of 170,994 with the surrounding borough having a population of 253,500. Neighbouring towns in the borough include Willenhall, Bloxwich and Aldridge.

History

The name Walsall is thought to have derived from the words "Walh halh", meaning "valley of the Celtic speakers" (referring to the Celts). Walsall is first referenced as 'Walesho' in a document dated 1002, however it is not referenced in the Domesday Book. Although, it is believed that a manor was held here by William FitzAnsculf, who held numerous manors in the Midlands.[1] By the first part of the 13th century, Walsall was a small market town, with the weekly market being introduced in 1220 and held on Tuesdays.[2] The Mayor of Walsall was created as a political position in the 14th century. Walsall is known as "the town of a hundred trades". (This appellation is a nod to the fact that nearby Birmingham is known as "the city of a thousand trades". Though at the time considerably smaller, Birmingham's growth to size larger than Walsall due to the adoption of a main railway line.)

The town was visited by Queen Elizabeth I, when it was known as 'Walshale'.[2] It was also visited by Henrietta Maria in 1643. She stayed in the town for one night at a building named the 'White Hart' in the area of Caldmore.[3] Queen Mary's Grammar School was founded by Mary I of England in 1554, and the school carries the Queen's personal badge as its emblem: the Tudor Rose and the sheaf of arrows of Catherine of Aragon tied with a Staffordshire knot.

The Industrial Revolution changed Walsall from a village of 2,000 people in the 16th century to a town of over 86,000 in approximately 200 years. The town manufactured a wide range of products including saddles, chains, buckles and plated ware. Nearby, limestone quarrying provided the town with much prosperity.[4]

In 1821, St. Matthews Church was demolished with exception of the tower and chancel and replaced at a cost of £20,000[4] to a design by Francis Godwin.[5] In 1824, the Walsall Corporation received an Act of Parliament to improve the town by providing lighting and a gas works. The gas works were built in 1826 at a cost of £4,000. In 1825, the Corporation built eleven tiled, brick almshouses for poor women. They were known to the area as 'Molesley's Almshouses'.[6]

The 'Walsall Improvement and Market Act' was passed in 1848 and amended in 1850. The Act provided facilities for the poor, improving and extending the sewerage system and giving the commissioners the powers to construct a new gas works.[7] On October 10, 1847, a gas explosion killed one person and destroyed the west window of St Matthews Church.[8]

It is a local story, although perhaps not accurate, that Walsall declined a railway line, which was later given to Birmingham, now the United Kingdom's second largest city. Walsall finally received a railway line in 1847, 48 years after canals reached the town. In 1855, Walsall's first newspaper, the Walsall Courier and South Staffordshire Gazette, was published.

Walsall underwent modernisation in the 1970s with a new town centre being built at the expense of some very old but good quality medieval properties. In 1974, Walsall was transferred from the county of Staffordshire to form the metropolitan county of the West Midlands. Walsall is currently undergoing a new era of urban regeneration with many brownfield being replaced with modern houses, apartments and offices.

Construction is underway of St Matthew's Quarters. A new Asda store has already opened and when completed St Matthew's Quarters will also include brand shops and modern apartments. Walsall College will be moving to a new site within the town centre whilst on the old site Tesco will be building a new 100,00 sq ft shopping complex.

The traditional market of Walsall

The other plans are to redevelop Old Square Shopping Centre to make it much bigger and connect it to St Matthew's Quarters. The 800 year-old Historic Market also has a new vision for the 21st century. It will be moved lower down towards the town centre, making it more accessible along with up to date new-style stalls. The Historic Market will work alongside the new developments ensuring Walsall's future.

Geography

A local landmark is Barr Beacon, which is reportedly the highest point following its latitude eastwards until the Ural Mountains of Russia. There was a plaque on the summit attesting to this, although it has been repeatedly stolen. The soil of Walsall consists of mainly of clay and there areas of limestone, which were quarried during the Industrial Revolution.[9]

Districts

Economy

Walsall has had many industries, from coal mining to metal working including Willenhalls locks, but in the late 19th century the coal mines ran dry, and Walsall became internationally famous for the leather trade. Walsall still manufactures the Queen's handbags, and Walsall leather products have been found as far afield as Italy. Walsall is the traditional home of the English saddle manufacture industry, hence the nickname of Walsall Football Club, The Saddlers. Apart from leather goods, other industries in Walsall include iron and brass founding, limestone quarrying, small hardware, plastics, electronics, chemicals, and aircraft parts.

Walsall has always been overshadowed by its larger neighbours Birmingham and Wolverhampton. However its proximity in Central England and the fact that the M6 runs through the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall has increased its investment appeal. A RAC centre is located by J9 and there are now plans to redevelop derelict land in Darlaston and turn them into a state-of-the-art regional hub. Between Bloxwich and Walsall there is a business corridor where TK Maxx has recently opened a regional depot. Currently established businesses include Homeserve plc and South Staffordshire Water.

Education

Walsall is home to the University of Wolverhampton's Sports and Art Campus. Walsall College provides further education, and is based around three sites across Walsall. There are ten secular junior schools and two religious junior schools in Walsall. 45% of pupils in the Borough of Walsall achieved five GCSEs with grades of A*-C, below the national average of 56%.[10]

Infant schools

Independent schools

Comprehensive secondary schools

Grammar schools

Private schools

Transport

Walsall Bus Station, is made up of two smaller bus stations, Bradford Place and St Pauls. Services from St Paul's leave Walsall in many directions; there are services south-east to Birmingham; west to Wolverhampton, Willenhall and Bloxwich; north to Cannock and Brownhills; and east to Sutton Coldfield and Aldridge, with many to the latter. In addition, more infrequent services to Lichfield are run. St Paul's is also home to the Walsall Information Centre. Bradford Place operates buses mainly to the south and south-west, to West Bromwich, Oldbury, Dudley and Stourbridge. There are also numerous shorter bus routes which give the town centre a link to housing estates including Alumwell, Beechdale, Chuckery, Park Hall and the Mossley Estate.

Walsall railway station is a busy railway station; services operate to Birmingham, Shrewsbury via Wolverhampton, and Stafford. Between 1850 and 1964, Walsall also had direct passenger train links with Wednesbury, Tipton, Dudley, Brierley Hill and Stourbridge to the South and Lichfield to the North, but these services were withdrawn due to the Beeching Axe which saw passenger services completely removed from the South Staffordshire line between Lichfield and Stourbridge (via Walsall). The Walsall end of the Southern part of the line (towards Stourbridge) is situated at Bescot Junction, and remained open until 19 March, 1993, when the line between Walsall and Brierley Hill closed to through traffic. It is set to re-open in the early 2010s as a single track freight line, allowing for the second phase of the Midland Metro which will run between Wednesbury and Brierley Hill.

Walsall is served by the A454 and the M6 for road travel. There are three junction on the motorway from which Walsall can be accessed from: M6 J7, M6 J9 and M6 J10. The stretch between these junctions is one of the busiest in Europe.

Facilities and culture

Arboretum and illuminations

Walsall Arboretum was officially opened on May 4, 1874 by the wealthy Hatherton family. It was hoped that the park would provide "a healthy change from dogfights, bull-baiting and cockfights", however the 2d (old pence) admission was not popular with the public and within seven years the council took over ownership to provide free admission.[11]

Over the years the Arboretum has seen many events and changes, including the beginnings of the Walsall Arboretum Illuminations as an annual event in 1951.[12]

Originally white bulbs in trees for courting couples in the autumn, in the 1960s and 1970s, the lights were purchased second hand from Blackpool Illuminations, but over the years they were increasingly made "in house" and are now all made in house.

The Illuminations have up to sixty thousand bulbs and they need year-round planning.[13] Although the event had attracted an estimated 250,000 people in 1995, lack of growth beyond this figure has raised the prospect of major redevelopment.[14]

Art galleries

New Art Gallery Walsall

The New Art Gallery Walsall opened in 2000. It contains a large number of works by Jacob Epstein as well as works by Van Gogh, Monet, Turner, Renoir and Constable. The large gallery space is host to many contemporary exhibitions from locally, nationally and internationally recognised artists all throughout the year. The Art Gallery runs a range of different exhibitions. Major British contemporary artists such as Gavin Turk have exhibited there and international artist Joana Vasconcalis from Portugal is about to have her first British exhibition. Historic art displays such as Goyas Dispartes are shown along side of the Garman Ryan Collection with contemporary interventions from the galleries Permanent Collections making an appearance among the older works.

The Discovery gallery is designed for families and children of all ages. It is an interactive space containing major art works and a large variety of interactive pieces designed to engage people of all ages with the art on display. The interactive theme is continued in the Garman Ryan Galleries and often in the exhibition spaces too.

Public art

The refurbished Sister Dora statue stands outside the Lloyds TSB building at the crossing between Park Street and Bridge Street. Opposite this, stood an infamous concrete hippo.[15] It has since been moved to a corner in the square and has been replaced by a water fountain.

Sports

Walsall's football club, Walsall F.C., The Saddlers, was founded in 1888 when Walsall Town F.C. and Walsall Swifts F.C. merged. They won their first game against Aston Villa F.C.. The club currently play in Football League One and are managed by Richard Money.

Walsall also has a cricket club, Walsall Cricket Club who won Birmingham League Premier Division in 2006.

Walsall RUFC is Walsall's rugby union team who are currently competing in Midlands Division One. Despite the club finishing in the bottom half, the team has ambitions to return to the professional Division 3N.

Walsall Hockey Club currently play in Midlands League 1 and are managed by Sir Mark Grundy.

Walsall was home to a horse racing course. The Grand Stand was constructed in 1809 at a cost of £1,300 on a piece of land donated by the Earl of Bradford on a lease of 99 years. Soon after completion, one of the lower compartments was converted into a billiards room which contained a table donated by Lord Chichester Spencer of Fisherwick Park. Throughout the 19th century, races were held annually at the course on Michaelmas.[16]

Shopping

In 1809, a market house was constructed at the end of the high street, on the site of the market cross, for the sale of poultry, eggs, butter, and dairy products. The building was demolished in 1852 along with other buildings that had fallen into disrepair.[17] A pig market was constructed in the town in 1815 on the high street. At its peak, the market would handle the sale of 2,000 pigs per day.[18] In 1847, the Corporation tried to construct a new market hall on the 'Bowling Green', to the rear of the Dragon Inn. The scheme proposed to use a large amount of public money to construct the hall. Shopkeepers feared that their businesses would be affected and demonstrations were held across the town against the proposals. The demonstrations forced the plans to be shelved.[7]

Park Street remains Walsall's main shopping high street with Bridge Street cutting through the middle to host two average-sized indoor shopping centres at opposite ends; 'The Old Square' and 'Bradford Mall' formerly known as the 'Saddlers Centre'. The recent development known as 'Crown Retail Park' is host to larger scale shops including the first non-food Asda store. Other redevelopments include that of the former 'Quasar Centre' now known as 'Park Place'. The Broadwalk Retail Park is also located within Walsall.

The area around the New Art Gallery Walsall is soon to be redeveloped into a huge shopping area coined 'The Waterfront' designed by architect Will Alsop (architect of the internationally recognised Peckham Library) with space available for restaurants, cafés and a new hotel.

Opinion

Walsall was rated the 'Unhappiest Town' in the country, in a poll by Yorkshire based First Direct.[19] According to the survey, only 49% of the population claimed to be happy.

The town has also been accused of being 'The ugliest place in the world', and like 'Ceaucescu's Romania with fast food outlets' by Theodore Dalrymple, in The New Criterion.[20]

Famous residents

Twin towns

References

  1. ^ Edward Lees Glew (1856). History of the Borough and Foreign of Walsall. J.R. Robinson. p. 3.
  2. ^ a b Arthur Freeling (1838). Freeling's Grand Junction Railway Companion to Liverpool, Manchester, and Birmingham. p. 125.
  3. ^ Edward Lees Glew (1856). History of the Borough and Foreign of Walsall. J.R. Robinson. p. 9.
  4. ^ a b Arthur Freeling (1838). Freeling's Grand Junction Railway Companion to Liverpool, Manchester, and Birmingham. p. 126.
  5. ^ Edward Lees Glew (1856). History of the Borough and Foreign of Walsall. J.R. Robinson. p. 20.
  6. ^ Edward Lees Glew (1856). History of the Borough and Foreign of Walsall. J.R. Robinson. p. 28.
  7. ^ a b Edward Lees Glew (1856). History of the Borough and Foreign of Walsall. J.R. Robinson. p. 15.
  8. ^ Edward Lees Glew (1856). History of the Borough and Foreign of Walsall. J.R. Robinson. p. 21.
  9. ^ Edward Lees Glew (1856). History of the Borough and Foreign of Walsall. J.R. Robinson. p. 5.
  10. ^ "National Statistics".
  11. ^ "Walsall Virtual Arboretum". Walsall MBC.
  12. ^ "Walsall Illuminations 2006". Walsall MBC.
  13. ^ "Walsall Illuminations 2005". BBC.
  14. ^ "Final chance for Illuminations". Express and Star.
  15. ^ Geoff Harvey (2004). Rivals: The Off-Beat Guide to the 92 League Clubs. Aesculus Press Ltd. p. 178. ISBN 190432813X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Edward Lees Glew (1856). History of the Borough and Foreign of Walsall. J.R. Robinson. pp. 30–31.
  17. ^ Edward Lees Glew (1856). History of the Borough and Foreign of Walsall. J.R. Robinson. p. 16.
  18. ^ Edward Lees Glew (1856). History of the Borough and Foreign of Walsall. J.R. Robinson. p. 17.
  19. ^ "First Direct Survey". 999 Today.
  20. ^ "Walsall rejects 'ugliest town in world' tag". The BBC.
  21. ^ "Comic creator: John Byrne". URL retrieved 25 July 2006.
  22. ^ "Charlie Lloyd's Pilot". Paw Village Database.

External links

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