Mutiny and Rajinikanth: Difference between pages
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{{Infobox actor |
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{{otheruses}} |
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| name = Rajinikanth |
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| image = rajini.jpg |
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| caption = |
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| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1950|12|12}}<ref name=BioData>{{cite web |title='Even more acclaim will come his way' - Times of India |
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|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Bangalore/Even_more_acclaim_will_come_his_way/articleshow/2178985.cms |accessdate=2008-07-10 }}</ref> |
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| birthplace =[[Karnataka]], [[India]] |
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| birthname = Shivaji Rao Gaekwad |
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| othername = Rajni, superstar, ''Thalaivar'' |
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| occupation = Actor |
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| yearsactive = 1975-present |
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| filmfareawards = '''[[Filmfare Best Actor Award (Tamil)|Best Actor]]'''<br>''[[Nallavanuku Nallavan]]'' (1984) |
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| awards = '''[[Kalaimamani]]''' (1984)<br>'''[[Padmabhushan]]''' (2000)<br>'''[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor|Tamil Nadu State Best Actor]]''' (1995)<br>'''[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor|Tamil Nadu State Best Actor]]''' (1999)<br>'''[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor|Tamil Nadu State Best Actor]]''' (2005)<br>'''[[Reliance Communications|Reliance Mobile]] Favourite Hero''' (2008)<br>'''[[NDTV]] Entertainer of the Year''' (2007) |
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| spouse = Latha Rajinikanth |
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| children = Aishwarya Dhanush<br>[[Soundarya Rajinikanth]] |
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| parents = Ramojirao Gaekwad, Jijabai |
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| website = http://www.rajinifans.com |
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}} |
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'''Rajinikanth''' ({{lang-kn|ರಜನೀಕಾಂತ್}}; {{lang-mr|रजनीकांत}}; {{lang-ta|ரஜினிகாந்த்}}) (born '''Shivaji Rao Gaekwad''', [[December 12]], [[1950]]<ref name=BioData/>) is one of the most influential and bankable [[movie stars]] in the [[Tamil film industry]]. Rajnikanth's mass popularity and appeal is largely drawn from his mannerisms and stylized delivery of dialogue. He received India's third highest honour, the [[Padma Bhushan]], for his contribution to Indian cinema.<ref name="CivilIndiaAwards">{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/awar2000.htm|title=Civilian Awards announced on January 26, 2000|accessdate=2007-04-20|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|language=Tamil}}</ref> Apart from his film career, he has is also a well known philanthropist and also serves as a notable political influence. Other than acting, Rajinikanth worked as a [[screenwriter]], [[film producer]] and also a [[playback singer]]. |
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'''Mutiny''' is a [[conspiracy (crime)|conspiracy]] among members of a group of similarly-situated individuals (typically members of the [[military]]; or the [[crew]] of any ship, even if they are civilians) to openly oppose, change or overthrow an existing authority. The term is commonly used for a [[rebellion]] among members of the military against their superior officer(s). |
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Popularily referred to and credited in films as [[superstar]] and fondly called as "''thalaivar''" (meaning leader in Tamil), Rajinikanth debuted in Tamil films in [[1975]] under the direction of [[K. Balachander]] in supporting roles. He was later favoured in portraying antagonistic characters and gradually rose to acting in lead roles. Being a well known film artist to all regional film industries of India, he also appeared in the cinemas of other nations, including [[Hollywood]]. He was reportedly paid Rs. 26 crores (about $6.25 million [[USD]]) for his latest blockbuster ''[[Sivaji: The Boss]]''<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/features/showfeatures.asp?slug=Rajnikanth+highest+paid+actor+in+India&Id=1525 Superstar: Rajnikanth highest paid actor in India-NDTV.com]</ref>, making him the highest paid actor in Asia after [[Jackie Chan]].<ref>[http://www.ibnlive.com/news/rajnikanth-rules-at-rs-15-cr-a-film/13623-8.html Superstar: Rajnikanth second highest paid actor ASIA in CNN IBN] </ref> |
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During the [[Age of Discovery]], mutiny particularly meant open rebellion against a ship’s [[Captain (nautical)|captain]]. This occurred, for example, during [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan’s]] journey, resulting in the killing of one mutineer, the [[Capital punishment|execution]] of another and the [[marooning]] of two others, and on [[Henry Hudson]]’s ''Discovery'', resulting in Hudson and others being set adrift in a boat. |
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== |
==Early life== |
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Most countries still punish mutiny with particularly harsh penalties, sometimes even the [[Capital punishment|death penalty]]. Mutiny is typically thought of only in a shipboard context, but many countries’ laws make no such distinction, and there have been notable mutinies on land (see below). |
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[[Image:AchayaPatashala Uppi'sSchool2.JPG|right|250px|thumb|''Acharya Patashala''. The school Rajinikanth attended in [[Bangalore]].]] |
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==Particular countries== |
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===United Kingdom=== |
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In the [[United Kingdom]], until 1689 mutiny was regulated by ''[[Articles of War]]'', instituted by the monarch and effective only in a period of war. In 1689, the first ''Mutiny Act'' was passed, passing the responsibility to enforce discipline within the military to [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]]. The ''Mutiny Act'', altered in 1803, and the ''Articles of War'' defined the nature and punishment of mutiny, until the latter were replaced by the ''Army Discipline and Regulation Act'' in 1879. This, in turn, was replaced by the ''Army Act'' in 1881. |
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Rajinikanth was born in a Maratha family in [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. He was the fourth child of his parents, Jijabai and Ramojirao Gaekwad.<ref name=BioData/> He was named Shivajirao Gaekwad. [[Gaekwad]] is a family name among the Marathas. He lost his mother at the age of five. His residence was located at Hanumantha Nagar in Bangalore. He did his schooling at the Acharya Paathshala in Bangalore (N.R.Colony) and then at the Vivekananda Balaka Sangha. Rajinikanth struggled a lot during his early age because of poverty. Although his mother-tongue is [[Marathi language|Marathi]],<ref name="Rajini-History">does not speak nor understand Marathi. He spoke [[Kannada]] at home.[http://www.rajinikanth.com/history.htm Rajinikanth-History]</ref><ref>[http://www.tamilnow.com/achievers/article.php?id=1 Tamilnow achievers]</ref> he has not acted in any [[Marathi cinema|Marathi movies]] yet. |
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Today the [[Armed Forces Act 2006|Army Act 1955]] defines mutiny as follows:[http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&Year=1955&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&parentActiveTextDocId=2675303&ActiveTextDocId=2675343&filesize=4221] |
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He began working doing various jobs in [[Bangalore]]. He also attended a theatre for stage plays. Before starting his career in the film industry, He used to practice stunts at Hanumantha Guda (Rama Hanuman Temple) at a hill near his house. He then primarily worked as a [[bus conductor]] for the [[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation]] in Bangalore.<ref name="conductor">{{cite web | url = http://ia.rediff.com/movies/2007/jun/13ssraj.htm | title = Meet the bus driver Rajni worked with | publisher = Rediff.com | date= [[June 13]], [[2007]] | accessdate = 2007-06-14}}</ref> It was during this time that he nurtured his acting interests by performing in various stage plays.<ref name="conductor"/> |
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{{cquote|..."mutiny" means a combination between two or more persons subject to service law, or between persons two at least of whom are subject to service law—<br> |
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:(a) to overthrow or resist lawful authority in Her Majesty’s forces or any forces co-operating therewithor in any part of any of the said forces, |
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:(b) to disobey such authority in such circumstances as to make the disobedience subversive of discipline,or with the object of avoiding any duty or service against, or in connection with operations against, the enemy, or |
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:(c) to impede the performance of any duty or service in Her Majesty’s forces or in any forces co-operating therewith or in any part of any of the said forces.}} |
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He married Latha on [[February 26]], [[1981]], at the age of 31 in [[Tirumala - Tirupati|Tirupati]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and they have two children: Aishwarya and [[Soundarya Rajinikanth]]. Latha currently runs a school named The Ashram. His elder daughter Aishwariya married actor [[Dhanush]] on [[November 18]], [[2004]] and they have one son, Yathra.<ref>{{cite web | title = Rajinikanthʼs grandson Yanthra| url = http://in.movies.yahoo.com/061122/125/69m20.html | publisher = Yahoo India Movies | accessdate = | 2007-05-16 }}</ref> His second daughter, [[Soundarya Rajinikanth]], works as a [[film director]], [[film production|producer]] and [[graphic designer]] for feature films. |
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The same definition applies in the [[Royal Navy]] and [[Royal Air Force]]. |
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==Acting career== |
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The military law of England in early times existed, like the forces to which it applied, in a period of war only. Troops were raised for a particular service, and were disbanded upon the cessation of hostilities. The crown, by prerogative, made laws known as ''Articles of War'', for the government and discipline of the troops while thus embodied and serving. Except for the punishment of desertion, which was made a [[felony]] by statute in the reign of [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], these ordinances or Articles of War remained almost the sole authority for the enforcement of discipline until 1689, when the first ''Mutiny Act'' was passed and the military forces of the crown were brought under the direct control of parliament. Even the Parliamentary forces in the time of [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] and [[Oliver Cromwell]] were governed, not by an act of the legislature, but by articles of war similar to those issued by the king and authorized by an ordinance of the Lords and Commons, exercising in that respect the sovereign prerogative. This power of law-making by prerogative was however held to be applicable during a state of actual war only, and attempts to exercise it in time of peace were ineffectual. Subject to this limitation it existed for considerably more than a century after the passing of the first Mutiny Act. |
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He joined the Madras Film institute in 1973 with the help of his friend Raj Bahadur, a fellow Bus driver and completed a basic course in acting. In the film institute he was helped by his fellow student [[Chiranjeevi]] and the Vice Principal A. Prabhakaran.<ref name="RajiniFansPast">{{Cite web|url=http://rajinifans.com/history/Part05.asp|title=Rajini's History (Part 5)|accessdate=2007-04-20|publisher=Rajinifans|language=Tamil}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.rajinifans.com/detailview.php?title=613 Superstar in CBSE School Book - Rajinifans.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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From 1689 to 1803, although in peace time the Mutiny Act was occasionally suffered to expire, a statutory power was given to the crown to make Articles of War to operate in the colonies and elsewhere beyond the seas in the same manner as those made by prerogative operated in time of war. |
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Rajinikanth has acted in a total 173 movies, which includes [[Kollywood|Tamil]], [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]], [[Tollywood|Telugu]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]], [[Bollywood|Hindi]], [[Hollywood|English]] and [[Bengali cinema|Bengali]] films. Rajinikanth made a foray into Bollywood with ''[[Andha Kanoon]]'' but did not make as much of an impact as he had in the south. He still appeared a few films in Hindi, such as ''[[Chaalbaaz]]'' with [[Sridevi]], ''Uttar Dakshin'', ''[[Geraftaar]]'' and ''[[Hum]]''. He made his [[Hollywood]] debut with the movie ''[[Bloodstone (film)|Bloodstone]]'' in 1988 with much fanfare in India at the time of its release. However, the movie failed in the United States. He also made brief stints in [[Cinema of Germany|German-]] and [[Cinema of Japan|Japanese film industries]]. His film ''[[Muthu]]'' was dubbed into [[Japanese language|Japanese]] and later turned out to become a major hit in the country, ultimately creating a huge [[Japanese people|Japanese]] fan-following for Rajni. In [[2005]], his film ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' was dubbed in [[German language|German]] and released in all [[German language|German-]]speaking nations. |
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In 1715, in consequence of the rebellion, this power was created in respect of the forces in the kingdom, but apart from and in no respect affected the principle acknowledged all this time that the crown of its mere prerogative could make laws for the government of the army in foreign countries in time of war. |
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=== Debut and rise: 1975-1979 === |
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The Mutiny Act of 1803 effected a great constitutional change in this respect: the power of the crown to make any Articles of War became altogether statutory, and the prerogative merged in the act of parliament. The [[Mutiny Act 1873]] was passed in this manner. |
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Rajinikanth's first film was in [[Tamil cinema]], where he was initially cast in supporting roles, debuting as a cancer patient in ''[[Apoorva Raagangal]]'' in [[1975 in film|1975]].<ref name="Filmography">[[Rajinikanth filmography]]</ref> The film was directed by [[K. Balachander]], who is constantly referred to by Rajinikanth as his own guru or mentor. The following year, Rajinikanth acted in his first [[Kannada]] film, [[Katha Sangama]], directed by [[Puttanna Kanagal]]. Though Rajinikanth refers to director K. Balachander as his "guru" or mentor, it was director S. P. Muthuraman who actually revamped Rajinikanth’s image entirely. Muthuraman first experimented with him in a positive role in ''[[Bhuvana Oru Kelvikkuri]]'' ([[1977 in film|1977]]), as a villain in the first half and a do-gooder in the second, accepting a woman with a child abandoned by her lover. Around this time ''[[Mullum Malarum]]'' (1978), directed by [[J. Mahendran]], established Rajinikanth in the Tamil film arena. The success of ''Bhuvana Oru Kelvikkuri'' prompted Muthuraman to make a mushy melodrama with Rajinikanth as a hero sacrificing everything for his siblings in ''[[Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai]]'' (1979). |
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These films were the turning points in Rajinikanth’s career — he changed from an actor who merely enthralled the audiences, to one who could also make them cry. The acceptance of Rajinikanth sans his mannerisms proved he had at last become a "star" from a "common actor." His film roles were mainly as a villain during the period 1975 to 1977, frequently with [[Kamal Haasan]] as the hero, in movies like ''[[16 Vayadhinilae]]'', ''[[Moondru Mudichu]]'' and ''[[Avargal]]''. |
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=== Gaining popularity: 1980-1989 === |
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So matters remained till 1879, when the last Mutiny Act was passed and the last Articles of War were promulgated. The Mutiny Act legislated for offenses in respect of which death or penal servitude could be awarded, and the Articles of War, while repeating those provisions of the act, constituted the direct authority for dealing with offenses for which imprisonment was the maximum punishment as well as with many matters relating to trial and procedure. |
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During this phase of his career when he was reaching dazzling heights, Rajinikanth abruptly chose to quit acting, but was coaxed back.<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=88218 'Yesterday I was a conductor, today I'm a star'<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <!-- Deleted image removed: -->He started again with ''[[Billa (1980 film)|Billa]]'', which was a remake of the blockbuster bollywood movie ''Don''. With its phenomenal success he was accepted as a full-fledged hero. ''Billa'' was followed by a row of hits like ''[[Murattukaalai]]'',''[[Pokkiri Raja]]'', ''[[Thanikattu Raja]]'', ''[[Naan Mahaan Alla]]'', ''Pudukavithai''<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadapalani The Movie climax was taken in a prominent school "Saraswathi Vidyalaya Matriculation School Vadapalani]</ref> <ref>[http://www.musicplug.in/songs.php?movieid=2001 The movie was a sensational love story with ever green hit song of Thiru Illayaraja "oru vellai pura ondru"] </ref> and ''[[Moondru Mugam]]''. K. Balachander’s first home production, ''[[Netrikan]]'' proved to be yet another milestone in Rajini’s career. . He even acted as himself alongside [[Meena]], who was a child actor then, in the movie ''[[Anbulla Rajinikanth]]'' (1984). More box-office hits dominated the 80's with ''[[Padikkadavan (1986 film)|Padikkathavan]], [[Thee]], [[Velaikaran]], [[Dharmathin Thalaivan]], [[Mr. Bharath]], and [[Maaveeran]]'', .<ref name="First Experience">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rajinikanth.com/first.htm|title= First Experience of Rajinikanth |accessdate=2007-10-29|publisher=Rajinikanth.com}}</ref> In his 100th movie, ''[[Sri Raghavendra]]'', he played the Hindu saint [[Raghavendra Swami]]. |
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=== The superstar decade: 1990-1999 === |
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The act and the articles were found not to harmonize in all respects. Their general arrangement was faulty, and their language sometimes obscure. In 1869 a royal commission recommended that both should be recast in a simple and intelligible shape. In 1878 a committee of the House of Commons endorsed this view and made recommendations as to how the task should be performed. In 1879 passed into law a measure consolidating in one act both the Mutiny Act and the Articles of War, and amending their provisions in certain important respects. This measure was called the Army Discipline and Regulation Act 1879. |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Misc. Still - Rajinikanth.jpg|right|thumb|Rajinikanth in [[Arunachalam]] (1997)]] --> |
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The vast majority of his movies released during the nineties were extremely successful, notably ''[[Thalapathy]]'', ''[[Mannan (film)|Mannan]]'', ''[[Annamalai (film)|Annamalai]]'', ''[[Uzhaippali]]'', ''[[Veera]]'', ''[[Basha (film)|Baasha]]'', ''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]'',<ref name="IndiaJanDay">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/15/stories/2006121506571400.htm|title= It's India-Japan Friendship Year|accessdate=2007-04-20|publisher=The Hindu|language=Tamil}}</ref>, ''[[Arunachalam]]'' and ''[[Padayappa]]''. Rajinikanth wrote his first screenplay for the film ''[[Valli (film)|Valli]]'' (1993). His cult classic ''[[Basha (film)|Baasha]]'', released in 1995, went on to become a massive blockbuster and is routinely touted by his fans and critics alike as the movie which elevated him from being just another very popular actor with loads of charisma to an almost demigod status in the eyes of the masses. His film ''[[Muthu]]'' was the first Tamil film to be dubbed into [[Japanese language|Japanese]] as ''Muthu: The Dancing Maharajah'' and became very popular in [[Japan]].<ref name="History">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rajinikanth.com/history.htm|title=RajiniKanth.com - History|accessdate=2007-04-20|publisher=RajiniKanth.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/01/06/stories/2002010601320900.htm| title= Rajnikanth casts spell on Japanese viewers | author = Gautaman Bhaskaran | publisher = The Hindu | date= [[January 6]], [[2002]] | accessdate = 2007-05-10}}</ref> Throughout this decade, Rajinikanth established himself as an unparalleled box office phenomenon; all of the films mentioned in this era were all formulaic mass entertainers which routinely created box office records. It can be argued that it was also during this time that Rajinikanth and the political world began to converge, whether that confluence was voluntary or not is debatable, but the objective fact cannot be disputed that as his films began to take on a whole new dimension in terms of expectations, hype and revenue, his political clout also steadily rose with the cinematic tide as well. This trend began with the release of ''[[Annamalai]]'' in 1992 and arguably climaxed during the time of ''[[Padayappa]]'s'' release in 1999. Being his 150th film, ''Padayappa'', directed by [[K. S. Ravikumar]], undoubtedly turned out to be the largest blockbuster in his career. |
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=== Indulging in politics: 2002 === |
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After one or two years experience finding room for improvement, it was superseded by the Army Act 1881, which hence formed the foundation and the main portion of the military law of England, containing a proviso saving the right of the crown to make Articles of War, but in such a manner as to render the power in effect a nullity by enacting that no crime made punishable by the act shall be otherwise punishable by such articles. As the punishment of every conceivable offence was provided, any articles made under the act could be no more than an empty formality having no practical effect. |
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The new millennium began very well for Rajinikanth; ''Padayappa'' had rewritten previous box office records. Finally, after more than a three year sabbatical from cinema, at 52 years of age, he starred in his home production, ''[[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]'', which released on [[August 15]], [[2002]] amidst much fanfare and extreme hype. The film failed miserably to meet the expectations due to a very weak screenplay, which Rajinikanth himself had written, his second stint at screenplay writing after ''[[Valli]]''. The thin screenplay revolved around the story about a gangster who later engages in spirituality and when compared to his previous film, ''Padayappa'', it was a colossal disappointment. Although the film grossed enough to cover its budget, it was viewed as a tremendous loss when compared to his previous box office successes throughout his career. It fell short of market expectations and the high bids reportedly translated to heavy losses for the distributors. It is fact that Rajinikanth himself repaid the losses incurred by the distributors who possessed immense faith in him.<ref>{{cite web | author = N Sathiya Moorthy | url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/may/03gv.htm | title = Film producer GV commits suicide | publisher = Rediff.com | date= [[May 3]], [[2003]] | accessdate = 2007-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author = Sudhish Kamath | title = Superstar wannabes | url = http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/05/12/stories/2004051200960100.htm | publisher = The Hindu: Metro Plus | date= [[May 12]], [[2004]] | accessdate = 2007-05-17}}</ref> Rajinikanth reported that he was going to retire from acting, hence he later took part in other political activities. |
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=== Making milestones: 2005-Present === |
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Thus the history of English military law up to 1879 may be divided into three periods, each having a distinct constitutional aspect: (I) prior to 1689, the army, being regarded as so many personal retainers of the sovereign rather than servants of the state, was mainly governed by the will of the sovereign; (2) between 1689 and 1803, the army, being recognized as a permanent force, was governed within the realm by statute and without it by the prerogative of the crown and (3) from 1803 to 1879, it was governed either directly by statute or by the sovereign under an authority derived from and defined and limited by statute. Although in 1879 the power of making Articles of War became in effect inoperative, the sovereign was empowered to make rules of procedure, having the force of law, to regulate the administration of the act in many matters formerly dealt with by the Articles of War. These rules, however, must not be inconsistent with the provisions of the Army Act itself, and must be laid before parliament immediately after they are made. Thus in 1879 the government and discipline of the army became for the first time completely subject either to the direct action or the close supervision of parliament. |
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After the ''[[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]'' debacle, Rajinikanth mulled over numerous scripts with many directors, including [[K.S. Ravikumar]], and finally chose to act in director [[P. Vasu]]'s Tamil remake of ''[[Manichithrathazhu]]'', ''[[Chandramukhi]]''. Many people within the industry had written Rajinikanth off after the ''[[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]'' fiasco, essentially saying "the bloom was off the rose" and that "the gold does not glitter anymore".<ref name="Will Sivaji be Rajini's biggest hit?">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jun/05msg.htm|title=Will Sivaji be Rajini's biggest hit?- History|accessdate=2007-05-06|publisher=Redeiff.com}}</ref> In essence, many viewed ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' as Rajinikanth's comeback film, his make or break movie and in the end, when it was released on [[April 14]], [[2005]], it went on to create new box office records and smashed his own previous records and once and for all removed any doubt within the industry with regards to Rajinikanth's box office clout and incomparable appeal to the masses.<ref> name="The Final Vedict">{{Cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=13736924|title=The Final Verdict - History|accessdate=2005-05-08|publisher=Movie Buzz}}</ref> Just after ''Chandramukhi's'' release, it was reported that [[AVM Productions]] were to produce a film directed by [[S. Shankar]] starring Rajinikanth, the largest collaboration yet for a Tamil film. The film was titled ''[[Sivaji (film)|Sivaji]]'' and released on [[June 15]], [[2007]] after two years of filming and meticulous production. With massive international anticipation, it subsequently went on to become a major blockbuster, being ranked among other major [[Bollywood]] and [[Hollywood]] releases of the year. ''Sivaji'' became the first Tamil movie to be charted as one of the top-ten best films of [[United Kingdom]] and [[South Africa]] box-offices upon release. |
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Following ''Sivaji'', Rajinikanth worked with P. Vasu again for ''[[Kuselan]]'', a remake of the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Kadha Parayumbol]]'', in which Rajinikanth was given only a cameo role. He acted as himself, a superstar in the Indian film industry, and as a best friend to the main character. ''Kuselan's'' release was large like all other films of his, including sales of promotional items such as [[M&M's]] ''Kuselan'' chocolates in the [[United States]] and ''Kuselan'' trading cards provided in Sunfeast Biscuit packages in [[India]]. Despite the mass hype prior to release, the film opened to below average reviews and critics later touted the film to have a weak storyline and screenplay. P. Vasu was also condemned for mentioning Rajinikanth as the hero of the film when he was seen in only a few scenes of the film as a cameo. Critics claimed that ''Kuselan'' was a film that taught everyone a lesson of filmmaking. Some distributors resulted in major losses due to the film, creating ''Kuselan's'' box office results similar to ''Baba''. <ref>http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/40636.html</ref> |
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A further notable change took place at the same time. The Mutiny Act had been brought into force on each occasion for one year only, in compliance with the constitutional theory: |
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<blockquote> |
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that the maintenance of a standing army in time of peace, unless with the consent of parliament, is against law. Each session therefore the text of the act had to be passed through both Houses clause by clause and line by line. The Army Act, on the other hand, is a fixed permanent code. But constitutional traditions are fully respected by the insertion in it of a section providing that it shall come into force only by virtue of an annual act of parliament. This annual act recites the illegality of a standing army in time of peace unless with the consent of parliament, and the necessity nevertheless of maintaining a certain number of land forces (exclusive of those serving in India) and a body of royal marine forces on shore, and of keeping them in exact discipline, and it brings into force the Army Act for one year. |
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</blockquote> |
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=== |
=== Upcoming films === |
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During the course of the production for ''[[Sivaji: The Boss|Sivaji]]'', Ocher Studios, the animation company of Rajinikanth's daughter [[Soundarya Rajinikanth]], in association with Adlabs announced their intention of producing a [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] animation film starring an animated version of Rajinikanth. He will be lending his voice to the lead character (based on his likeness) and the project is titled ''[[Sultan: The Warrior]]''; it will be directed by his daughter [[Soundarya Rajinikanth]] with music provided by [[A. R. Rahman]]. The movie is scheduled for a April 2009 release. Rajinikanth has also been signed to work with the ''[[Sivaji: The Boss|Sivaji]]'' team of [[S. Shankar]] and [[A. R. Rahman]] once again for another magnum opus, an alleged science fiction thriller tentatively entitled ''[[Endhiran]]''. [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]] will finally play opposite Rajinikanth as heroine for the first time; the film is touted to be the biggest and costliest film venture yet in India. It is being produced by [[Ayngaran International]] and [[Eros Labs]] and slated for theatrical release sometime in [[2010]]. |
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Until 1998 mutiny, and another offense of failing to suppress or report a mutiny, were each punishable with death.[http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&Year=1955&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&activeTextDocId=2675342&parentActiveTextDocId=2675303&showAllAttributes=1&hideCommentary=0&suppressWarning=0&versionNumber=1] Section 21(5) of the [[Human Rights Act 1998]] completely abolished the [[Capital punishment in the United Kingdom|death penalty in the United Kingdom]]. (Prior to this, the death penalty had already been abolished for murder, but it had remained in force for certain military offenses and treason, although no executions had been carried out for several decades.) This provision was not required by the [[European Convention on Human Rights]], since Protocol 6 of the Convention permitted the death penalty in time of war, and Protocol 13, which prohibits the death penalty for all circumstances, did not then exist. The [[UK government]] introduced section 21(5) as a late amendment in response to [[UK Parliament|parliamentary]] pressure. |
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[[A. R. Murugadoss]] has shown interest in directing Rajinikanth in his next feature film after ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]''.<ref>http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/40908.html</ref> It is also said that Rajinikanth had voluntarily came forth to be casted in Pyramid Saimira's next production, in order to compensate for the colossal flop of ''Kuselan''.<ref>http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/40971.html</ref> |
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===United States=== |
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The [[United States]]’ [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]] defines mutiny thus: |
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== Awards and honours == |
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<blockquote> |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:RajiniPrimeMinister.jpg|right|thumb|Receiving [[NDTV]] Entertainer of the Year 2007 Award from Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] in January 2008]] --> |
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:'''Art. 94. (§ 894.) Mutiny or Sedition.''' |
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Rajinikanth was named as one of the influential persons in South Asia by [[Asiaweek]].<ref>[http://entertainment.oneindia.in/celebrities/specials/rajinikanth-030407.html Actor Rajinikanth | Tamil Superstar | Indian Film Industry<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> He has won a [[Filmfare Best Actor Award (Tamil)|Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award]] for the film ''[[Nallavanuku Nallavan]]'' in [[1984]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Awards for RajiniKanth Movies |url=http://www.rajinikanth.com/awards.htm |accessdate=2007-04-05 }}</ref> Rajinikanth, despite these awards, has not yet received a [[National Film Award]]. |
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Between 1977 and 2005, Rajinikanth received several awards from [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]], Cinema Express, and Filmfans Association for his on-screen performances and off-screen contributions in writing and producing. He has received awards in the Best Actor category for his performance in the films ''[[Sivaji]], [[Chandramukhi]], [[Padayappa]], [[Peddarayudu]], [[Basha (film)|Baasha]], [[Muthu]], [[Annamalai]], [[Thalapathy]], [[Velaikaran]], [[Sri Raghavendra]], [[Nallavanuku Nallavan]], [[Moondru Mugam]], Engayo Ketta Kural, [[Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai]], [[Mullum Malarum]]'' and ''[[16 Vayathinile]]''. He received an award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for ''[[Bhuvana Oru Kelvi Kuri]]''. He has also received awards in Best Story Writer and Best Producer categories for ''[[Valli]]''. |
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:(a) Any person subject to this code (chapter) who— |
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::(1) with intent to usurp or override lawful military authority, refuses, in concert with any other person, to obey orders or otherwise do his duty or creates any violence or disturbance is guilty of mutiny; |
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He has also received other honours such as Raj Kapoor Award in 2007 from the Government of Maharashtra, and the high-honoured civilan award, [[Padma Bhushan]], in 2000<ref name="CivilIndiaAwards" /> from Government of India. In September 2007, Rajinikanth won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor]] for his role in the film ''[[Chandramukhi]]''. Recently, he was selected as the Indian Entertainer of the Year for 2007 by [[NDTV]], |
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::(2) with intent to cause the overthrow or destruction of lawful civil authority, creates, in concert with any other person, revolt, violence, or other disturbance against that authority is guilty of sedition; |
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beating out the likes of [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Shilpa Shetty]]. |
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::(3) fails to do his utmost to prevent and suppress a mutiny or sedition being committed in his presence, or fails to take all reasonable means to inform his superior commissioned officer or commanding officer of a mutiny or sedition which he knows or has reason to believe is taking place, is guilty of a failure to suppress or report a mutiny or sedition. |
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:(b) A person who is found guilty of attempted mutiny, mutiny, sedition, or failure to suppress or report a mutiny or sedition shall be punished by death or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct. |
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== Notable filmography == |
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</blockquote> |
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{{Main|Rajinikanth filmography}} |
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{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |
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|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" |
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! Year !! Title !! Role(s) !! Language !! Notes |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[1975]] || ''[[Apoorva Raagangal]]'' || Abaswaram || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[1976]] || ''[[Moondru Mudichu]]'' || || Tamil || |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[1977]] || ''[[16 Vayathinile]]'' || Parattai || Tamil || |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[1978]] || ''[[Mullum Malarum]]'' || Kali || Tamil || |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[1979]] || ''[[Ninaithale Inikkum]]'' || || Tamil || |
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|- |
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| rowspan="3"| [[1980]] || ''[[Billa (1980 film)|Billa]]'' || Billa,<br>Raja || Tamil || Portrayed a dual role |
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|- |
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| ''[[Johnny (1980 film)|Johnny]]'' || Johnny || Tamil || |
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|- |
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| ''[[Murattu Kalai]]'' || Kalaiyan || Tamil || |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2"| [[1981]] || ''[[Thee (film)|Thee]]'' || || Tamil || |
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|- |
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| ''[[Thillu Mullu]]'' || Indran,<br>Chandran || Tamil || Portrayed a dual role |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[1982]] || ''[[Moondru Mugam]]'' || Alex Pandian,<br>Arun,<br>John || Tamil|| Portrayed three roles |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[1984]] || ''[[Nallavanuku Nallavan]]'' || || Tamil || '''Winner''', [[Filmfare Best Actor Award (Tamil)|Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award]] |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[1985]] || ''[[Sri Raghavendra]]'' || [[Raghavendra Swami]] || Tamil || |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[1991]] || ''[[Thalapathi]]'' || Surya || Tamil|| |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[1992]] || ''[[Annamalai (film)|Annamalai]]'' || Annamalai || Tamil || |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2"| [[1995]] || ''[[Baasha (film)|Baasha]]'' || Manick Baasha || Tamil || |
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|- |
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| ''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]'' || Muthu,<br>Ejamaan || Tamil|| '''Winner,''' [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor]]<br>Portrayed a dual role |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[1999]] || ''[[Padayappa]]'' || Aaru Padayappan || Tamil || '''Winner,''' [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor]] |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[2005]] || ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' || Dr. Saravanan,<br>Vettaiyan || Tamil || '''Winner,''' [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor]]<br>Portrayed a dual role |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[2007]] || ''[[Sivaji: The Boss]]'' || Sivaji Arumugam || Tamil || |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[2009]] || ''[[Sultan: The Warrior]]'' || || Tamil|| Voice only<br>Filming |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1"| [[2010]] || ''[[Endhiran]]'' || || Tamil || Filming |
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|} |
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== Political influences == |
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Uniform Code of Military Justice, Art. 94; 10 U.S.C. § 894 (2004). |
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[[Image:Rajani.jpg|right|thumb|200px]] |
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U.S. military law requires obedience only to lawful orders. Disobedience to unlawful orders is the obligation of every member of the U.S. armed forces, a principle established by the [[Nuremberg Trials|Nuremberg trials]] and reaffirmed in the aftermath of the [[My Lai Massacre]]. However, a U.S. soldier who disobeys an order after deeming it unlawful will almost certainly be court-martialed to determine whether the disobedience was proper. In addition, simple refusal to obey is not mutiny, which requires collaboration or conspiracy to disobedience.<ref>Thus, the [[Port Chicago mutiny]], technically, was not mutiny at all.</ref> |
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In [[1995]] Rajinikanth announced that he is willing to support the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] after meeting Prime Minister [[Narasimha Rao]].<ref name="NewIndPress">[http://www.newindpress.com/sunday/sundayitems.asp?id=SEV20070615103833&eTitle=Focus&rLink=0 NewIndPress.com: The making of 'Sivaji']</ref> An opinion poll conducted by Kumudam magazine predicted that Congress with Rajinikanth support may win up to 130 seats in [[Tamil Nadu]] Assembly. In [[1996]], when the Congress Party decided to align with [[AIADMK]], Rajinikanth supported [[DMK]]-[[Tamil Maanila Congress|TMC]] alliance. The TMC used a bicycle as their election symbol and used an image of Rajinikanth riding a bicycle from the film ''Annamalai'' in their posters. Rajinikanth said, "Even God cannot save Tamil Nadu if AIADMK returns to power." Rajinikanth wholeheartedly supported the DMK and TMC alliance and asked the people of Tamil Nadu and his fans to vote for that alliance. This alliance had a complete victory in 1996<ref name="NewIndPress" /> |
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In [[1996]] Rajinikanth supported the DMK-TMC alliance in parliamentary elections.<ref>[http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/highlights/01-01-99/yearhig2.htm Dinakaran: Tamil Cinema 1998-Year Highlights (Part-2)]</ref> The television channel [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] broadcasted Rajini's speech throughout the day of the election in 1998 in which he spoke about the allaince of DMK and TMC in 1996. [[AIADMK]]-[[BJP]] alliance won around 30 out of 39 seats riding on sympathy wave generated by [[1998 Coimbatore bombings|Coimbatore bomb blasts]]. |
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==Famous mutinies== |
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===17th century=== |
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* '''''[[Batavia (ship)|Batavia]]''''' was a [[ship]] of the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC), built in 1628 in [[Amsterdam]], which was struck by mutiny and [[shipwreck]] during her [[maiden voyage]]. |
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* '''[[Corkbush Field mutiny]]''' occurred on 1647 and the [[Bishopsgate mutiny]] and [[Banbury mutiny]] of 1649 during the early stages the [[Second English Civil War]]. |
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===18th century=== |
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* '''[[HMS Hermione (1782)|HMS ''Hermione'']]''' was a 32-gun [[fifth-rate]] [[frigate]] of the [[Royal Navy|British Royal Navy]], launched in 1782, notorious for the mutiny which took place aboard her. |
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* '''[[Mutiny on the Bounty|Mutiny aboard HMS ''Bounty'']]''', a mutiny aboard a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Royal Navy]] ship in 1789 that has been made famous by several books and films. |
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* '''[[Spithead and Nore mutinies]]''' were two major mutinies by sailors of the [[Royal Navy|British Royal Navy]] in 1797 |
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In [[2002]] Rajinikanth undertook a day-long fast to protest Karnataka's decision to not to release Cauvery water to Tamilnadu.<ref>[http://in.news.yahoo.com/070614/211/6h0gw.html Yahoo! India News: Naidu calls Rajini to join Third Front]</ref> Announced that he would contribute 10 Million [[rupees]] towards interlinking of Indian rivers scheme.<ref>[http://rajinifans.com/tsunami/Index_English.php Rajinifans.com: Distribution of Tsunami Fund]</ref> He met Prime Minister [[Vajpayee]] and many experts to canvass support for Interlinking Indian rivers scheme. In [[2004]] Rajinikanth supported BJP-AIADMK alliance in Parliamentary elections and did not wholheartedly ask his fans and people to support that alliance.If he would have whole heartedly told the people and his fans to support BJP then defintely that year elections would have witneesed some changes in election results.<ref name="NewIndPress" /> and quoted [[PMK]]'s violence and [[BJP]]'s support to interlinking of Indian rivers<ref>[http://in.news.yahoo.com/040506/54/2cy3r.html]</ref> as reason for his support. But the alliance failed to win any seats. |
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===19th century=== |
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* The '''[[Indian rebellion of 1857]]''' was a period of armed uprising in [[India]] against [[United Kingdom|British]] colonial power, and was popularly remembered in Britain as the '''Indian Mutiny''' . |
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During the [[2008]] Hunger Strike organized by the Tamil film industry in support of the Hogenekkal drinking water project, he blasted Karnataka politicians over the water project. "I unequivocally condemn Karnataka for this reprehensible act of denying us what is rightfully ours. Those who are raising the issue are doing it for the elections. A national political party I respect is forcing me to wonder by its despicable acts whether there is (rule of law) in this country (guaranteed by) the Supreme Court and Who they will listen to." Without naming [[B.S. Yeddyurappa]], Rajni said "It was a cheap act by a leader of a big national party and an election gimmick. I do not approve it. The party’s (BJP) Tamil Nadu unit is keeping quiet", he added. Further, he appealed to the leaders like [[M. Karunanidhi]], [[H.D. Deve Gowda]], [[H.D. Kumaraswamy]], Yeddyurappa and [[Siddaramaiah]] and to not to flame up this issue for political gains. Rajinikanth requested the Tamil Nadu leaders including [[M. Karunanidhi]] that, this issue should be nipped in the bud. Rajini urged the Karnataka politicians to speak the 'Truth' and warned them that the people would teach them lesson if they continue to play with the issue for political gains. "People are equal to God. They cannot be fooled and will not remain silent if you continue to act in such manner", thundered the Superstar.<ref>[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/rajnikanth-blasts-karnataka-over-water-project_10034510.html » Rajnikanth blasts Karnataka over water project - Thaindian News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Leader of the Pro-Kannada group [[Karnataka Rakshana Vedike]] Vatal Nagaraj demanded an apology from Rajinikanth and threatened that he will not be allowed in the state of Karnataka and all his films will be boycotted for Rajinikanth's speech against Kannada politicians.<ref>[http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14638604 Karnataka groups demand apology]</ref> |
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* The [[USS Sharon|''Sharon'']], a New England whaler, was subject to multiple mass desertions, mutinies, and the murder and dismemberment of a cruel (and from the record, [[Psychopathy#Sociopathy|sociopathic]]) captain by four [[Polynesians]] who had been pressed into service on the ''Sharon''. |
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== Criticism == |
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* The brig [[USS Somers (1842)|''Somers'']] had a mutiny onboard right in her first voyage. The captain was relentless and the mutineers brutally paid for what they did. |
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In [[2002]], during Rajinikanth's own [[hunger strike]] for agitating the state of [[Karnataka]] to release [[Cauvery]] river water into [[Tamil Nadu]], another hunger strike was organized by other [[Tamil people|Tamil]] film actors and directors. Rajinikanth had yet continued with his own strike. This had led to serious criticism of Rajinikanth. Director [[Bharathi Raja]], who also condemned other actors and politicians of Tamil Nadu, had stated that Rajinikanth was on the verge of dividing the film industry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rally exposes politicised film industry |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/10/13/stories/2002101304130100.htm |date=2002-10-12 |accessdate=2007-04-05 }}</ref> |
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===20th century=== |
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* '''[[Battleship Potemkin uprising|Mutiny]] aboard the [[Russian battleship Potemkin|Russian battleship ''Potemkin'']]''', a rebellion of the crew against their oppressive officers in June of 1905 during the [[Russian Revolution of 1905]]. It was made famous by the film ''[[The Battleship Potemkin|The Battleship ''Potemkin'']]''. |
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* '''[[Curragh Incident]]''' of [[July 20]], [[1914]] occurred in the [[Curragh]], [[Ireland]], where [[British army|British soldiers]] protested against enforcement of the [[Home Rule Act 1914]]. |
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* '''[[French Army Mutinies (1917)|French Army mutinies]]''' in 1917. The failure of the [[Nivelle Offensive]] in April and May 1917 resulted in widespread mutiny in many units of the French Army. |
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* '''[[Wilhelmshaven mutiny]]''' broke out in the [[Germany|German]] [[High Seas Fleet]] on [[29 October]] [[1918]]. The mutiny was one of the factors leading to the end of the [[First World War]], to the collapse of the Monarchy and to the establishment of the [[Weimar Republic]]. |
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* '''[[Black Sea mutiny (1919)]]''' by crews aboard the French dreadnoughts - ''Jean Bart'' and ''France'' - sent to assist the White Russians in the [[Russian Civil War]]. The ringleaders (including [[André Marty]] and [[Charles Tillon]]) received long prison sentences. |
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* '''[[Kronstadt rebellion]]''' was an unsuccessful uprising of Soviet sailors, led by [[Stepan Petrichenko]], against the government of the early [[Russian SFSR]] in the first weeks of March in 1921. It proved to be the last major rebellion against [[Bolshevik]] rule. |
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* '''[[Invergordon Mutiny]]''' was an [[industrial action]] by around a thousand [[sailor]]s in the [[British Atlantic Fleet]], that took place on 15-[[16 September]] [[1931]]. For two days, ships of the [[Royal Navy]] at [[Invergordon]] were in open mutiny, in one of the few military strikes in [[United Kingdom|British]] history. |
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* '''[[Cocos Islands Mutiny]]''' was a failed mutiny by [[Sri Lanka]]n servicemen on the [[British Empire|then-British]] [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]] during the [[Second World War]]. |
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* '''[[Port Chicago mutiny]]''' on [[August 9]] [[1944]], three weeks after the Port Chicago disaster, 258 out of the 320 African-American sailors in the ordinance battalion refused to load any ammunition.<ref>Though the sailors were convicted of mutiny, there is some question there was conspiracy, a prerequisite of mutiny, rather than simple refusal to obey a lawful order.</ref> |
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*'''[[Sonderborg Denmark mutiny]]''' on [[May 5]], [[1945]] German sailors took over German minesweeper {M612} the day before; arrested and 11 executed. See [http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=87839]. |
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Also in 2002, [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] leader [[S. Ramadoss]] condemned him for smoking and posing with [[beedi]]'s in his film ''[[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]''. He was criticised for spoiling Tamil youth by glorifying smoking and drinking. PMK volunteers attacked theatres which screened the movie ''Baba'' and usurped film rolls and burnt it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajini keeps everyone guessing |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/Mar232004/n7.asp |date=2004-03-23 |accessdate=2007-04-05 }}</ref> Famous film producers like [[M. Saravanan]] accused Ramadoss saying that cigarette smoking and drinking are shown in all movies and that ''Baba'' was just being "picked on" by the PMK leader because of his popularity in [[Vanniar]] areas which is considered PMK bastion.{{Fact|date=May 2007}} To stop the controversies, Rajinikanth announced that in his future films, he won't act in scenes involving him smoking or drinking. In keeping with his words, he did not include a single scene of smoking or drinking in his thereafter. |
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===After World War II=== |
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* '''[[Post-World War II demobilization strikes]]''' occurred within [[Allies of World War II|Allied military forces]] stationed across the [[Middle East]], [[India]] and [[South-East Asia]] in the months and years following World War II. |
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* '''[[The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny]]''' encompasses a total strike and subsequent mutiny by the Indian sailors of the [[Royal Indian Navy]] on board ship and shore establishments at [[Bombay]] (Mumbai) harbour on [[18 February]] [[1946]]. |
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* [[SS Columbia Eagle incident|'''SS ''Columbia Eagle'' incident''']] occurred on 14 March, 1970 during the [[Vietnam War]] when sailors aboard an American merchant ship mutinied and hijacked the ship to [[Cambodia]]. |
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* '''[[Storozhevoy#Mutiny|The Storozhevoy Mutiny]]''' occurred on 9 November, 1975 in [[Riga]], [[Latvia]]. The [[Political commissar|political officer]] locked up the [[Soviet Navy]] captain and sailed the ship toward [[Leningrad]]. |
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* '''[[Greek_military_junta_of_1967-1974#The_Velos_Mutiny|The Velos Mutiny]]''' On 23 May 1973, the captain of [[HNS Velos]], refused to return to [[Greece]] after a [[NATO]] exercise. |
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Following the release of ''[[Kuselan]]'' in [[Karnataka]] on [[August 1]], [[2008]], Rajinikanth thanked the [[Kannada film industry]] for allowing the release of his latest film and lifting the ban. He tendered a public apology to all Kannadigas for the controversial statement. He also gave an open statement clarifying his stand to the people of Karnataka state and regretted for not being clear in his speech during the Hogenakkal Water Project hunger strike. Some people in Tamil Nadu depicted this statement to be an apology and spread rumours among the people of Tamil Nadu causing a few other Tamil film personalities, such as [[Sarath Kumar]], [[Sathyaraj]], [[T. Rajendar]] and Radha Ravi to criticize Rajinikanth's stand on Hogenakkal issue and his loyalty to Tamilians.<ref>[http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/40451.html IndiaGlitz - 'Rajini on a sticky wicket' - Tamil Movie News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/aug-08-01/rajinikanth-01-08-08.html Rajini earns the wrath of Tamil cinema - Behindwoods.com rajini Balachander Kavithalaya productions P. Vasu producer K. Balachander Superstar Rajinikanth Kannada Film Associat...<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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==Notes== |
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A survey in Tamil Nadu in [[2008]] showed that Rajinikanth had lost overall popularity compared to recent years. He was beaten by [[Joseph Vijay]], who according to the survey was Tamil Nadu's most favourite film star.<ref>http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/41921.html</ref> The result may have shown up due to Rajinikanth's recent political standings and the disappointment created by ''[[Kuselan]]''. |
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== Philanthropic activities == |
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Rajinikanth is also widely known for his philanthropic activities.<ref name="History" /> |
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He converted one of his banquet halls, the ''Raghavendra Marriage Hall'', to a charitable trust to help the needy.<ref>[http://www.rajinikanth.com/history.htm RajiniKanth.com - History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> He shared his income from the film ''[[Arunachalam]]'' with eight other people from the film industry as profit shares.<ref>[http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinebio/3-07-98/rajini.htm dinakaran<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>He is planning to construct a new hospital and a new school on a piece of land near [[Chennai]].<ref name="RajiniBuildHS">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/29224.html|title=Rajini to build hospital, school|accessdate=2007-04-20|publisher=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>He has distributed Rs 12 Lakhs as relief to the family members of the bereaved in the bomb blast in [[Coimbatore]].<ref>[http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/highlights/01-01-99/yearhig2.htm dinakaran<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> He also donated 1 crore rupees to the [[2004 Tsunami]] Relief Fund by the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], in January [[2005]] to the then [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], [[J. Jayalalitha]], in person. |
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Dance choreographer, director and actor [[Lawrence Raghavendra]], who is also a philanthropist in [[Chennai]], has reportedly merged with Rajinikanth, who agreed to completely pay the food expenses of Lawrence's disability home. While talking to the media on this, Lawrence said, “I am very thankful to Rajini sir. We all know about his generosity and benevolence but he has reiterated this by agreeing to foot the expenses of food bills of the centre irrespective of its strength." |
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== See also == |
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*[[Rajinikanth filmography]] |
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*''[[Sultan: The Warrior]]'' |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==See also== |
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* [[Desertion]] |
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* [[Draft dodger]] |
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* [[List of revolutions and rebellions]] |
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== |
==External links== |
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* {{ |
* {{imdb name|id=0707425}} |
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* [http://libcom.org/history/wars.php History page of mutinies and wars] - a collection of short histories |
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* [http://libcom.org/history/articles/vietnam-gi-resistance/index.php - G.I. Resistance to the Vietnam War] |
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* [http://www.prole.info/articles/mutinies.html Mutinies in World War I by David Lamb] |
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* Leonard F. Guttridge, ''Mutiny: A History of Naval Insurrection,'' [[United States]] Naval Institute Press, 1992, ISBN 0-87021-281-8 |
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[[Category:Indian film actors]] |
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[[Category:Padma Bhushan recipients]] |
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[[Category:1950 births]] |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[kn:ರಜನೀಕಾಂತ್]] |
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[[de:Meuterei]] |
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Revision as of 14:40, 11 October 2008
Rajinikanth | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Shivaji Rao Gaekwad |
| Other names | Rajni, superstar, Thalaivar |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1975-present |
| Spouse | Latha Rajinikanth |
| Children | Aishwarya Dhanush Soundarya Rajinikanth |
| Parent(s) | Ramojirao Gaekwad, Jijabai |
| Awards | Kalaimamani (1984) Padmabhushan (2000) Tamil Nadu State Best Actor (1995) Tamil Nadu State Best Actor (1999) Tamil Nadu State Best Actor (2005) Reliance Mobile Favourite Hero (2008) NDTV Entertainer of the Year (2007) |
| Website | http://www.rajinifans.com |
Rajinikanth (Kannada: ರಜನೀಕಾಂತ್; Marathi: रजनीकांत; Tamil: ரஜினிகாந்த்) (born Shivaji Rao Gaekwad, December 12, 1950[1]) is one of the most influential and bankable movie stars in the Tamil film industry. Rajnikanth's mass popularity and appeal is largely drawn from his mannerisms and stylized delivery of dialogue. He received India's third highest honour, the Padma Bhushan, for his contribution to Indian cinema.[2] Apart from his film career, he has is also a well known philanthropist and also serves as a notable political influence. Other than acting, Rajinikanth worked as a screenwriter, film producer and also a playback singer.
Popularily referred to and credited in films as superstar and fondly called as "thalaivar" (meaning leader in Tamil), Rajinikanth debuted in Tamil films in 1975 under the direction of K. Balachander in supporting roles. He was later favoured in portraying antagonistic characters and gradually rose to acting in lead roles. Being a well known film artist to all regional film industries of India, he also appeared in the cinemas of other nations, including Hollywood. He was reportedly paid Rs. 26 crores (about $6.25 million USD) for his latest blockbuster Sivaji: The Boss[3], making him the highest paid actor in Asia after Jackie Chan.[4]
Early life
Rajinikanth was born in a Maratha family in Karnataka, India. He was the fourth child of his parents, Jijabai and Ramojirao Gaekwad.[1] He was named Shivajirao Gaekwad. Gaekwad is a family name among the Marathas. He lost his mother at the age of five. His residence was located at Hanumantha Nagar in Bangalore. He did his schooling at the Acharya Paathshala in Bangalore (N.R.Colony) and then at the Vivekananda Balaka Sangha. Rajinikanth struggled a lot during his early age because of poverty. Although his mother-tongue is Marathi,[5][6] he has not acted in any Marathi movies yet.
He began working doing various jobs in Bangalore. He also attended a theatre for stage plays. Before starting his career in the film industry, He used to practice stunts at Hanumantha Guda (Rama Hanuman Temple) at a hill near his house. He then primarily worked as a bus conductor for the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation in Bangalore.[7] It was during this time that he nurtured his acting interests by performing in various stage plays.[7]
He married Latha on February 26, 1981, at the age of 31 in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh and they have two children: Aishwarya and Soundarya Rajinikanth. Latha currently runs a school named The Ashram. His elder daughter Aishwariya married actor Dhanush on November 18, 2004 and they have one son, Yathra.[8] His second daughter, Soundarya Rajinikanth, works as a film director, producer and graphic designer for feature films.
Acting career
He joined the Madras Film institute in 1973 with the help of his friend Raj Bahadur, a fellow Bus driver and completed a basic course in acting. In the film institute he was helped by his fellow student Chiranjeevi and the Vice Principal A. Prabhakaran.[9] [10]
Rajinikanth has acted in a total 173 movies, which includes Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi, English and Bengali films. Rajinikanth made a foray into Bollywood with Andha Kanoon but did not make as much of an impact as he had in the south. He still appeared a few films in Hindi, such as Chaalbaaz with Sridevi, Uttar Dakshin, Geraftaar and Hum. He made his Hollywood debut with the movie Bloodstone in 1988 with much fanfare in India at the time of its release. However, the movie failed in the United States. He also made brief stints in German- and Japanese film industries. His film Muthu was dubbed into Japanese and later turned out to become a major hit in the country, ultimately creating a huge Japanese fan-following for Rajni. In 2005, his film Chandramukhi was dubbed in German and released in all German-speaking nations.
Debut and rise: 1975-1979
Rajinikanth's first film was in Tamil cinema, where he was initially cast in supporting roles, debuting as a cancer patient in Apoorva Raagangal in 1975.[11] The film was directed by K. Balachander, who is constantly referred to by Rajinikanth as his own guru or mentor. The following year, Rajinikanth acted in his first Kannada film, Katha Sangama, directed by Puttanna Kanagal. Though Rajinikanth refers to director K. Balachander as his "guru" or mentor, it was director S. P. Muthuraman who actually revamped Rajinikanth’s image entirely. Muthuraman first experimented with him in a positive role in Bhuvana Oru Kelvikkuri (1977), as a villain in the first half and a do-gooder in the second, accepting a woman with a child abandoned by her lover. Around this time Mullum Malarum (1978), directed by J. Mahendran, established Rajinikanth in the Tamil film arena. The success of Bhuvana Oru Kelvikkuri prompted Muthuraman to make a mushy melodrama with Rajinikanth as a hero sacrificing everything for his siblings in Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai (1979). These films were the turning points in Rajinikanth’s career — he changed from an actor who merely enthralled the audiences, to one who could also make them cry. The acceptance of Rajinikanth sans his mannerisms proved he had at last become a "star" from a "common actor." His film roles were mainly as a villain during the period 1975 to 1977, frequently with Kamal Haasan as the hero, in movies like 16 Vayadhinilae, Moondru Mudichu and Avargal.
Gaining popularity: 1980-1989
During this phase of his career when he was reaching dazzling heights, Rajinikanth abruptly chose to quit acting, but was coaxed back.[12] He started again with Billa, which was a remake of the blockbuster bollywood movie Don. With its phenomenal success he was accepted as a full-fledged hero. Billa was followed by a row of hits like Murattukaalai,Pokkiri Raja, Thanikattu Raja, Naan Mahaan Alla, Pudukavithai[13] [14] and Moondru Mugam. K. Balachander’s first home production, Netrikan proved to be yet another milestone in Rajini’s career. . He even acted as himself alongside Meena, who was a child actor then, in the movie Anbulla Rajinikanth (1984). More box-office hits dominated the 80's with Padikkathavan, Thee, Velaikaran, Dharmathin Thalaivan, Mr. Bharath, and Maaveeran, .[15] In his 100th movie, Sri Raghavendra, he played the Hindu saint Raghavendra Swami.
The superstar decade: 1990-1999
The vast majority of his movies released during the nineties were extremely successful, notably Thalapathy, Mannan, Annamalai, Uzhaippali, Veera, Baasha, Muthu,[16], Arunachalam and Padayappa. Rajinikanth wrote his first screenplay for the film Valli (1993). His cult classic Baasha, released in 1995, went on to become a massive blockbuster and is routinely touted by his fans and critics alike as the movie which elevated him from being just another very popular actor with loads of charisma to an almost demigod status in the eyes of the masses. His film Muthu was the first Tamil film to be dubbed into Japanese as Muthu: The Dancing Maharajah and became very popular in Japan.[17][18] Throughout this decade, Rajinikanth established himself as an unparalleled box office phenomenon; all of the films mentioned in this era were all formulaic mass entertainers which routinely created box office records. It can be argued that it was also during this time that Rajinikanth and the political world began to converge, whether that confluence was voluntary or not is debatable, but the objective fact cannot be disputed that as his films began to take on a whole new dimension in terms of expectations, hype and revenue, his political clout also steadily rose with the cinematic tide as well. This trend began with the release of Annamalai in 1992 and arguably climaxed during the time of Padayappa's release in 1999. Being his 150th film, Padayappa, directed by K. S. Ravikumar, undoubtedly turned out to be the largest blockbuster in his career.
Indulging in politics: 2002
The new millennium began very well for Rajinikanth; Padayappa had rewritten previous box office records. Finally, after more than a three year sabbatical from cinema, at 52 years of age, he starred in his home production, Baba, which released on August 15, 2002 amidst much fanfare and extreme hype. The film failed miserably to meet the expectations due to a very weak screenplay, which Rajinikanth himself had written, his second stint at screenplay writing after Valli. The thin screenplay revolved around the story about a gangster who later engages in spirituality and when compared to his previous film, Padayappa, it was a colossal disappointment. Although the film grossed enough to cover its budget, it was viewed as a tremendous loss when compared to his previous box office successes throughout his career. It fell short of market expectations and the high bids reportedly translated to heavy losses for the distributors. It is fact that Rajinikanth himself repaid the losses incurred by the distributors who possessed immense faith in him.[19][20] Rajinikanth reported that he was going to retire from acting, hence he later took part in other political activities.
Making milestones: 2005-Present
After the Baba debacle, Rajinikanth mulled over numerous scripts with many directors, including K.S. Ravikumar, and finally chose to act in director P. Vasu's Tamil remake of Manichithrathazhu, Chandramukhi. Many people within the industry had written Rajinikanth off after the Baba fiasco, essentially saying "the bloom was off the rose" and that "the gold does not glitter anymore".[21] In essence, many viewed Chandramukhi as Rajinikanth's comeback film, his make or break movie and in the end, when it was released on April 14, 2005, it went on to create new box office records and smashed his own previous records and once and for all removed any doubt within the industry with regards to Rajinikanth's box office clout and incomparable appeal to the masses.[22] Just after Chandramukhi's release, it was reported that AVM Productions were to produce a film directed by S. Shankar starring Rajinikanth, the largest collaboration yet for a Tamil film. The film was titled Sivaji and released on June 15, 2007 after two years of filming and meticulous production. With massive international anticipation, it subsequently went on to become a major blockbuster, being ranked among other major Bollywood and Hollywood releases of the year. Sivaji became the first Tamil movie to be charted as one of the top-ten best films of United Kingdom and South Africa box-offices upon release.
Following Sivaji, Rajinikanth worked with P. Vasu again for Kuselan, a remake of the Malayalam film Kadha Parayumbol, in which Rajinikanth was given only a cameo role. He acted as himself, a superstar in the Indian film industry, and as a best friend to the main character. Kuselan's release was large like all other films of his, including sales of promotional items such as M&M's Kuselan chocolates in the United States and Kuselan trading cards provided in Sunfeast Biscuit packages in India. Despite the mass hype prior to release, the film opened to below average reviews and critics later touted the film to have a weak storyline and screenplay. P. Vasu was also condemned for mentioning Rajinikanth as the hero of the film when he was seen in only a few scenes of the film as a cameo. Critics claimed that Kuselan was a film that taught everyone a lesson of filmmaking. Some distributors resulted in major losses due to the film, creating Kuselan's box office results similar to Baba. [23]
Upcoming films
During the course of the production for Sivaji, Ocher Studios, the animation company of Rajinikanth's daughter Soundarya Rajinikanth, in association with Adlabs announced their intention of producing a CGI animation film starring an animated version of Rajinikanth. He will be lending his voice to the lead character (based on his likeness) and the project is titled Sultan: The Warrior; it will be directed by his daughter Soundarya Rajinikanth with music provided by A. R. Rahman. The movie is scheduled for a April 2009 release. Rajinikanth has also been signed to work with the Sivaji team of S. Shankar and A. R. Rahman once again for another magnum opus, an alleged science fiction thriller tentatively entitled Endhiran. Aishwarya Rai Bachchan will finally play opposite Rajinikanth as heroine for the first time; the film is touted to be the biggest and costliest film venture yet in India. It is being produced by Ayngaran International and Eros Labs and slated for theatrical release sometime in 2010.
A. R. Murugadoss has shown interest in directing Rajinikanth in his next feature film after Ghajini.[24] It is also said that Rajinikanth had voluntarily came forth to be casted in Pyramid Saimira's next production, in order to compensate for the colossal flop of Kuselan.[25]
Awards and honours
Rajinikanth was named as one of the influential persons in South Asia by Asiaweek.[26] He has won a Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award for the film Nallavanuku Nallavan in 1984.[27] Rajinikanth, despite these awards, has not yet received a National Film Award.
Between 1977 and 2005, Rajinikanth received several awards from Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, Filmfare Awards, Cinema Express, and Filmfans Association for his on-screen performances and off-screen contributions in writing and producing. He has received awards in the Best Actor category for his performance in the films Sivaji, Chandramukhi, Padayappa, Peddarayudu, Baasha, Muthu, Annamalai, Thalapathy, Velaikaran, Sri Raghavendra, Nallavanuku Nallavan, Moondru Mugam, Engayo Ketta Kural, Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai, Mullum Malarum and 16 Vayathinile. He received an award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Bhuvana Oru Kelvi Kuri. He has also received awards in Best Story Writer and Best Producer categories for Valli.
He has also received other honours such as Raj Kapoor Award in 2007 from the Government of Maharashtra, and the high-honoured civilan award, Padma Bhushan, in 2000[2] from Government of India. In September 2007, Rajinikanth won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor for his role in the film Chandramukhi. Recently, he was selected as the Indian Entertainer of the Year for 2007 by NDTV, beating out the likes of Shah Rukh Khan and Shilpa Shetty.
Notable filmography
| Year | Title | Role(s) | Language | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | Apoorva Raagangal | Abaswaram | Tamil | |
| 1976 | Moondru Mudichu | Tamil | ||
| 1977 | 16 Vayathinile | Parattai | Tamil | |
| 1978 | Mullum Malarum | Kali | Tamil | |
| 1979 | Ninaithale Inikkum | Tamil | ||
| 1980 | Billa | Billa, Raja |
Tamil | Portrayed a dual role |
| Johnny | Johnny | Tamil | ||
| Murattu Kalai | Kalaiyan | Tamil | ||
| 1981 | Thee | Tamil | ||
| Thillu Mullu | Indran, Chandran |
Tamil | Portrayed a dual role | |
| 1982 | Moondru Mugam | Alex Pandian, Arun, John |
Tamil | Portrayed three roles |
| 1984 | Nallavanuku Nallavan | Tamil | Winner, Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award | |
| 1985 | Sri Raghavendra | Raghavendra Swami | Tamil | |
| 1991 | Thalapathi | Surya | Tamil | |
| 1992 | Annamalai | Annamalai | Tamil | |
| 1995 | Baasha | Manick Baasha | Tamil | |
| Muthu | Muthu, Ejamaan |
Tamil | Winner, Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor Portrayed a dual role | |
| 1999 | Padayappa | Aaru Padayappan | Tamil | Winner, Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor |
| 2005 | Chandramukhi | Dr. Saravanan, Vettaiyan |
Tamil | Winner, Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor Portrayed a dual role |
| 2007 | Sivaji: The Boss | Sivaji Arumugam | Tamil | |
| 2009 | Sultan: The Warrior | Tamil | Voice only Filming | |
| 2010 | Endhiran | Tamil | Filming |
Political influences
In 1995 Rajinikanth announced that he is willing to support the Congress party after meeting Prime Minister Narasimha Rao.[28] An opinion poll conducted by Kumudam magazine predicted that Congress with Rajinikanth support may win up to 130 seats in Tamil Nadu Assembly. In 1996, when the Congress Party decided to align with AIADMK, Rajinikanth supported DMK-TMC alliance. The TMC used a bicycle as their election symbol and used an image of Rajinikanth riding a bicycle from the film Annamalai in their posters. Rajinikanth said, "Even God cannot save Tamil Nadu if AIADMK returns to power." Rajinikanth wholeheartedly supported the DMK and TMC alliance and asked the people of Tamil Nadu and his fans to vote for that alliance. This alliance had a complete victory in 1996[28]
In 1996 Rajinikanth supported the DMK-TMC alliance in parliamentary elections.[29] The television channel Sun TV broadcasted Rajini's speech throughout the day of the election in 1998 in which he spoke about the allaince of DMK and TMC in 1996. AIADMK-BJP alliance won around 30 out of 39 seats riding on sympathy wave generated by Coimbatore bomb blasts.
In 2002 Rajinikanth undertook a day-long fast to protest Karnataka's decision to not to release Cauvery water to Tamilnadu.[30] Announced that he would contribute 10 Million rupees towards interlinking of Indian rivers scheme.[31] He met Prime Minister Vajpayee and many experts to canvass support for Interlinking Indian rivers scheme. In 2004 Rajinikanth supported BJP-AIADMK alliance in Parliamentary elections and did not wholheartedly ask his fans and people to support that alliance.If he would have whole heartedly told the people and his fans to support BJP then defintely that year elections would have witneesed some changes in election results.[28] and quoted PMK's violence and BJP's support to interlinking of Indian rivers[32] as reason for his support. But the alliance failed to win any seats.
During the 2008 Hunger Strike organized by the Tamil film industry in support of the Hogenekkal drinking water project, he blasted Karnataka politicians over the water project. "I unequivocally condemn Karnataka for this reprehensible act of denying us what is rightfully ours. Those who are raising the issue are doing it for the elections. A national political party I respect is forcing me to wonder by its despicable acts whether there is (rule of law) in this country (guaranteed by) the Supreme Court and Who they will listen to." Without naming B.S. Yeddyurappa, Rajni said "It was a cheap act by a leader of a big national party and an election gimmick. I do not approve it. The party’s (BJP) Tamil Nadu unit is keeping quiet", he added. Further, he appealed to the leaders like M. Karunanidhi, H.D. Deve Gowda, H.D. Kumaraswamy, Yeddyurappa and Siddaramaiah and to not to flame up this issue for political gains. Rajinikanth requested the Tamil Nadu leaders including M. Karunanidhi that, this issue should be nipped in the bud. Rajini urged the Karnataka politicians to speak the 'Truth' and warned them that the people would teach them lesson if they continue to play with the issue for political gains. "People are equal to God. They cannot be fooled and will not remain silent if you continue to act in such manner", thundered the Superstar.[33] Leader of the Pro-Kannada group Karnataka Rakshana Vedike Vatal Nagaraj demanded an apology from Rajinikanth and threatened that he will not be allowed in the state of Karnataka and all his films will be boycotted for Rajinikanth's speech against Kannada politicians.[34]
Criticism
In 2002, during Rajinikanth's own hunger strike for agitating the state of Karnataka to release Cauvery river water into Tamil Nadu, another hunger strike was organized by other Tamil film actors and directors. Rajinikanth had yet continued with his own strike. This had led to serious criticism of Rajinikanth. Director Bharathi Raja, who also condemned other actors and politicians of Tamil Nadu, had stated that Rajinikanth was on the verge of dividing the film industry.[35]
Also in 2002, Pattali Makkal Katchi leader S. Ramadoss condemned him for smoking and posing with beedi's in his film Baba. He was criticised for spoiling Tamil youth by glorifying smoking and drinking. PMK volunteers attacked theatres which screened the movie Baba and usurped film rolls and burnt it.[36] Famous film producers like M. Saravanan accused Ramadoss saying that cigarette smoking and drinking are shown in all movies and that Baba was just being "picked on" by the PMK leader because of his popularity in Vanniar areas which is considered PMK bastion.[citation needed] To stop the controversies, Rajinikanth announced that in his future films, he won't act in scenes involving him smoking or drinking. In keeping with his words, he did not include a single scene of smoking or drinking in his thereafter.
Following the release of Kuselan in Karnataka on August 1, 2008, Rajinikanth thanked the Kannada film industry for allowing the release of his latest film and lifting the ban. He tendered a public apology to all Kannadigas for the controversial statement. He also gave an open statement clarifying his stand to the people of Karnataka state and regretted for not being clear in his speech during the Hogenakkal Water Project hunger strike. Some people in Tamil Nadu depicted this statement to be an apology and spread rumours among the people of Tamil Nadu causing a few other Tamil film personalities, such as Sarath Kumar, Sathyaraj, T. Rajendar and Radha Ravi to criticize Rajinikanth's stand on Hogenakkal issue and his loyalty to Tamilians.[37][38]
A survey in Tamil Nadu in 2008 showed that Rajinikanth had lost overall popularity compared to recent years. He was beaten by Joseph Vijay, who according to the survey was Tamil Nadu's most favourite film star.[39] The result may have shown up due to Rajinikanth's recent political standings and the disappointment created by Kuselan.
Philanthropic activities
Rajinikanth is also widely known for his philanthropic activities.[17]
He converted one of his banquet halls, the Raghavendra Marriage Hall, to a charitable trust to help the needy.[40] He shared his income from the film Arunachalam with eight other people from the film industry as profit shares.[41]He is planning to construct a new hospital and a new school on a piece of land near Chennai.[42]He has distributed Rs 12 Lakhs as relief to the family members of the bereaved in the bomb blast in Coimbatore.[43] He also donated 1 crore rupees to the 2004 Tsunami Relief Fund by the state of Tamil Nadu, in January 2005 to the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, J. Jayalalitha, in person.
Dance choreographer, director and actor Lawrence Raghavendra, who is also a philanthropist in Chennai, has reportedly merged with Rajinikanth, who agreed to completely pay the food expenses of Lawrence's disability home. While talking to the media on this, Lawrence said, “I am very thankful to Rajini sir. We all know about his generosity and benevolence but he has reiterated this by agreeing to foot the expenses of food bills of the centre irrespective of its strength."
See also
References
- ^ a b c "'Even more acclaim will come his way' - Times of India". Retrieved 2008-07-10.
- ^ a b "Civilian Awards announced on January 26, 2000" (in Tamil). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ Superstar: Rajnikanth highest paid actor in India-NDTV.com
- ^ Superstar: Rajnikanth second highest paid actor ASIA in CNN IBN
- ^ does not speak nor understand Marathi. He spoke Kannada at home.Rajinikanth-History
- ^ Tamilnow achievers
- ^ a b "Meet the bus driver Rajni worked with". Rediff.com. June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Rajinikanthʼs grandson Yanthra". Yahoo India Movies.
{{cite web}}: Text "2007-05-16" ignored (help) - ^ "Rajini's History (Part 5)" (in Tamil). Rajinifans. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ Superstar in CBSE School Book - Rajinifans.com
- ^ Rajinikanth filmography
- ^ 'Yesterday I was a conductor, today I'm a star'
- ^ The Movie climax was taken in a prominent school "Saraswathi Vidyalaya Matriculation School Vadapalani
- ^ The movie was a sensational love story with ever green hit song of Thiru Illayaraja "oru vellai pura ondru"
- ^ "First Experience of Rajinikanth". Rajinikanth.com. Retrieved 2007-10-29.
- ^ "It's India-Japan Friendship Year" (in Tamil). The Hindu. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ a b "RajiniKanth.com - History". RajiniKanth.com. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ Gautaman Bhaskaran (January 6, 2002). "Rajnikanth casts spell on Japanese viewers". The Hindu. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ N Sathiya Moorthy (May 3, 2003). "Film producer GV commits suicide". Rediff.com. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Sudhish Kamath (May 12, 2004). "Superstar wannabes". The Hindu: Metro Plus. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Will Sivaji be Rajini's biggest hit?- History". Redeiff.com. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
- ^ name="The Final Vedict">"The Final Verdict - History". Movie Buzz. Retrieved 2005-05-08.
- ^ http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/40636.html
- ^ http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/40908.html
- ^ http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/40971.html
- ^ Actor Rajinikanth | Tamil Superstar | Indian Film Industry
- ^ "Awards for RajiniKanth Movies". Retrieved 2007-04-05.
- ^ a b c NewIndPress.com: The making of 'Sivaji'
- ^ Dinakaran: Tamil Cinema 1998-Year Highlights (Part-2)
- ^ Yahoo! India News: Naidu calls Rajini to join Third Front
- ^ Rajinifans.com: Distribution of Tsunami Fund
- ^ [1]
- ^ » Rajnikanth blasts Karnataka over water project - Thaindian News
- ^ Karnataka groups demand apology
- ^ "Rally exposes politicised film industry". 2002-10-12. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
- ^ "Rajini keeps everyone guessing". 2004-03-23. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
- ^ IndiaGlitz - 'Rajini on a sticky wicket' - Tamil Movie News
- ^ Rajini earns the wrath of Tamil cinema - Behindwoods.com rajini Balachander Kavithalaya productions P. Vasu producer K. Balachander Superstar Rajinikanth Kannada Film Associat...
- ^ http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/41921.html
- ^ RajiniKanth.com - History
- ^ dinakaran
- ^ "Rajini to build hospital, school". IndiaGlitz.com. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ dinakaran
External links
- Rajinikanth at IMDb