Amsterdam Centraal station and Mexican Army: Difference between pages

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{{Refimprove|date=July 2008}}
{{Infobox NS-station|
{{Mexican military|Military of Mexico}}
|station=Amsterdam Centraal
The '''Mexican Army''' is the land branch and largest of the [[Military of Mexico|Mexican Military]] services; it also is known as the National Defence Army. It is famous for having been the first army to adopt and use an automatic rifle [[Mondragón (rifle)|(The Mondragón rifle)]] in 1899, and the first to issue automatic weapons as standard issue weapons, in 1910. In September 2007 the Secretary of Defense reported that the Mexican Army consisted of 181,356 men and women serving (ca. 0.16 per cent of the population), but the [[IISS]] Military Balance 2007 listed the active duty force as 183,700.<ref>IISS Military Balance 2007, p.79</ref>
|stationscode=Asd
|opened=1889
|platforms=11
|latdeg=52
|latmin=22
|latsec=42
|londeg=4
|lonmin=54
|lonsec=0
|positiekaartnaam=Amsterdams metrostation
}}
[[Image:Amsterdamcentral.jpg|thumb|Amsterdam Centraal station in the 19th century.]]
[[Image:Hal CS Amsterdam.jpg|thumb|right|Interior of the station as seen from platform 1]]
'''Amsterdam Centraal''' (Asd) is the [[central station]] of [[Amsterdam]]. It is one of the main [[Rail transport|railway]] nodes of the Netherlands and is used by approximately 150,000 passengers a day, excluding transferring passengers. It is also the starting point of [[Amsterdam Metro]] lines 51, 53, and 54. The station building of Amsterdam Centraal was designed by [[Pierre Cuypers]] and [[A. L. van Gendt]], and opened in 1889. It features a roof span of approximately 40 metres fabricated in [[cast iron]] by [[Andrew Handyside]] of [[Derby]], [[England]].<ref>Robert Thorne, ‘Handyside, Andrew (1805–1887)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/47598, accessed 9 Jan 2008]</ref> The station is currently under reconstruction due to the construction of the [[Amsterdam Metro#North/South Line|North/South metro line]] (metro line 52).


Since the early 2000s the Army has steadily modernised to become competitive with the armies of other Latin American countries.<ref>[http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2007/10/10/index.php?section=politica&article=003n1pol Jornada: report From General Guillermo Galván, Minister of Defense ]</ref> An interesting proof of the Army's increased budget is domestic production of the new [[FX-05 Xiuhcoatl|FX-05]] Assault Rifle.
Amsterdam Centraal is twinned with [[Liverpool Street station]] in [[London]], UK.


== Organization ==
[[Image:Ejercito_Mexicano.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mexican Army 2008]]


The Army is under authority of the [[National Defense Secretariat]] or SEDENA. It has three components: a national headquarters, territorial commands, and independent units. The Minister of Defence commands the Army via a centralized command system and many general officers. The Army uses a modified continental staff system in its headquarters.
==History==
The [[Mexican Air Force]] is a branch of the Mexican Army.
The building of Amsterdam Centraal is situated on three [[Artificial island|man-made]] [[island]]s, themselves resting on 8,687 wooden poles which have been driven deep into the muddy and sandy soil. The current location of the station is not the site the city of Amsterdam had originally hoped for; other possibilities included somewhere near the [[Leidseplein]], the Weesperplein, or in the vicinity of the modern-day Sarphatipark. Officials in [[The Hague]], however, felt that the eventual location at the head of the city, along [[IJ (bay)|The IJ]], was the best location. This was a highly controversial decision, as it effectively cut off Amsterdam from its own waterfront, making it, for all purposes, an inland city. In his ''History of Amsterdam'', [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[historian]] [[Geert Mak]] writes that: <blockquote>
Almost all of Amsterdam's own experts and others involved in thought this to be a catastrophic plan, 'the most disgusting possible attack on the beauty and glory of the capital'. Nevertheless, the building of the Central Station in front of the open harbour was forced through by the railway department of the Ministry of Transport in [[The Hague]], and the Home Secretary, [[Johan Rudolf Thorbecke|Thorbecke]]. Finally, the plan made its way through the Amsterdam municipal council by a narrow majority. (Mak 1994)
</blockquote>


===Regional organization===
The [[Tokyo Station]] building is often rumored to be fashioned after it, although there is little evidence to support the theory. [[Terunobu Fujimori]], a scholar of the Western architecture, denied the rumor after studying the styles of Tokyo's station architect, [[Tatsuno Kingo]], as well as the building itself.<ref>''Kenchiku Tantei Uten Kekkō'' (建築探偵 雨天決行; "Architecture Detective, Rain or Shine"), [[Terunobu Fujimori]], ISBN 978-4022611796</ref>
México is divided into twelve Military Regions composed of forty-four sub-ordinate Military Zones [the 2007 ed. of the IISS lists 12 regions, 45 zones], the enumeration is for nominal designation. There is no fixed number of zones in a region, therefore operational needs determine how many or how few, with corresponding increases and decreases in troop strength.


The [[President of Mexico]] appoints Military Zone commanders, usually on the secretary of defence's recommendation. The senior zone commander also is commander of the military region containing the military zone. A military zone commander has jurisdiction over every unit operating in his territory, including the ''[[Rurales]]'' (Rural Defense Force) that occasionally have been Federal political counterweight to the power of state governors. Zone commanders provide the national defence secretary with socio-political conditions intelligence about rural areas. Moreover, they traditionally have acted in co-ordination with the Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA) on planning and resources deployment.
==Train Services==

The following train services call at Amsterdam Centraal:
{|{{tablabonita}} align="center"
===International Services===
|- style="background:#efefef;"
{| class="prettytable vatop"
! '''Región Militar''' !! '''Sede''' !! '''Estados que la conforman'''
! Series:
! Train Type:
! Route:
! Material:
! Frequency:
! Platform
|-
|-
| I || [[Ciudad de México|México, D.F.]] || [[Distrito Federal (México)|Distrito Federal]], [[Estado de Hidalgo|Hidalgo]], [[Estado de México]], [[Morelos]].
| 100
| ICE/NS Hispeed/DB
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - [[Utrecht Centraal railway station|Utrecht Centraal]] - [[Arnhem railway station|Arnhem]] - [[Köln Hbf]] - [[Frankfurt (Main) Flughafen Fernbahnhof]] - Basel SBB
| ICE 3M
| 1x per day
| 4 (Dep. 08:04)
|-
|-
| II || [[Mexicali|Mexicali, B.C.]] || [[Baja California]], [[Baja California Sur]], [[Sonora]].
| 120
| ICE/NS Hispeed/DB
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Utrecht Centraal- Arnhem - Köln Hbf - Frankfurt (Main) Flughafen Fernbahnhof - [[Frankfurt (Main) Hbf]]
| ICE 3M
| 5x per day
| 4
|-
|-
| III || [[Mazatlan|Mazatlan, Sin.]] || [[Sinaloa]], [[Durango]].
| 140
| Intercity/NS Hispeed/DB
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - [[Hilversum railway station|Hilversum]] - [[Amersfoort railway station|Amersfoort]] - [[Apeldoorn railway station|Apeldoorn]] - [[Deventer railway station|Deventer]] - [[Almelo railway station|Almelo]] - [[Hengelo railway station|Hengelo]] - Hannover Hbf – Berlin Ostbahnhof/Szczecin Główny
| DB IR
| 1x per day
| 13b (Dep. 10:57)
|-
|-
| IV || [[Monterrey|Monterrey, N.L.]]|| [[Nuevo León]], [[San Luis Potosí]], [[Tamaulipas]].
| 220
| ICE/NS Hispeed/DB
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Utrecht Centraal- Arnhem - Köln Hbf - Frankfurt (Main) Flughafen Fernbahnhof - Frankfurt (Main) Hbf - München Hbf
| ICE 3M
| 1x per day
| ?
|-
|-
| V || [[Guadalajara (México)|Guadalajara, Jal.]] || [[Aguascalientes]], [[Colima]], [[Jalisco]], [[Nayarit]], [[Zacatecas]].
| 300
| CityNightLine
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Utrecht Centraal- Arnhem - Köln Hbf - Basel SBB/Zurich HB/München Hbf
| CNL
| 1x per day
| 11b (Dep. 20:32)
|-
|-
| VI || [[Veracruz|Veracruz, Ver.]] || [[Puebla]], [[Tlaxcala]], parte centro y norte de [[Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave|Veracruz]].
| 347
| Euronight
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' – Utrecht Centraal – Arnhem – Köln Hbf – Berlin Hbf – Warschau – Minsk – Moscow
| EN
| 1x per day
| ?
|-
|-
| VII || [[Tuxtla Gutiérrez|Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chis.]] || [[Chiapas]], [[Tabasco]].
| 9200 (Benelux)
| Internationaal/NS HiSpeed
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Schiphol - Den Haag HS - Rotterdam Centraal - Doordrecht - Roosendaal - Antwerpen Centraal - Mechelen - Brussels Midi/Zuid
| ICRm
| 1x per hour
| 13a
|-
|-
| VIII || [[Ixcotel|Ixcotel, Oax.]]|| [[Oaxaca]], parte sur de [[Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave|Veracruz]].
| 9300 Thalys
| Internationaal/NS HiSpeed
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Schiphol - Den Haag HS - Rotterdam Centraal - Doordrecht - Roosendaal - [[Antwerpen Centraal railway station|Antwerpen Centraal]] - Mechelen - Brussels Midi/Zuid - Paris Noord
| [[TGV PBA]]/[[TGV PBKA]]
| 5x per day
| 13a
|-
|-
| IX || [[Cumbres de Llano Largo|Cumbres de Llano Largo, Gro.]] || [[Estado de Guerrero|Guerrero]].
| CNL
|-
| CityNightLine
| X|| [[Mérida (Yucatán)|Mérida, Yuc.]] || [[Campeche]], [[Quintana Roo]], [[Yucatán]].
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Utrecht Centraal - Arnhem - Köln Hbf - Frankfurt - Vienne
|-
| CNL
| XI || [[Torreón|Torreón, Coah.]] || [[Chihuahua]], [[Coahuila]].
| 1x per day
|-
| 11b (Dep. 17:03)
| XII || [[Irapuato|Irapuato, Gto.]] || [[Guanajuato]], [[Michoacán]], [[Querétaro]].
|}
|}


Zones
===National Services===

{| class="prettytable vatop"
{{col-begin}}
! Series:
{{col-break}}
! Train Type:
{|{{tablabonita}} align="center"
! Route:
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Material:
! '''Zona Militar''' !! '''Ubicación''' !! '''Región Militar'''
! Frequency:
! Platform
|-
|-
| 1<sup>a</sup> || Tacubaya, D.F. || I
| 800
| Intercity
| (Schagen –) [[Alkmaar railway station|Alkmaar]] - [[Zaandam railway station|Zaandam]] - '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Utrecht Centraal – [['s-Hertogenbosch railway station|'s-Hertogenbosch]] - [[Eindhoven railway station|Eindhoven]] - [[Maastricht railway station|Maastricht]] / [[Heerlen railway station|Heerlen]]
| VIRM
| 2x per hour (Not after 8pm or Sundays)
| 5 (To Utrecht), 8 (To Alkmaar)
|-
|-
| 2<sup>a</sup> || Tijuana, B.C. || II
| 1400
| Nachtnet
| Eindhoven - Tilburg - Breda - Dordrecht - Rotterdam CS - Den Haag CS - Leiden Centraal -Schiphol- '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Utrecht Centraal - 's Hertogenbosch - Eindhoven
| VIRM
| 1x per hour - Operates between Eindhoven and Rotterdam/Utrecht Thursday, Friday, Saturday Night only
| 8a (To Utrecht), 8a (To Schiphol)
|-
|-
| 3<sup>a</sup> || La Paz, B.C.S. || II
| 1500
| Intercity
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Hilversum - Amersfoort (-Deventer)
| Class 1700/1800 and Avmz
| 2x per hour (To Deventer in Peak Periods)
| 14b
|-
|-
| 4<sup>a</sup> || Hermosillo, Son. || II
| 2100
| Intercity
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - [[Schiphol railway station|Schiphol]] - [[Leiden Centraal railway station|Leiden Centraal]] - [[Den Haag HS railway station|Den Haag HS]] - [[Rotterdam Centraal railway station|Rotterdam Centraal]] - [[Dordrecht railway station|Dordrecht]] - [[Roosendaal railway station|Roosendaal]] - [[Middleburg railway station|Middleburg]] - [[Vlissingen railway station|Vlissingen]]
| VIRM
| 1x per hour
| 14a
|-
|-
| 5<sup>a</sup>|| Chihuahua, Chih. || XI
| 2200
| Sneltrein
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - [[Amsterdam Sloterdijk]] – Haarlem – Den Haag HS - Rotterdam CS - Dordrecht – Breda
| DD-AR/DDM-1
| 2x per hour; stoptrein between Dordrecht & Breda
| 1
|-
|-
| 6<sup>a</sup> || Saltillo, Coah. || XI
| 2600
| Sneltrein
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' – Amsterdam Sloterdijk - Schiphol – Den Haag Centraal
| VIRM
| 2x per hour.
| 14a
|-
|-
| 7<sup>a</sup> || Escobedo, N.L. || IV
| 3000
| Intercity
| Den Helder – Alkmaar - Amsterdam Sloterdijk - '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Utrecht Centraal - Arnhem - Nijmegen
| VIRM
| 2x per hour; stoptrein between Den Helder & Alkmaar.
| 7 (To Den Helder), 4 (To Utrecht)
|-
|-
| 8<sup>a</sup> || Reynosa, Tamps. || IV
| 3900
| Intercity
| Hoofddorp – Schiphol - [[Amsterdam Lelylaan]] - '''Amsterdam Centraal''' – [[Almere Centrum railway station|Almere Cenntrum]] - [[Lelystad Centrum railway station|Lelystad Centrum]]
| DD-AR; Sometimes Mat '64 and SGMm
| 2x per hour
| 11b (To Lelystad), 15b (To Hoofdorp)
|-
|-
| 9<sup>a</sup> || Culiacan, Sin. || III
| 4000
| Sprinter
| Uitgeest - Zaandam - Amsterdam Sloterdijk - '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA - Gouda - Rotterdam Centraal
| SGMm; Frist 2 trains of the day are DD-AR
| 2x per hour
| 5b (To Rotterdam), 8a (To Uitgeest)
|-
|-
| 10<sup>a</sup> || Durango, Dgo. || III
| 4500
| Stoptrein
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' – Amsterdam Sloterdijk - Zaandam - Purmerend - Hoorn - Enkhuizen
| DD-AR; Evening SGMm
| 2x per hour
| 7a
|-
|-
| 11<sup>a</sup> || Guadalupe, Zac. || V
| 4600
| Stoptrain
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' - Diemen - Weesp - Almere Muziekwijk - Almere Centrum - Almere Oostvaarders
| DD-AR
| 2x per hour
| 10b
|-
|-
| 12<sup>a</sup> || San Luis Potosi, S.L.P. || IV
| 4800
| Stoptrein
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' – Amsterdam Sloterdijk - Haarlem – Uitgeest
| DD-AR; weekend 1 Plan T
| 2x per hour
| 10b
|-
|-
| 13<sup>a</sup> || Tepic, Nay. || V
| 5400
| Intercity
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' – Amsterdam Sloterdijk – Haarlem - Zandvoort aan Zee
| DD-AR; weekend 1 Plan T
| 2x per hour
| 2a
|-
|-
| 14<sup>a</sup> || Aguascalientes, Ags. || V
| 5800
| Sprinter
| Uitgeest - Zaandam – Amsterdam Sloterdijk – '''Amsterdam Centraal''' – Hilversum - Amersfoort - Amersfoort Vathorst
| SGMm
| 2x per hour (No Weekend Service)
| 10b (To Amersfoort), 11a (To Uitgeest)
|-
|-
| 15<sup>a</sup> || La Mojonera, Jal. || V
| 14500
|-
| Intercity
| 16<sup>a</sup> || Sarabia, Gto. || XII
| '''Amsterdam Centraal''' – Amsterdam Sloterdijk – Hoorn – Enkhuizen
|-
| VIRM/DD-AR Rush Hour Only,
| 17<sup>a</sup> || Queretaro, Qro. || XII
| 2x per hour (From Amsterdam Sloterdijk 1st station is Hoorn)
| 7a
|-
| 18<sup>a</sup> || Pachuca, Hgo. || I
|-
| 19<sup>a</sup> || Tuxpan, Ver. || VI
|-
| 20<sup>a</sup> || Colima, Col. || V
|-
| 21<sup>a</sup> || Morelia, Mich. || XII
|-
| 22<sup>a</sup> || Toluca, Mex. || I
|-
| 23<sup>a</sup> || Panotla, Tlax. || VI
|-
|}
{{col-break}}
{|{{tablabonita}} align="center"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! '''Zona Militar''' !! '''Ubicación''' !! '''Región Militar'''
|-
| 24<sup>a</sup> || Tehuacán, Pue. || VI
|-
| 25<sup>a</sup> || Puebla, Pue. || VI
|-
| 26<sup>a</sup> || El Lencero, Ver. || VI
|-
| 27<sup>a</sup> || Ticui, Gro. || IX
|-
| 28<sup>a</sup> || Ixcotel, Oax. || VIII
|-
| 29<sup>a</sup> || Minatitlan, Ver. || VIII
|-
| 30<sup>a</sup> || Villahermosa, Tab || VII
|-
| 31<sup>a</sup> || Rancho Nuevo, Chis. || VII
|-
| 32<sup>a</sup> || Valladolid, Yuc. || X
|-
| 33<sup>a</sup> || Campeche, Camp. || X
|-
| 34<sup>a</sup> || Chetumal, Q.R. || X
|-
| 35<sup>a</sup> || Chilpancingo, Gro. || IX
|-
| 36<sup>a</sup> || Tapachula, Chis. || VII
|-
| 37<sup>a</sup> || Santa Lucia, Mex. || I
|-
| 38<sup>a</sup> || Tenosique, Tab. || VII
|-
| 39<sup>a</sup> || Ocosingo, Chis. || VII
|-
| 40<sup>a</sup> || Guerrero Negro, B.C.S. || II
|-
| 41<sup>a</sup> || Puerto Vallarta, Jal. || V
|-
| 42<sup>a</sup> || Hidalgo del Parral, Chih. || XI
|-
| 43<sup>a</sup> || Apatzingan, Mich. || XII
|-
| 44<sup>a</sup> || Miahuatlan, Oax. || VIII
|-
| 45<sup>a</sup> || Nogales, Son. || II
|}
|}
{{col-end}}


==Railway Lines==
===Tactical units===
The primary units of the Mexican army are six brigades and a number of independent regiments and infantry battalions.
{{s-start}}
!Previous!!!!Line!!!!Next
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Schiphol railway station|Schiphol]]|route=[[Thalys]]<br><small>Amsterdam-Paris</small>|col=dc143c}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Utrecht Centraal railway station|Utrecht<br>Centraal]]|route=[[CityNightLine]]<br><small>Pegasus</small>|col=0047AB}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Utrecht Centraal railway station|Utrecht<br>Centraal]]|route=[[CityNightLine]]<br><small>Pollux</small>|col=0047AB}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Duivendrecht]]|route=[[InterCityExpress]]<br><small>Amsterdam-Frankfurt</small>|col=}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Schiphol railway station|Schiphol]]|route=[[Dutchflyer|GoLondon]]<br><small>Amsterdam-London/Norwich|col=2A52BE}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Schiphol railway station|Schiphol]]|route=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]<br><small>Amsterdam-Brussels Intercity</small>|col=FFA000}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station|Amsterdam<br>Sloterdijk]]|route=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]<br><small>Amsterdam-Zandvoort/Uitgeest</small>|col=FFA000}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station|Amsterdam<br>Sloterdijk]]|route=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]<br><small>Amsterdam-Breda</small>|col=FFA000}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station|Amsterdam<br>Sloterdijk]]|route=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]<br><small>Amsterdam Centraal-Den Haag Central</small>|col=FFA000}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station|Amsterdam<br>Sloterdijk]]|route=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]<br><small>Amsterdam-Vlissingen</small>|col=FFA000}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Schiphol railway station|Schiphol]]|route=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]<br><small>Amsterdam-Schiphol Airport</small>|col=FFA000}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Hilversum]]|route=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]<br><small>Amsterdam-Leeuwarden/Enschede/<br>Groningen Intercity</small>|col=FFA000}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Amsterdam Muiderpoort|Amsterdam<br>Muiderpoort]]|route=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]<br><small>Amsterdam-Rotterdam Stoptrein</small>|col=FFA000}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Amsterdam Amstel|Amsterdam<br>Amstel]]|route=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]<br><small>Amsterdam-Utrecht/Nijmegen/<br>Maastricht/Heerlen Intercity</small>|col=FFA000}}
{{rail line|previous=[[Amsterdam Amstel railway station|Amsterdam Amstel]]|next=[[Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station|Amsterdam<br>Sloterdijk]]|route=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]<br><small>Utrecht-Den Helder Intercity</small>|col=FFA000}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station|Amsterdam<br>Sloterdijk]]|route=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]<br><small>Amsterdam-Enkhuizen</small>|col=FFA000}}
{{end box}}


[[Image:Presidente_ante_ejercito_mexicano.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Mexican President [[Felipe Calderón]] with a Mexican army brigade.]]
==[[Railway station layout]]==
[[Image:Centraal station.jpg|thumb|right|Amsterdam Centraal station at night]]


The '''Brigades''', all based in and around the [[Federal District]] (encompassing the [[Mexico City]] area), are the only real maneuver elements in the army. With their support units, they are believed to account for over 40 percent of the country's ground forces. According to ''The Military Balance'', published by the [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] in [[Oklahoma City]], the army has six brigades: one armored, two infantry, one motorized infantry, one airborne, and the [[Presidential Guard]] Brigade. The Third [[military police]] brigade was transferred to the [[Federal Preventive Police]] in 2008. The armored brigade is one of two new brigades formed since 1990 as part of a reorganization made possible by an increase in overall strength of about 25,000 troops. The brigade consists of three armored and one mechanized infantry regiment.
There are 15 tracks, of which 11 along a [[railway platform|platform]]:
*4 [[island platform]]s with on both sides tracks along the full length (tracks 4/5, 7/8, 10/11, 13/14)
*1 [[side platform]] with 1 track along the full length (15)
*1 [[bay platform]] / side platform with 2 tracks (1/2)


Distinct from the brigade formations are '''independent regiments''' (all regiments are battalion sized) and '''battalions''' assigned to zonal garrisons. These independent units consist of one armored cavalry regiment, nineteen motorized cavalry regiments, one mechanized infantry regiment, seven artillery regiments, and three artillery and eighteen infantry battalions. Infantry battalions are small and are each composed of approximately 300 troops, generally are deployed in each zone. Certain zones also are assigned an additional motorized cavalry regiment or one of the seven artillery regiments. Smaller detachments often are detailed to patrol more inaccessible areas of the countryside, helping to maintain order and resolve disputes.
10 of the 11 tracks along a platform have an a- and a b-side (all except track 1), hence there are 21 places where a [[train]] can be positioned for getting on and off.


Garrisons
One with on one side track along the full length (track 2), on the other side there is track only at the west end (track 1; bay platform), along the rest of the platform is the station building.


{|{{tablabonita}} align="center"
Tracks 3, 6, 9, and 12 have no platform.
|- style="background:#efefef;"

! '''Guarnición Militar'''
Diagram (platforms are yellow, tunnels are grey, north is up):
{|
|-
| El Ciprés, B.C.
|-
| Tecate, B.C.
|-
| San Felipe, B.C.
|-Totocuhitlapilco.
| San Luis Río Colorado, Son.
|-
| Agua Prieta, Son.
|-
| Sonoyta, Son.
|-
| Cd. Juárez, Chih.
|-
| Ojinaga, Chih.
|-
| Palomas, Chih.
|-
| Cd. Acuña, Coah.
|-
| Piedras Negras, Coah.
|-
| Nuevo Laredo, Tamps.
|-
| Matamoros, Tamps.
|-
| Manzanillo, Col.
|-
| Lázaro Cárdenas, Mich.
|-
| Puerto Escondido, Oax.
|-
| Coatzacoalcos, Ver.
|-
| San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chis.
|-
| Cozumel, Q. Roo.
|-
| Cancún, Q. Roo.
|-
| Palenque, Chis.
|-
| Comitán de Domínguez, Chis.
|-
|-
| Melaque, Jal.
|
|
| bgcolor=#888888 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|
| bgcolor=#888888 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|
| bgcolor=#888888 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|
|
|- bgcolor=yellow height=20px
| &nbsp;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|----
|15a
|==========
| bgcolor=#888888 |
|==========
| bgcolor=#888888 |
|==========
| bgcolor=#888888 |
|==========
|15b
|----
|14a
|==========
| bgcolor=#888888 |
|==========
| bgcolor=#888888 |
|==========
| bgcolor=#888888 |
|==========
|14b
|----
|- bgcolor=yellow height=20px
| &nbsp;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|----
|13a
|==========
| bgcolor=#888888 |
|==========
| bgcolor=#888888 |
|==========
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==Special Forces==
{{Railway Schiphol to Amsterdam Centraal}}
*[[Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales del Alto Mando]]
*[[Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales]]


== Equipment ==
{{Railway Haarlem to Amsterdam Centraal}}
=== Vehicles and other land equipment ===
* 120 [[ERC-90|Lynx 90]] AFV {{FRA}}
* 195 [[BDMX]] (DNC-1) wheeled APC {{BEL}}
* 40 [[AMX-10P]] IFV {{FRA}}
* 40 [[Panhard]] [[VBL|Véhicule Blindé Léger]] LAV {{FRA}}
* 40 [[Panhard]] [[ERC-90|VCR]] Wheeled APC {{FRA}}
* 40 [[Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé|VAB]] Wheeled APC {{FRA}}
* 409 [[AMX-VCI]] APC {{FRA}}
* 40 [[Henschel & Son|Henschell]] HWK-11 (DN-XL) IFV {{GER}} / {{MEX}}
* 6,000 [[HMMWV]]'s {{USA}}
* 26 [[V-150]] APC {{USA}}
* 24 DN-3 [[Diesel Nacional]] APC (Mexican version of The [[V-150]] ) {{MEX}}
* 50 DN-4 Caballo [[Diesel Nacional]] APC (Upgraded version of The DN-3) {{MEX}}
* 70 DN-5 Toro & Buffalo [[Diesel Nacional]] APC (Upgraded version of The DN-4) {{MEX}}
* 2 DN-VIII Condor [[Diesel Nacional]] {{MEX}}
* [[M35 2-1/2 ton cargo truck]]
* [[Light Strike Vehicle]]


==Active combat equipment of The Mexican Army==
==Amsterdam Metro==
===Assault rifles===
Amsterdam Centraal is also a major station on the Amsterdam Metro, with three of the four lines terminating there.
* [[FX-05]] 5.56mm or 6.8mm assault rifle replacing all [[Heckler & Koch G3|G3]] and [[M16 Rifle|M-16/M-4]] type rifles
* [[Heckler & Koch G3]] 7.62mm assault rifle being replaced by the [[FX-05]]
* [[Heckler & Koch HK33]] 5.56mm assault rifle used by Military Police
* [[Heckler & Koch G36]] 5.56mm assault rifle used by Military Police, Mountain Troops and Paratroopers
* [[Heckler & Koch HK416]] 5.56mm assault used in small numbers by Mountain troops, Special forces, and marines
* [[M16 rifle|M16]] 5.56mm assault rifle being replaced by the [[FX-05]]
* [[M4A1]] 5.56mm carbine being replaced by the [[FX-05]]
* [[IMI Galil]] 7.62 mm NATO assault rifle used in limited numbers by military police
* [[IMI Tavor TAR-21]] 5.66 assault rifle in use with Special Forces, Paratroopers and [[Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales]]
* [[Beretta AR70/90]] 5.56 mm assault rifle used in limited numbers
* [[FN F2000]] 5.56mm assault rifle used by [[Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales]] as well as Federal District and Guadalajara Military Police
* [[FN SCAR|FN SCAR-H]] 7.62mm assault rifle used by [[Mexican Special Forces|Mexican Army special forces]]
* [[Mondragón (rifle)|Mondragón F-08]] [[7 x 57 mm Mauser]] automatic rifle used for ceremonial occasions; the worlds first automatic rifle


===Submachine guns===
{{start}}
* [[Heckler & Koch MP5]] 9 mm Submachine Gun
!Previous!!!!Line!!!!Next
* [[Heckler & Koch UMP]] 11.43x23mm .45 ACP Submacine Gun
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Amsterdam Nieuwmarkt|Amsterdam<br>Nieuwmarkt]]|route=[[Amsterdam Metro|Line 51]]|col=FF9933}}
* [[FN P90]] 5.7x28mm Submachine Gun used by Marines, Army special forces and some infantry and border guard units
{{rail line|previous=[[Amsterdam Van Hasseltweg|Amsterdam<br>Van Hasseltweg]]|next=[[Amsterdam Rokin]]|route=[[Amsterdam Metro|Line 52]]<br><small>(under construction)</small>|col=3399FF}}
* [[Beretta Cx4 Storm]] 9 mm Heavy Submachine Gun
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Amsterdam Nieuwmarkt|Amsterdam<br>Nieuwmarkt]]|route=[[Amsterdam Metro|Line 53]]|col=FF3333}}
{{rail line|previous=Terminus|next=[[Amsterdam Nieuwmarkt|Amsterdam<br>Nieuwmarkt]]|route=[[Amsterdam Metro|Line 54]]|col=FFFF50}}
{{end box}}
[[Image:Amsterdam centraal side.jpg|thumb|right|Amsterdam Centraal station from the side.]]


==See also==
===Shotguns===
* [[Benelli M4 Super 90]] 12 gauge semi-automatic shotgun
*[[Railway stations in the Netherlands]]
* [[Remington 870]] 12 gauge pump action shotgun being replaced by the [[Benelli M4 Super 90]]
*[[List of tourist attractions in Amsterdam]]
* [[Atchisson Assault Shotgun]] 12 gauge automatic shotgun under army trials
*[[:nl:Stationsplein (Amsterdam)]] - Station square (in Dutch)
* [[Daewoo USAS-12|USAS-12]] 12 gauge automatic shotgun
* [[High Standard Model 10]] 12 gauge semi-automatic shotgun used by mechenized and armored troops


==References==
===Machine guns===
* [[M2 Browning machine gun|M2 machine gun]] .50 caliber 12.7 mm machine gun
{{Reflist}}
* [[FN MAG]] 7.62 mm Heavy Infantry Machine Gun
* [[GAU-19]] .50 Caliber six barreled machine gun
* [[Heckler & Koch HK21|HK21E]] 7.62 machine gun. Made under license from [[Heckler & Koch]]
* [[SA80|SA-80 Light Support Weapon]] 5.56 light machine gun used by special forces
* [[M249 Squad Automatic Weapon]] 5.56 mm light machine gun
* [[FN MINIMI]] 5.56 mm light machine gun
* [[Heckler & Koch MG4]] 5.56 mm light machine gun replacing the [[FN MINIMI]] & [[M249 Squad Automatic Weapon|M249 SAW]]
* [[Rheinmetall MG3]] 7.62 mm general purpose machine gun used in limited numbers


===Sniper rifles===
* {{cite news |last=Mak |first=Geert |title=Amsterdam, A Brief Life of the City |publisher=The Harvill Press |date=1999, Translated from the Dutch by Philipp Blom, Originally Published in 1994}}
* [[Heckler & Koch PSG1|Heckler & Koch MSG90]] 7.62x51mm NATO sniper rifle.
* [[FR F2 sniper rifle]] 7.62x51mm NATO sniper rifle used by paratroopers
* [[Barrett M82]] .50 Caliber 12.7×99mm NATO sniper rifle
* [[M24 Sniper Weapon System]] 7.62x51mm NATO sniper rifle

===Pistols===
* [[FN Five-seven]] 5.7x28mm standard armor piercing pistol
* [[Heckler & Koch USP]] 11.43x23mm .45 ACP or 9x19mm side arm replacing [[Beretta 92]] and some [[Glock pistol|Glock Pistols]]
* [[Beretta 92]] 9x19mm or 10x22mm .40 S&W side arm being replaced by [[Heckler & Koch USP]]
* [[Glock pistol]] 11.43x23mm .45 ACP or 9x19mm side arm used by some infantry and military police uits
* [[Desert Eagle]] .50 AE pistol used by some infantry and military police units
* [[SIG P220]] .45 ACP or 9 mm pistol
* [[SIG P226]] 9 mm pistol used by military police and presidential guard
* [[Walther P99]] .40 S&W pistol used by military police and airborne units
* [[AMT AutoMag V]] used by artillery troops and armored crews
* [[Browning Hi-Power]] used by Military police and some airborne units
*[[Model No. 1|M1 50GI]] .50 GI 12.7x45mm pistol used by Military police in Baja California, Distrito Federal, Coahuila and Veracruz

===Grenade Launchers===
* [[Milkor MGL]] 40 mm semi automatic grenade launcher (XRGL40)
* [[Heckler & Koch GMG]] 40 mm infantry granade machine gun
* [[Mk 19 grenade launcher|Mk 19]] 40mm grenade machine gun
* [[Mk 47 Striker]] 40mm grenade machine gun replacing [[Mk 19 grenade launcher|Mk 19]]
* [[M203 grenade launcher]] 40mm grenade launcher for M16 and M-4.
* [[Heckler & Koch AG-C/EGLM]] Repacing [[M203 grenade launcher]] as grenade launcher on [[M16 rifle|M16]], [[M4 carbine|M-4]] and [[AR-15]] type rifles.
* [[AG36]] 40mm grenade launcher for [[FX-05]] and [[G-36]]

===Anti-Aircraft Missle===
* [[RBS 70]] [[MANPADS]] Anti-aircraft missile system
* [[9K38 Igla]] [[MANPADS]] Anti-aircraft missile system

===Anti-tank missile systems===
* [[MILAN]] [[Anti-tank guided missile]] mounted on [[Véhicule Blindé Léger|VBL]] scout vehicles
* [[M47 Dragon]] Anti-tank guided missile
* [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] Anti-tank guided missile
* [[FGM-148 Javelin]] Anti-tank guided missile

===Anti-tank gun===
* [[M40 recoilless rifle|M40 106 mm recoilless rifle]] anti-tank gun mounted on [[High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle]]

===Anti-tank rocket weapon system===
* [[B-300]] 80 mm light anti-tank rocket
* Blindcide 83 mm light anti-tank rocket fully retired by 2010
* [[M72 LAW]] being replaced by Panzerfaust 3
* [[AT4]] 84 mm anti-tank rocket replacing the Blindcide anti-tank rocket

===Artillery===
* [[M198 howitzer|M198]] 155 mm gun-Howitzer
* [[M101 howitzer|M101 ]] 105 mm towed Howitzer
* [[OTO Melara Mod 56]] 105 mm towed Howitzer
* [[G5 howitzer]] 155 mm Howitzer
* [[TRF1]] 155 mm Gun-Howitzer

===Mortars===
* [[M224 Mortar]]
* [[Brandt 60 mm LR Gun-mortar]]
* [[M1 Mortar]]
* [[M29 Mortar]]

==See also==
* [[Federales]]
* [[Rurales]]
* [http://rtvmodeler.com/MEX/tierra/global.htm Photos of the Mexican Army, National Marine and Air Force ]
* [http://www.sedena.gob.mx Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional - Fabrica de armas y equipos]
* [http://www.saorbats.com.ar/articulos/orbatMexico2006.pdf Inventario 2006]


==External links==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{commons|category:Amsterdam Central station|Amsterdam Central station}}
{{coor title d|52.379|N|4.900|E|type:landmark_region:NL}}
*Schematic maps of all tracks, [[Railroad switch|switches]] and [[railway platform|platforms]]:
**[http://www.sporenplan.nl/html_nl/sporenplan/ns/ns_normaal/asd_w.html west side]
**[http://www.sporenplan.nl/html_nl/sporenplan/ns/ns_normaal/asd_o.html east side]
* Maps of the station buildings (on the NS website):
**[http://www.ns.nl/servlet/MapServer?station=asd&level=omg&lang=en surroundings]
**[http://www.ns.nl/servlet/MapServer?station=asd&level=bg&lang=en concourse level]
**[http://www.ns.nl/servlet/MapServer?station=asd&level=1&lang=en platform level]
*[http://www15.brinkster.com/stationsweb/station.asp?station=amsterdamcs pictures at Stationsweb],


[[Category:Railway stations in Amsterdam|Centraal]]
[[Category:Armies by country|Mexico]]
[[Category:Railway stations opened in 1889]]
[[Category:Military of Mexico|Army]]


[[da:Amsterdam Centraal]]
[[es:Ejército mexicano]]
[[nl:Mexicaanse Leger]]
[[de:Bahnhof Amsterdam Centraal]]
[[fr:Gare d'Amsterdam Centraal]]
[[nl:Station Amsterdam Centraal]]
[[ja:アムステルダム中央駅]]
[[pl:Amsterdam Centraal Station]]
[[pt:Amsterdam Centraal]]
[[ru:Центральный вокзал Амстердама]]
[[sk:Amsterdam Centraal (železničná stanica)]]
[[sv:Amsterdam Centraal]]

Revision as of 03:39, 11 October 2008

Military of Mexico
Components
Personnel
History and awards

The Mexican Army is the land branch and largest of the Mexican Military services; it also is known as the National Defence Army. It is famous for having been the first army to adopt and use an automatic rifle (The Mondragón rifle) in 1899, and the first to issue automatic weapons as standard issue weapons, in 1910. In September 2007 the Secretary of Defense reported that the Mexican Army consisted of 181,356 men and women serving (ca. 0.16 per cent of the population), but the IISS Military Balance 2007 listed the active duty force as 183,700.[1]

Since the early 2000s the Army has steadily modernised to become competitive with the armies of other Latin American countries.[2] An interesting proof of the Army's increased budget is domestic production of the new FX-05 Assault Rifle.

Organization

File:Ejercito Mexicano.jpg
Mexican Army 2008

The Army is under authority of the National Defense Secretariat or SEDENA. It has three components: a national headquarters, territorial commands, and independent units. The Minister of Defence commands the Army via a centralized command system and many general officers. The Army uses a modified continental staff system in its headquarters. The Mexican Air Force is a branch of the Mexican Army.

Regional organization

México is divided into twelve Military Regions composed of forty-four sub-ordinate Military Zones [the 2007 ed. of the IISS lists 12 regions, 45 zones], the enumeration is for nominal designation. There is no fixed number of zones in a region, therefore operational needs determine how many or how few, with corresponding increases and decreases in troop strength.

The President of Mexico appoints Military Zone commanders, usually on the secretary of defence's recommendation. The senior zone commander also is commander of the military region containing the military zone. A military zone commander has jurisdiction over every unit operating in his territory, including the Rurales (Rural Defense Force) that occasionally have been Federal political counterweight to the power of state governors. Zone commanders provide the national defence secretary with socio-political conditions intelligence about rural areas. Moreover, they traditionally have acted in co-ordination with the Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA) on planning and resources deployment.

Región Militar Sede Estados que la conforman
I México, D.F. Distrito Federal, Hidalgo, Estado de México, Morelos.
II Mexicali, B.C. Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora.
III Mazatlan, Sin. Sinaloa, Durango.
IV Monterrey, N.L. Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas.
V Guadalajara, Jal. Aguascalientes, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Zacatecas.
VI Veracruz, Ver. Puebla, Tlaxcala, parte centro y norte de Veracruz.
VII Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chis. Chiapas, Tabasco.
VIII Ixcotel, Oax. Oaxaca, parte sur de Veracruz.
IX Cumbres de Llano Largo, Gro. Guerrero.
X Mérida, Yuc. Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatán.
XI Torreón, Coah. Chihuahua, Coahuila.
XII Irapuato, Gto. Guanajuato, Michoacán, Querétaro.

Zones

Tactical units

The primary units of the Mexican army are six brigades and a number of independent regiments and infantry battalions.

File:Presidente ante ejercito mexicano.jpg
Mexican President Felipe Calderón with a Mexican army brigade.

The Brigades, all based in and around the Federal District (encompassing the Mexico City area), are the only real maneuver elements in the army. With their support units, they are believed to account for over 40 percent of the country's ground forces. According to The Military Balance, published by the International Institute for Strategic Studies in Oklahoma City, the army has six brigades: one armored, two infantry, one motorized infantry, one airborne, and the Presidential Guard Brigade. The Third military police brigade was transferred to the Federal Preventive Police in 2008. The armored brigade is one of two new brigades formed since 1990 as part of a reorganization made possible by an increase in overall strength of about 25,000 troops. The brigade consists of three armored and one mechanized infantry regiment.

Distinct from the brigade formations are independent regiments (all regiments are battalion sized) and battalions assigned to zonal garrisons. These independent units consist of one armored cavalry regiment, nineteen motorized cavalry regiments, one mechanized infantry regiment, seven artillery regiments, and three artillery and eighteen infantry battalions. Infantry battalions are small and are each composed of approximately 300 troops, generally are deployed in each zone. Certain zones also are assigned an additional motorized cavalry regiment or one of the seven artillery regiments. Smaller detachments often are detailed to patrol more inaccessible areas of the countryside, helping to maintain order and resolve disputes.

Garrisons

Guarnición Militar
El Ciprés, B.C.
Tecate, B.C.
San Felipe, B.C.
San Luis Río Colorado, Son.
Agua Prieta, Son.
Sonoyta, Son.
Cd. Juárez, Chih.
Ojinaga, Chih.
Palomas, Chih.
Cd. Acuña, Coah.
Piedras Negras, Coah.
Nuevo Laredo, Tamps.
Matamoros, Tamps.
Manzanillo, Col.
Lázaro Cárdenas, Mich.
Puerto Escondido, Oax.
Coatzacoalcos, Ver.
San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chis.
Cozumel, Q. Roo.
Cancún, Q. Roo.
Palenque, Chis.
Comitán de Domínguez, Chis.
Melaque, Jal.

Special Forces

Equipment

Vehicles and other land equipment

Active combat equipment of The Mexican Army

Assault rifles

Submachine guns

Shotguns

Machine guns

Sniper rifles

Pistols

Grenade Launchers

Anti-Aircraft Missle

Anti-tank missile systems

Anti-tank gun

Anti-tank rocket weapon system

  • B-300 80 mm light anti-tank rocket
  • Blindcide 83 mm light anti-tank rocket fully retired by 2010
  • M72 LAW being replaced by Panzerfaust 3
  • AT4 84 mm anti-tank rocket replacing the Blindcide anti-tank rocket

Artillery

Mortars

See also

References

  1. ^ IISS Military Balance 2007, p.79
  2. ^ Jornada: report From General Guillermo Galván, Minister of Defense
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