Železná (Bělá nad Radbuzou)

Železná
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Plzeňský kraj
District :	Domažlice
Municipality :	Bělá nad Radbuzou
Area :	1799 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 35 '  N , 12 ° 35'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 35 '3 "  N , 12 ° 34' 51"  E
Height:	510  m nm
Residents :	28 (2001)
Postal code :	345 25
License plate :	P

Železná (2013)

Železná (German Eisendorf ) is a part of the municipality of Bělá nad Radbuzou (German Weißensulz ) in Okres Domažlice in West Bohemia in the Czech Republic .

Geographical location

Železná is located directly on the German-Czech border and forms a border crossing with Tillyschanz, which is on the German side . The state road in 2155 comes from Eslarn by Tillyschanz, crossed the border to the Czech Republic and continues there as a road No. 197, by Železná to Bělá nad Radbuzou (German: Weißensulz). Leads. The Fahrbach (Farský potok) comes from Lindau . It is dammed up at Železná to form the 8-hectare mill pond (Železenský rybník), which it leaves through the fall hole. 2.5 km further north it flows into the Natschbach, which finally flows into the Pfreimd at the Pfrentschwiese , which is still called "Katharinabach" there.

Eisendorf information board (2013)

history

14th to 18th century

Eisendorf was founded in the middle of the 14th century in connection with the search for iron ore in this area. In 1548 Eisendorf was first mentioned in a document in an inheritance agreement between the Schwanenbergers on Pfraumberg. Around this time, the Schwanenberg fief knight Pergler von Perglas founded the lower village and the manor.

The attacks by the Hussites between 1416 and 1436 destroyed the iron industry in the Bavarian border region. From 1450 new hammer mills were built and iron mining was revived.

During the Thirty Years' War the fighting between General Tilly and General Mansfeld took place around Eisendorf in 1621 . In the course of the Counter Reformation after the Battle of the White Mountain on November 8, 1620, the Eisendorfer squire was chased away and Eisendorf came into the possession of squire Laminger von Albenreuth auf Heiligenkreuz , who had remained Catholic. At the end of the 17th century, glassworks began to expand, and their demand for wood led to extensive clearing. In 1769, Eisendorf came into the possession of the Kotz von Dobrz family through marriage .

19th to mid-20th century

At the end of the 19th century, modern times came with the establishment of a post office, the introduction of telegraph traffic, the founding of a Raiffeisen savings and loan fund, a cattle breeding cooperative and the purchase of threshing and chopping machines that were still hand-operated at the time. As an income opportunity for women and girls, the lace and Toledo sewing shop was introduced and a sewing school was founded. In 1905 Eisendorf became a market town. Eisendorf had had electricity since 1927. From 1929 there was a bus connection Eisendorf - Weißensulz - Waier - Ronsperg .

At the beginning of the 20th century, Eisendorf had six inns, four butchers, five general goods dealers, two textile and haberdashery stores, two roller mills, two shoemakers, two men's tailors, one ladies' tailor, two wagons, three blacksmiths and carts, two carpenters and furniture makers, one Saddlers, a hairdresser, a watchmaker, a nurse and a midwife. The census of December 1, 1930 reports the following result for Eisendorf:

• Eisendorf: 174 houses, 1092 German residents, 35 Czechs, 11 foreigners
• Eisendorfhütte: 6 houses, 42 German residents
• Franzlhütte: 23 houses, 154 German residents, 3 foreigners
• Ruhstein: 34 houses, 174 German residents
• Walddorf: 28 houses, 176 German residents

Eisendorf Mühlweiher (2013)

After the Munich Agreement , Eisendorf was added to the German Empire and until 1945 belonged to the Bischofteinitz district .

Mid 20th century to the present

Today (2013) only about 15 houses on the east side of the original village of Eisendorf are preserved. The entire development on the west side of the village was removed in the 1960s.

St. Barbara's Church, built in 1718, was demolished in the 1960s and barracks were built in its place.

On the northwest bank of the Mühlweiher, where the castle used to stand, there is now a small park with a pavilion over cellar vaults that were discovered during excavation work. At the end of the 20th century these were open to the public. The entrance was later closed due to disrepair. A promenade leads around the Mühlweiher.

At the border crossing there is a duty free shop, a restaurant, a bistro, a gas station and several stalls operated by Vietnamese .

Lost districts of Eisendorf

Eisendorfhütte

Eisendorfhütte

Two kilometers south of Eisendorf was Eisendorfhütte, where the oldest glassworks in the area was built in 1591 and existed until 1900. In addition, Eisendorfhütte had a glass grinding shop, an inn, a forester's house and cattle sheds, which Baron Kotz built after the glassworks was closed to use the meadows that had been created by the logging for the glassworks.

In 1900 Eisendorfhütte consisted of 10 houses in which 46 people lived.

Franzelhütte

Franzelhütte

Three kilometers south of Eisendorf, right on the Bavarian border, was Franzelhütte, where Elias Zahn founded a glassworks in 1741. The owner was Franziska Zucker von Tamfeld, hence the name Franzelhütte. The glassworks made sheet glass, pearls and mirrors. In 1797 the glassworks was closed.

There was also a school in Franzelhütte, a branch of Eisendorf, a few small farmers and an inn.

In 1900 the village of Franzelhütte consisted of 18 houses in which 192 people lived.

Ruhstein

Two kilometers east of Eisendorf, Ruhstein was about 100 m higher than Eisendorf. In front of the site is a large granite block on which the pedestrians who had climbed the ascent to Ruhstein from Eisendorf rested - hence the name Ruhstein. At first, Holzhauer and Köhler lived in Ruhstein. Then, when the glassworks went into operation in Walddorf in 1696, also glassmaker. In Ruhstein there was a school that was the branch of Eisendorf.

In 1900 the village of Ruhstein consisted of 29 houses in which 202 people lived.

Forest village

Walddorf was three kilometers southeast of Eisendorf. At first, woodcutters and charcoal burners lived in Walddorf. Baron Kotz had a wooden hunting lodge built here instead of a hunting lodge. In 1669 a glassworks was founded in Walddorf. After 1800 the glassmakers emigrated. A steam saw was built in 1868, which brought new work opportunities. However, it was moved to Tillyschanz as early as 1884 . A schoolhouse was built in 1894 and a water pipe in 1929.

A fountain with an inscription reminds today (2013) of the former settlement.

In 1900 the place Walddorf consisted of 24 houses in which 227 people lived.

education

In 1925 a kindergarten was set up in Eisendorf, for which Peter Siegler made his property available and whose construction was financed by Baron Kotz. The kindergarten teachers were sisters of St. Vincent . In 1891 a new school building was built in Eisendorf. It was a four-class elementary school with one or two parallel classes.

In 1918 the First Czechoslovak Republic was founded. Czech became the official language. As a result, a Czech minority school was established in Eisendorf in 1926. Some efforts have been made to include German children in this Czech school in order to teach them the Czech language. So were z. B. German officials who did not send their children to the Czech elementary school were transferred.

religion

In 1631 Eisendorf belonged to the parish of Heiligenkreuz and had an emergency church. In 1718 a brick church was built and consecrated to St. Barbara .

In 1909 the church got a new organ. In 1916 the church was renovated and got a four-part bell. The church was demolished in the 1960s and barracks were built in its place.

economy

The main source of income was agriculture. Up until 1880 there were opportunities to earn money through the timber industry, charcoal burning and iron ore mining. Before 1900 workers were also employed in the glassworks. The steam saw in Tillyschanz and Count Kolowrat's sawmill in Dianaberg offered additional jobs. Those who could not find work locally went to northern Bohemia, Saxony and Bavaria as a bricklayer or day laborer and brought their wages home from there. Smuggling across the German-Czech border also provided a certain income.

From 1880, lace sewing was an attractive source of income for women and girls.

Culture and sights

The Way of St. James from Prague to Tillyschanz ends in Železná. It comes from Karlova Huť , about five kilometers to the east , via Walddorf and Ruhstein. It is marked with I24 and is called Svatojakubská cesta in Czech.

The Way of St. James is continued in Tillyschanz by the Franconian Way of St. James . The next village is Eslarn .

Eisendorf (Železná) Kreuzsteinock

From the center of the village towards the north, a path leads between the former barracks and large cow stalls up to the 546 meter high Kreuzsteinock (Výhledy). It's a little hill with a cross and a bench on top. From here you have a view to the south to the Plattenberg (Velký Zvon) and to the north to Diana .

literature

• Franz Liebl u. a. (Ed.): Our home district Bischofteinitz with the German settlements in the district of Taus. Furth in the forest 1967.

Web links

Commons : Železná  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Eisendorf

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/751171/Zelezna-u-Smolova
2. ↑ ^{a b} Český les jih Turistická mapa. VKU akciová spoločnost´, Harmanec 2004
3. ↑ Karl Dimpl by John Siegler, Karl Ziegler, Peter Siegler, Josef Meier Schwarz, Karl Mann Pöhnl, Fritz Holl: Eisendorf. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, p. 310.
4. ^ Teresa Guggenmoos: The nature. In: Heribert Batzl (ed.): The district of Oberviechtach in the past and present. Publishing house for authorities and economy R. Alfred Hoeppner, Aßling / Obb. and Munich 1970, p. 28.
5. ↑ Karl Dimpl by John Siegler, Karl Ziegler, Peter Siegler, Josef Meier Schwarz, Karl Mann Pöhnl, Fritz Holl: Eisendorf. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, pp. 311-312.
6. ↑ Karl Dimpl by John Siegler, Karl Ziegler, Peter Siegler, Josef Meier Schwarz, Karl Mann Pöhnl, Fritz Holl: Eisendorf. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, pp. 312-314.
7. ↑ Karl Dimpl by John Siegler, Karl Ziegler, Peter Siegler, Josef Meier Schwarz, Karl Mann Pöhnl, Fritz Holl: Eisendorf. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, p. 315.
8. ↑ Census results from December 1, 1930. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Ed.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler KG, Eichstätt 1967, p. 882
9. ↑ http://www.zanikleobce.cz/index.php?obec=2883
10. ↑ Karl Dimpl: iron village hut. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, pp. 315-316.
11. ↑ ^{a b c d} K.K. Central Statistical Commission, Community encyclopedia of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Imperial Council. Edited on the basis of the results of the census of December 31, 1900. Volume IX Bohemia (Vienna 1904) p. 38.
12. ↑ Karl Dimpl: Franzelhütte. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, p. 317.
13. ↑ Karl Dimpl: Ruhstein. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, p. 353.
14. ↑ Karl Dimpl: Forest village. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, pp. 366-367.
15. ↑ ^{a b} Karl Dimpl by John Siegler, Karl Ziegler, Peter Siegler, Josef Meier Schwarz, Karl Mann Pöhnl, Fritz Holl: Eisendorf. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, p. 314.
16. ↑ Karl Dimpl by John Siegler, Karl Ziegler, Peter Siegler, Josef Meier Schwarz, Karl Mann Pöhnl, Fritz Holl: Eisendorf. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, pp. 314-315.
17. ↑ http://www.jakobus-info.de/ultreia/tschechien.htm
18. ↑ http://jakobswege-nach-burgund.de/Prag-Eslarn/