Alexander Andreevich Raspletin

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Alexander Andreyevich Raspletin ( Russian Александр Андреевич Расплетин ; born August 12 . Jul / 25. August  1908 greg. In Rybinsk , † 8. March 1967 in Moscow ) was a Russian radio engineer , cybernetics and rocket engineer .

Life

Raspletin's father Andrei Alexandrowitsch Raspletin was a merchant and owner of a clothes shop. He was shot dead after the October Revolution in the summer of 1918 after the Yaroslavl uprising was put down , as he was mistaken for his hidden brother Constantine.

During his visit to the nine-year Lunacharsky School in Rybinsk (1918–1926), Raspletin became enthusiastic about radio technology , built his own radio and founded and headed a radio technology group at the school when the amateur radio movement was legalized in 1924 and the first magazine Radio appeared. He played the baritone horn in the school's wind orchestra . In 1925 he became a member of the office of the municipal society of radio amateurs, which elected him as chairman of the section for shortwave (1926–1929). He was one of the first officially registered radio amateurs and leader of the amateur radio movement in Rybinsk.

After graduating from school in 1926, Raspletin worked as a stoker in the Rybinsk power station . In June 1927 he became an electrician in Camp 34 of the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs . In 1928 he built himself a transmitter and went into radio communication with many countries. As a delegate he took part in December 1928 at the 1st All-Russian Conference of Shortwave Radio Operators in Moscow. In February 1929 he began working as a radio mechanic and soon became head of the cinema and radio base of the Rybinsk Department of Popular Education.

1930 came Raspletin at the invitation of his radio amateur friend Theodor Gauchman to Leningrad and began on February 14, his work as a radio mechanic in quartz -Laboratorium at the Comintern radio factory . In addition, he began evening studies at the low-voltage technical center. Soon the quartz laboratory was part of the Leningrad Central Radio Laboratory. There he carried out his first developments in the use of quartz crystals. In 1931 he married his colleague Olga Tweritina, with whom he had their son Wiktor in 1932.

After graduating with honors from his technical college in 1932, Raspletin began evening studies at the Leningrad Electrical Engineering Institute (LETI). He then worked in television laboratory of Alexander Lvovich Minz , improved the mechanical and electronic systems and became a group leader soon. On April 30, 1934, he received his first inventor recognition for his device for synchronization on television. He completed his LETI studies in 1936 with his diploma project on control and synchronization in high-quality devices. The Central Radio Laboratory now became part of the Leningrad Physics-Technical Institute (LFTI), which was the non-public research institute NII-9 from 1935 to 1942. There Raspletin led the development of the television set KVN-49 together with Wladimir Konstantinowitsch Kenigson (1903–1952) . Raspletin was working on an aviation television reconnaissance system . In 1938–1940 he developed the televisions TE-1 with a 1.0 m × 1.2 m screen and TE-2 with a 2 m × 3 m screen, production of which began in 1940-1941. In addition, he gave lectures and lectures in the Leningrad Radio Club, which then appeared in print.

After the start of the German-Soviet War , Raspletin and the employees of the NII-9 were sent to build the Luga defense line. After the beginning of the Leningrad blockade , Raspletin was involved in converting the VHF transmitter to shortwave operation in early September 1941 and then in organizing the production of small radio stations. At his suggestion was in January 1942 for the air defense a television transmission system with a RUS-2 - radar station at the Leningrad front developed. On February 26, 1942, Raspletin and his group were evacuated to Krasnoyarsk on the Road of Life . Raspletin's wife and mother died during the blockade. In Krasnoyarsk, he continued research and development for an air surveillance system .

In September 1942, the Raspletin group was transferred to Moscow to the design office of the All Union Institute for Electrical Engineering . Raspletin was the scientific director of the development of a control system for fighter planes . In November 1943 Raspletin and his group were accepted as Laboratory No. 13 in the Central Research Institute for Radio Technology in Moscow, founded in July 1943 on the initiative of Axel Ivanovich Berg as the All-Russian Research Institute WNII-108 , where he continued his development. At the same time, a system for bombers to warn of rearward attacks was developed on the basis of the British Monica system and was produced from the end of 1944. Another system with television receivers in fighters was used during the blockade of Wroclaw . In 1945 he became a member of the CPSU .

After the war, Raspletin studied German radar technology and the means of electronic warfare in the Soviet zone of occupation . He was now chief designer for artillery reconnaissance . In addition, he continued his developments for civil television, which led to the Soviet PAL standard. On March 7, 1947, he defended his dissertation for a doctorate as a candidate in technical sciences .

Envelope of the Post Office of the USSR with Raspletin's portrait

At the end of August 1950, Raspletin was transferred to the new KB-1 design office as head of the radar department . He was now the deputy chief designer of the first Soviet anti-aircraft missile S-25 Berkut next to the other vice chief designer Sergo Lavrentjewitsch Beria (son Lavrenti Berias ) and the chief designer Pavel Nikolayevich Kuksenko . Further work led to the B-200 radar system and finally to the S-300 anti-aircraft missile system with group antenna .

After Lavrenti Beria was arrested and Kuksenko was dismissed, Raspletin became chief designer of the expanded Berkut S-25 system in May 1953 . In 1956 he received his doctorate in technical sciences . In 1958 he was elected a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)). At the end of 1960 he became the general designer of the KB-1. His previous experimental design office (OKB) was now headed by his deputy Boris Wassiljewitsch Bunkin . In 1964 Raspletin became a full member of the AN-SSSR.

Under Raspletin's direction, the S-75 , S-125 , S-200 and S-300 systems were created according to the S-25 system . The S-225 missile defense system was also developed. In collaboration with the OKB-52 under Vladimir Chelomey to Raspletin involved in the development of Oko - early warning satellites and radar early warning system SPRN.

Raspletin died after a stroke and was buried in Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery.

In 1976 the International Astronomical Union named the lunar crater Raspletin on the inner edge of the Gagarin crater on the back of the moon after Raspletin. Every three years, the RAN Presidium awards the Raspletin Gold Medal for excellent work in the field of industrial control systems . Raspletin's name is given to the Almas-Antei - armaments company and a street in Moscow and Rybinsk.

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Chronos: Расплетин Александр Андреевич (accessed March 11, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d Landeshelden: Расплетин Александр Андреевич (accessed on March 11, 2019).
  3. ↑ Вестник ПВО: А. А. Расплетин (accessed March 11, 2019).
  4. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: РАСПЛЕ́ТИН Александр Андреевич (accessed March 11, 2019).
  5. ↑ СОВЕТ НАРОДНЫХ КОМИССАРОВ СССР ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ от 28 июля 1924 года О ЧАСТНЫХ ПРИЕМНЫХ РАДИОСТАНЦИЯХ (accessed March 7, 2019).
  6. ↑ a b Опубликовано (стр. 508) в книге "Расплетин. 100 летию со дня рождения посвящается" изданной "Международным объединенным биографическим центром" в 2008 году с предисловием Президента РАН Осипова Ю.С. (accessed on March 7, 2019).
  7. ↑ Георгий Члиянц (UY5XE), Борис Степанов (RU3AX): Листая старые "Call Book" и не только … (1925–1941) . СПОЛОМ, Lviv -Moscow 2008.
  8. ↑ Сухарев Е. М .: Роль А. А. Расплетина в истории создания первых отечественных телевизионных приемников » . In: Электросвязь . No. 1 , 2008, p. 18–22 ( bykhmark.ru [PDF; 3.2 MB ; accessed on March 11, 2019]).
  9. ↑ Сухарев Е. М .: А. А. Расплетин и телевизионные методы отображения воздушной обстановки (часть 2) . In: Электросвязь . No. 2 , 2008, p. 7–13 ( bykhmark.ru [PDF; 1.3 MB ; accessed on March 11, 2019]).
  10. ↑ Сухарев Е. М .: Создание А. А. Расплетиным самолетной телевизионной системы разведки и наведения на цель . In: Электросвязь . No. 4 , 2008, p. 10–12 ( bykhmark.ru [PDF; 901 kB ; accessed on March 11, 2019]).
  11. ↑ a b М. М. Лобанов: Наземная РЛС СНАР-1 . In: Развитие советской радиолокационной техники . Воениздат, 1982 ( hist.rloc.ru [accessed March 11, 2019]).
  12. ↑ Евгений Сухарев: Участие А. А. Расплетина в разработках и реализации стандартов черно-белого телевидения » . In: Стандарт 625 строк: мировое признание . Издательство 625, Moscow 2008 ( archive.org [accessed March 11, 2019]).
  13. ↑ Карл Самуилович Альперович: Годы работы над системой ПВО Москвы 1950–1955: записки инженера . Изд-во "Арт-Бизнес-Центр", 2003, ISBN 5-7287-0238-4 .
  14. ↑ a b RAN: Расплетин Александр Андреевич (accessed March 11, 2019).
  15. ↑ Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Raspletin (accessed March 11, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Raspletin, Alexander Andrejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Расплетин, Александр Андреевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian radio engineer, cyberneticist and missile designer
DATE OF BIRTH August 25, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Rybinsk
DATE OF DEATH March 8, 1967
Place of death Moscow