Alexander Lvovich Mint

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Alexander Lvovich Minz (postage stamp of the Post of the USSR 1975)

Alexander Lvovich Minz ( Russian Александр Львович Минц * December 27, 1894 . Jul / 8. January  1895 greg. In Rostov-on-Don , † 29. December 1974 in Moscow ) was a Soviet physicist and radio technician .

Life

Minz, the son of a manufacturer, was enthusiastic about chemistry and model aircraft construction from an early age . In 1913 he graduated from the 2nd Rostov grammar school NP Stepanov with a gold medal. After the beginning of World War I , in 1915 he began studying at the physics and mathematics faculty of the Don Polytechnic Institute in Novocherkassk . A year later he moved to the University of Moscow and studied at the Municipal Moscow simultaneously Schanjawski - People's University , the physics course of Pyotr Petrovich Lazarev was headed. Lazarev invited Minz to do scientific work in his laboratory. On September 30th Jul. / October 13,  1916 greg. presented mint as its first invention, a system to disrupt a hostile radio station by frequency modulation before.

After the October Revolution during the Russian Civil War , units of the 1st Red Cavalry Army invaded Rostov-on-Don in 1920 . While the Minz family fled, Minz stayed in town. When he resisted the expropriation of his father's house, he was arrested and threatened with shooting. However, he was able to convince the officers to use radio links in the cavalry army. He was not only released, but also appointed commander of a radio division with 125 men and 13 radio stations. When the 1st Red Cavalry Army was dissolved in 1921, Minz was assigned to Moscow to the Red Army Telecommunications College. There he was head of the radio faculty and headed the radio laboratory. Under the scientific direction of Michail Wassiljewitsch Schuleikins , Minz carried out studies on the propagation of short waves . Another aim of his work was to replace the spark transmitters with transmitters with electron tubes . In 1922 he built the first army radio station with electron tubes, which began operating in 1923 with the identification ALM according to his initials. These radio stations were used until the German-Soviet War , while the radio transmitters were withdrawn from service until 1928.

In August 1923, Minz became head of the Research and Experimental Institute of the Army's Telecommunications Council, which was founded in April 1923. Under his direction, the first radio broadcasts of concerts , operas , theater performances and also of events in streets and squares were carried out. He examined the acoustics of the premises and developed a method for mixing the signals from several microphones . He also supported radio amateurs, led associations and wrote essays for popular scientific magazines under the pseudonym A. Moduljator.

When, on the initiative of Grigori Konstantinowitsch Ordzhonikidses, the establishment of high-performance radio stations came about in 1928 , a small group of specialists under the leadership of Minz was sent to Leningrad , where they established themselves as an independent office for high-performance radio station construction . This office was the cornerstone for the emerging combine for building the broadcasting infrastructure . In the autumn of 1929, a 100 kW radio station was planned , which held a top position worldwide and was visited by foreign specialists. Minz was also interested in radar and television . In 1930 he set up the first television laboratory in the USSR in Leningrad .

In February 1931 Minz was arrested together with 6 scientists and sentenced to 5 years in prison on June 6, 1931 for sabotaging radio communications by the Red Army. As early as July 8, 1931, the OGPU decided that he was released again and commissioned to build a long-wave transmitter with an output of 500 kW that had not yet been achieved anywhere in the world.

In 1932 Minz completed a course at the Moscow Science Combine for Telecommunications as an external student and received a patent for an image display that was the basis for the interlace method . Under his leadership, Anton Jakowlewitsch Breitbart (1901–1986) developed a mechanical television set with a screen of 27 cm × 27 cm (1200 picture elements, 30 lines, 12.5 frames / s ) as well as a 14 kHz transmitter and studio equipment for industrial applications . This was followed by the first Soviet series television B-2 , which was produced from 1933.

On May 1, 1933, the 500 kW transmitter Comintern developed by Minz was put into operation with 6 100 kW generators connected in parallel . The Radio Corporation of America later took this mint development as a basis for their station in Cincinnati . In 1934 Minz received his doctorate in technical sciences without defending a dissertation . Leonid Isaakowitsch Mandelstam praised Minz as one of the most important radio specialists.

After Minz came back from a visit to the United States as chief designer of the Research Institute NII-33 of the People's Commissariat for Defense Industry, Minz was arrested again on May 7, 1938 for involvement in an anti-Soviet right - wing Trotskyist organization, sabotage in Factory No. 208 and espionage for a foreign one Country. As a prisoner on remand, he now worked in the special construction department of the NKVD office . On May 28, 1940, he was sentenced to 10 years in a camp by the Military College of the Supreme Court of the USSR . After the start of the German-Soviet War, Minz was released on July 10, 1941 on personal orders from Stalin with the task of building a medium-wave transmitter in Kuibyshev with the then fantastic output of 1200 kW for transmissions to the occupied territories. In 1942 the transmitter started operating.

In 1946 Minz was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, from 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)). In the same year, Laboratory No. 11, headed by Minz, was established as part of the Lebedev Institute of the AN-SSSR to deal with the scientific and technical problems of the Soviet atomic bomb project supervised by Lavrenti Beria . In 1947 the laboratory became part of the Kurchatov Institute . In particular, microwave generators for particle accelerators and systems for controlled fusion energy generation were developed. Minz was scientific director of the development of controls for the great Soviet cyclotrons and linear accelerators , especially for the synchrotron , which was commissioned in 1957, the proton - synchrotron of the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics and the Serpukhov protons Synchrotron U-70 of the Institute for high energy physics in Protvino .

In the 1950s, work began on building large radar stations for a missile defense system . In 1956, by decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR , Minz became one of the chief designers. In 1957 his laboratory became the independent Radiotechnical Institute (RTI) of the AN-SSSR under his direction. In 1958 he became a full member of the AN-SSSR. In 1961 he proposed an auto-correction system for particle accelerators. In 1967 he introduced a novel storage ring system for relativistic electrons in a vacuum . In 1969, he allowed the construction of a proton synchrotron for energies of 4-5 TeV by using SQUID - magnetometers . In 1970, Minz retired.

Minz was married to the architect Yevgenia Ilyinichna Minz (1899–1973). Her son was the economic geographer Alexei Alexandrowitsch Minz .

Minz was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery. The RTI has had his name since 1985. Since 2010, the RTI's Mint Prize has been awarded on each birthday.

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: МИНЦ Александр Львович (accessed March 13, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Сухарев В.Н .: Гений отечественного радиостроения (accessed March 13, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c А. Лонгинов, И. Гриль: К 95-летию со дня рождения А. Л. Минца. Страницы биографии . In: Радио . No. 2 , 1990, p. 30–31 ( [1] accessed March 13, 2019).
  4. ↑ a b c J. A. Chramow: Minz Alexander Lwowitsch . In: AI Achijeser : Physicists: Biographical Lexicon . Nauka , Moscow 1983, p. 189 (Russian).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Landeshelden: Минц, Александр Львович (accessed on March 13, 2019).
  6. ↑ Академик Минц - самый секретный ростовчанин (accessed March 12, 2019).
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Академик Минц - то белый шпион, то красный кавалерист… (accessed March 12, 2019).
  8. ↑ Громаков Ю. А .: Развитие отечественной военной радиосвязи . In: Электросвязь: история и современность . No. 2 , 2005, p. 26 ( [2] accessed on March 12, 2019).
  9. ↑ a b Кудряшов Н. А .: Три ареста академика Минца . In: Берия и советские учёные в атомном проекте . НИИЯУ МИФИ, Moscow 2013, p. 247–264 ( [3] accessed March 13, 2019).
  10. ↑ Геннадий Горелик: Как на это смотрел Александр Львович Минц? In: Журнал «Semeynoe.ru» . May 12, 2017 ( [4] accessed on March 13, 2019).
  11. ↑ a b c RAN: Минц Александр Львович (accessed on March 13, 2019).
  12. ↑ Ускорительная тематика (accessed March 13, 2019).
  13. ↑ Премия имени академика А.Л. Минца (accessed March 13, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Minz, Alexander Lvowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Минц, Александр Львович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet physicist and radio technician
DATE OF BIRTH January 8, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH Rostov on Don
DATE OF DEATH December 29, 1974
Place of death Moscow