Alexandre II de Bournonville

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Alexandre II. De Bournonville, engraving by Matthäus Merian the Younger , 1674

Alexandre II. Hippolyte Balthazar de Bournonville (born January 5, 1616 - † August 20, 1690 in Pamplona ) was a French nobleman and military man in imperial and Spanish service who made it up to field marshal and viceroy .

Life

Alexandre II. De Bournonville was the second son of Alexandre I de Bournonville , Duc de Bournonville, and Anne de Melun; when his older brother Ferdinand died in 1622 after falling from a balcony, he came first in the line of succession. He grew up in Brussels at the court of Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain , the governor of the Spanish Netherlands . 1626 he was one infantry -Kompanie assigned to him in 1633 sent his father to study in Paris, where he attended the court of the 1637 Duke of Savoy moved

Thirty Years' War

From Savoy he went to Germany, where in 1638 he received the post of Rittmeister in the regiment of Count Ernst Christoph von Rietberg , with whom he took part in the capture of Kreuznach in 1640 . In 1641 he received an infantry regiment, in 1643 he became governor of Hamm , which he fortified strongly in order to prevent the Hessians and Swedes from attacking under the Count of Königsmarck . In 1644 he became the commandant of Meppen and returned to Hamm after completing the task.

On August 3, 1645, at the Battle of Alerheim , he commanded the troops of the Westphalian Empire and led the rest of the army back after the commanders Gottfried Huyn von Geleen and Philipp Ludwig von Holstein had been captured. In 1646 and 1647 his task was to protect the county of East Friesland from Count von Königsmarck, and in 1648 to lift his sieges of Meppen and Paderborn . In the same year he came to Guillaume de Lamboy's help twice, one with Neuss and the other with Rhenen , and was promoted to major general. After the Peace of Westphalia he set up a German infantry regiment, which he subordinated to his brother Wolfgang Guillaume de Bournonville, Viscount de Barlin.

Spanish-French War

1649 made him Emperor Ferdinand III. to Chamberlain and Philip IV of Spain gave him back the goods that the Flemish Chamber of Finance had confiscated when his father went into exile in France in 1633. In 1650 he moved with Duke Eberhard III. from Württemberg to France and took command of the artillery and Spanish infantry in the army of the Prince de Condé ; he took part in the battle of Rethel (December 15, 1650) and the sieges of Rocroi , in the siege of Arras (1654) and was besieged for four months in Condé in 1655 , which he only handed over on the orders of governor Leopold Wilhelm of Austria ; under his command, Valenciennes withstood the siege for 31 days, until Don Juan José de Austria and the Prince de Condé rushed to deliver relief.

His father died on March 12, 1656, making him the 2nd (French) Duke of Bournonville . On May 3, 1656 he married Princess Johanna von Arenberg from the House of Ligne , daughter of Philipp Karl von Arenberg , Duke of Aarschot , and Claire-Isabelle de Berlaymont, Comtesse de Lalaing. Her six children (see below) were born between 1657 and 1663; Johanna von Arenberg died in childbed on October 10, 1663, twenty days after the birth of the youngest child. On 12 July 1658 King of Spain had him in Madrid for (Spanish) Prince of Bournonville in terms of the Duchy of Brabant located domination Buggenhout levied. In 1666 he was appointed captain general of Artois .

Dutch War

In 1672, while working on the fortifications, he was given command of the troops in Brussels. Immediately afterwards he went to Germany, where he was appointed General Field Marshal of the Reichsarmee and, together with the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich Wilhelm , commanded the Reich troops during the Dutch War . He took part in the siege of Bonn (1673) , which was undertaken on his advice: after a few defeats, the French army was already on the retreat when troops from the Netherlands under William III. from Orange , from Spain and from the Holy Roman Empire under the imperial general Raimondo Montecuccoli advanced surprisingly towards Bonn to cut off the French their supply routes over the Rhine. In the same year Emperor Leopold I appointed him Chamberlain and Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece , but this could only be accomplished in 1675.

In 1674 he prevented the siege of Limburg by the French, and was then called to the Electorate of Palatinate to reorganize the rest of the imperial army defeated by Marshal Turenne in the battle of Sinsheim (June 16, 1674). After he had crossed the Rhine near Strasbourg , he faced the French at Enzheim (October 4, 1674) and Türkheim (January 5, 1675).

Spanish viceroy

In 1676 the king called him to Spain and appointed him as General Field Marshal and Supreme War Council for Catalonia. The following year he was sent to Sicily to lead the command of the army with which he subdued the insurgent Messina . In 1678 he became captain general and viceroy of Catalonia , in 1686 captain general and viceroy of Navarre .

He died on August 20th in Pamplona at the age of 74. His heart was buried in the Carmelite Church there, his body was transferred to Brussels and buried in the Bournonville family tomb in the Church of the Discalced Carmelites .

marriage and family

Alexandre II. De Bournonville married on May 3, 1656 Johanna Princess von Arenberg (born April 9, 1628), daughter of Philipp Karl von Arenberg, Duke of Aarschot, and Claire-Isabelle de Berlaymont ( House Ligne ). He had six children with her:

  • Anne Marie Françoise (February 8, 1657, † 1727); ∞ October 25, 1672 Philippe Emmanuel Ferdinand François de Croy (October 29, 1641 - December 22, 1718), Comte et Prince de Solre, Lieutenant-général , son of Philippe-Emmanuel Antoine Ambroise de Croy and Isabelle-Claire de Gand -Vilain ( House Croy )
  • Alexandre Ernest (May 1658 - November 25, 1658)
  • Alexandre Charles François (April 2, 1659 - September 1660)
  • Isabelle Thérèse (born May 20, 1660); ∞ 1678 Cosme Claude Philippe d'Ongies (* 1670; † 1709) Comte de Coupigny, son of Balthazar-Guillaume d'Ongnies and Agnès de Montmorency
  • Alexandre Albert François Barthélémy (August 16, 1662 - September 1, 1705), 4th Duc de Bournonville, 2nd Prince de Bournonville; ∞ August 29, 1682 Charlotte-Victoire d'Albert de Luynes (* October 6, 1667 - May 22, 1701), daughter of Louis Charles d'Albert, Duc de Luynes , and Anne de Rohan-Montbazon ( House of Albert )
  • Marie Françoise (September 20, 1663; † 1742) ∞ December 3, 1694 Claude de Richardot (* 1663; † April 13, 1701), Comte de Gammerages, Prince de Steenhuyse

literature

  • Père Anselme , Histoire généalogique , 3rd edition, Volume 5, 1730, p. 838
  • Johann Franz Buddeus , General historical Lexicon , Volume 5, 1740, p. 204
  • Jakob Christoph Beck among others: Newly increased historical and geographic general lexicon. Supplement, Volume 2, 1742, p. 166
  • Bernhard von Poten (Ed.): Concise dictionary of the entire military science. Volume 2, Bielefeld and Leipzig 1877, p. 93
  • General military encyclopedia. Volume 3, Leipzig 1861, p. 18
  • German encyclopedia. Volume 2, Berlin 1888, p. 963

Web links

  • Étienne Pattou, Famille et Seigneurs de Bournonville , p. 9f ( accessed online April 12, 2020)

Remarks

  1. ↑ Duke Viktor Amadeus I died on October 7, 1637, his son Franz Hyazinth on October 4, 1638.
  2. ↑ The battle of Alerheim is referred to in older literature as the second or "different" battle of Nördlingen
personal data
SURNAME Bournonville, Alexandre de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bournonville, Alexander II Hippolyth Balthasar Comte de (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French field marshal and viceroy
DATE OF BIRTH January 5, 1616
DATE OF DEATH August 20, 1690
Place of death Pamplona