Alexei Antonovich Ilyushin

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Alexei Antonovich Ilyushin ( Russian Алексей Антонович Ильюшин ; born January 7 . Jul / 20th January  1911 greg. In Kazan , † 31 May 1998 in Moscow ) was a Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

Ilyushin's parents were the employee of a trading company Anton Nikanorowitsch Ilyushin (1881–1940) and his wife Tatiana Akimovna Ilyushina (1881–1955), both of whom came from the Jelnja district . Ilyushin was the first son after 6 daughters. The younger son Pawel (1916–1940) had an accident.

Ilyushin attended secondary school in Kazan with graduation in 1928. He then worked for a year as a machinist in a ship repair company near Kazan (as a prerequisite for admission to study for non-workers or peasants' children). In 1929 he began studying at the University of Kazan , but in December 1929 he switched to the 1st course in the physics and mathematics faculty of Moscow University (MGU). 1930–1931 he completed an industrial internship with training as a locksmith and blacksmith . Ilyushin's scientific work began in the spring of 1932 at the Moscow Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (ZAGI). There he examined the spin , which often led to crashes. After studying an essay by Nikolai Jegorowitsch Schukowski about pendulum motion with two degrees of freedom , he proposed to determine the inertia tensor of an airplane that performs torsional vibrations with bifilar suspension . The mechanics - lectures Alexander Ivanovich Nekrasov and Andrei Petrovich Minakows 1933-1934 brought Ilyushin on the idea of a paraboloid of wonders to build, could see where people curvilinear movements. The director of the Gorky Park Betti Nikolajewna Glan had the construction engineer AJ Epstein build such a 10 m wide paraboloid made of wood with a vertical axis of rotation and a conical roof for 10 people, which opened in the summer of 1934 and existed for 4 years.

In 1934 Ilyushin graduated from MGU as an aerohydromechanic . He then began his apprenticeship at the Institute for Mechanics of the MGU and headed the laboratory for strength theory there . His teacher was Heinrich Hencky , whose lecture he heard and whose work he studied.

In 1935 Ilyushin became an advisor to the State All Union Construction Bureau 47 of the People's Commissariat for Munitions (until 1960). In 1936 he defended his candidate dissertation on viscous-plastic flow for the doctorate to candidate of physical-mathematical sciences in 1937. From 1936 he worked in the Institute of Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, from 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)) in the strength department, which he headed from 1943. There he built a pneumatic hammer mechanism with deformation speeds of up to 10 4 s –1 for dynamic strength tests. In 1938 he defended his doctoral thesis on the visco-plastic deformation of solids . In this work he first considered the thermodynamic aspects and heat conduction in the theory of deformation. In 1938 he became a professor at the MGU.

In 1940 Ilyushin joined the CPSU . He was now an advisor to various research institutes and special design offices of the People's Commissariat for Ammunition. During the German-Soviet War it played an important role in the manufacture of grenades and gun barrels . When the majority of the students and employees of the MGU were evacuated in October 1941 , a group of about 40 students and teachers of the mechanical-mathematical faculty of the MGU with Ilyushin at the head stayed in Moscow to protect the buildings and facilities and prepared themselves as part of the Opoltschenije on defense. In 1942 Ilyushin became head of the part of the chair for elasticity that remained in Moscow and director of the Institute for Mathematics and Mechanics at the MGU. In 1943 he was elected a corresponding member of the AN-SSSR. In 1946 he became head of the chair for strength theory and remained so until his death. In 1947 Ilyushin became the scientific director of Department P (strength), the head of which was Viktor Michailowitsch Panfjorow .

In 1949 Ilyushin became vice director for the scientific work of the missile center NII-88 (now the Central Research Institute for Mechanical Engineering ) founded in 1947 in Kaliningrad in the Moscow Oblast , in which Sergei Pavlovich Koroljow was head of the design department. There developed a theory for the Ilyushin supersonic - gas flow to a solid. He was engaged in fluttering at supersonic speeds. He was commissioned with the development of wing rockets, which he no longer came because of transfer.

1950–1952 Ilyushin was rector of Leningrad University (LGU) as successor to Nikita Andreyevich Domnins . His predecessor Alexander Alexeyevich Voznesensky was under the Leningrad Affair arrested in August 1949 and was shot in October 1950 and by the head of the Department of Darwinism and Lysenkoism -Anhänger Issaak Israilevich Present -run persecution of biological sciences continued. Ilyushin managed to rearrange the scientific work by suggesting that Present draw up a written annual plan. After a year, Present was forced to resign because he did not fulfill the plan. The LGU employees who were dismissed at Presents' initiative were reinstated. When a group of young employees of the philosophical faculty was accused of Trotskyism , Ilyushin organized a discussion with the secretary of the city party committee, in which he demonstrated his ignorance and himself presented Trotskyist theses. Ilyushin's successor was Alexander Danilowitsch Alexandrov .

1952-1953 Ilyushin was scientific deputy head and chief designer of the construction office Arsamas-16 for nuclear weapons development in Sarov of the Ministry of medium engineering of the USSR . There he met Lavrenti Beria three times .

1953-1960 Ilyushin was director of the Institute of Mechanics of the AN-SSSR. In 1956 he became a member of the new National Commission of the USSR for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics .

Ilyushin was the author or co-author of a large number of publications. Ilyushin's students included Djuis Danilowitsch Iwlew , Igor Anatoljewitsch Kijko , Wladimir Dmitrijewitsch Kljuschnikow , Pyotr Matwejewitsch Ogibalow , Boris Eefimowitsch Pobedrja , Igor Nikolajewitsch Molodzow and Emilija Alexandrovna Leonova .

Ilyushin was a delegate (1951–1959), member of the presidium and vice-chairman (1951–1955) of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR .

Ilyushin was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Honors, prizes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i MGU: Ильюшин Алексей Антонович (accessed April 4, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c Боголюбов А. Н .: Математики. Механики. Биографический справочник . Наукова думка, Kiev 1983, p. 196 .
  3. ↑ a b c d А.Н. Богданов: Динамика Ильюшина: параболоид чудес, снарядное изобилие, долгоживущие ракеты . In: Gazeta Moskovsky University . No. 4 , 2008 ( msu.ru [accessed April 4, 2019]).
  4. ↑ Математики и механики - ректоры Московского университета и деканы Механико-математическал Гтектета . Изд-во ЦПИ при Механико-математическом факультете, Moscow 2004, p. 85-86 .
  5. ↑ RAN: Ильюшин Алексей Антонович (accessed April 4, 2019).
  6. ↑ JN Rabotnow , AA Iljuschin: Methods of the viscoelasticity theory . Carl Hanser Verlag , Munich 1970.
  7. ↑ Math-Net.Ru: Il'yushin, Aleksei Antonovich (accessed April 4, 2019).
  8. ↑ WorldCat: Il'jušin, Aleksej Antonovič (accessed April 4, 2019).
  9. ↑ Ilyushin's tombstone (accessed April 4, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Ilyushin, Alexei Antonovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ильюшин, Алексей Антонович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH January 20, 1911
PLACE OF BIRTH Kazan
DATE OF DEATH May 31, 1998
Place of death Moscow