Arthur Caplan

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Arthur Caplan

Arthur L. Caplan (* 1950 in Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America ) is Drs. William F. and Virginia Connolly Mitty Professor of Bioethics at New York University's Langone Medical Center (NYULMC). Caplan is the founding director of the NYULMCs Department of Medical Ethics . According to Google Scholar , his published books and articles since 2009 have had an h-index of 47 and an I10-index of 87.

Caplan has made many contributions to public policy, including: support for the creation of the National Marrow Donor Program (Program marrow donation ); Creation of the policy of the required application in the cadaver organ donation in the United States was adopted; Help set up the organ distribution system in the US ; and advising on the contents of the National Organ Transplantation Act 1984 , rules for living organ donation, and legislation and regulation in many other areas of health care , including blood safety and the use of compassion.

Caplan secured the first apology for the Tuskegee Syphilis Study in 1991 from Lewis Sullivan, MD, then Secretary of the United States Department of Health and Human Services . Caplan worked with William Seidelman, MD, and others together to 2012, an apology from the German Medical Association for the role of German physicians in Nazi -Gefängnisexperimenten during the Holocaust to obtain.

Life and education

Born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1950 to Sidney D. and Natalie Caplan, Arthur Caplan grew up in Framingham , Massachusetts. Caplan described his family as "working class, Zionist and secular". He attributes his background to Judaism , which has sparked his interest in methods of investigation and argumentation. At the age of six, Caplan was diagnosed with polio . He was successfully treated at Boston Children's Hospital and then played sports at Framingham High School. Caplan stated that this life-threatening illness was a formative experience that influenced his later involvement in philosophy and bioethics .

Caplan graduated from Brandeis University , where he studied philosophy. There he met his first wife Jane. Their son Zachary was born in 1984. Caplan's second wife, Meg Brennan Caplan, is the director of the Hudson Valley Health Care System of Veterans Administration.

Caplan completed his diploma thesis at Columbia University , where he obtained a master's degree in 1973 and an M.Phil in 1975 . and received a PhD in philosophy of science in 1979 . His dissertation Philosophical Issues Concerning the Synthetic Theory of Evolution was co-supervised by Ernest Nagel and Sidney Morgenbesser . Caplan worked at Nagel as a teaching assistant and was the last graduate in Nagel's career. During his time at Columbia, Caplan met the psychoanalyst and dean of education Bernard Schoenberg. Schoenberg allowed him to participate as an observer and medical student in clinical rotations at the university's medical school and to experience “ethics in action” for the first time.

Career

In 1977 Caplan met Daniel Callahan, a philosopher who co- founded the Hastings Center (now in Garrison, New York) with psychiatrist Willard Gaylin. In 1977 Caplan joined the Hastings Center as a junior researcher and then as a post-doctoral fellow. He spent the next 10 years at the center, where he was deputy director from 1985 to 1987. During this time, Caplan and others shaped the emerging discipline of bioethics. He published extensive articles on genetics (including the ethics of genetic testing and investigation), evolution , sociobiology, and ethics education . He was also increasingly interested in the ethics of human and animal experiments as well as in new medical technologies. Caplan began taking on the role of a public intellectual by applying philosophy in public discourse and speaking out on questions of public policy.

In 1987 Caplan moved to the University of Minnesota , where he became professor in the faculties of philosophy and surgery and first director of the Center for Biomedical Ethics. In 1989 he organized the Center for Bioethics Conference on Medical Ethics and the Holocaust, the first conference convened to discuss bioethics and the Holocaust. During his time in Minnesota , he was particularly concerned with organ transplantation and genetics, and worked with Rosalie A. Kane on dilemmas of “everyday ethics” in connection with the treatment of the elderly. He also wrote about bioethics related to the Holocaust . In 1992 he joined the Medical Advisory Board of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum , one of many institutions seeking his participation.

In May 1994, Caplan went to the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia . He founded the Center for Bioethics and the Department of Medical Ethics and has professorships in various fields, including medicine and philosophy. In the mid-1990s, he and his colleagues carried out their first empirical studies on the suitability of organ donors and on donor rates. In 2009, the Sidney D. Caplan Professor of Bioethics was established at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, named after Caplan's father. Arthur Caplan became the first owner of the professorship.

While at Penn, he became the first bioethicist to be sued for his professional role after participating in a gene therapy study that resulted in the death of researcher Jesse Gelsinger. The action was then dismissed as unfounded.

In 2009, Caplan helped develop the first flu vaccine mandate at the Philadelphia Children's Hospital and later in New York State policy of requiring health workers to "vaccinate or mask". In 2009 he again called for tightening the restrictions on fertility clinics and in vitro fertilization and has written extensively on research on embryonic stem cells .

In 2012, Caplan joined New York University's Langone Medical Center as a Doctor of Medicine as a William F. and Virginia Connolly Mitty Professor of Bioethics and Founding Director of the Department of Bioethics.

In May 2015, Caplan and the pharmaceutical company Johnson & Johnson started a pilot project for the equitable distribution of experimental drugs outside of ongoing clinical trials . He established the Compassionate Use Advisory Committee (CompAC), a panel of bioethicists , physicians and patient advocates, to respond to appeals from terminally ill patients for a cancer drug developed by J&J. It is considered the first of its kind in the pharmaceutical industry.

Recent activities have included the launch of a movement to ease restrictions on blood donation by homosexual men and a call for the Rio Summer Olympics to be postponed because of the Zika virus threat .

Caplan has been criticized by some classical philosophers for his "hands-on philosophy" and by some colleagues for his enthusiastic engagement with the media. In response, he said, “For me, the point of ethics is to change people, to change their behavior. Why should I do that otherwise? "

Academic work

Caplan is the author or editor of more than 35 books and more than 735 articles in medical , scientific , philosophical , bioethical and health policy journals .

Caplan is a regular contributor to WebMD's Medscape website and a regular commentator on the WGBH (FM) radio station in Boston and the WMNF (radio station) in Tampa , Florida . He is a frequent guest and commentator on various other media outlets, discussing public health issues such as obesity , Ebola , Zika virus , and vaccination .

Caplan was co-director of the Joint Council of Europe / United Nations Study on the Trafficking in Organs and Body Parts. Caplan called for a new international agreement on organ trafficking . He has spoken on international issues such as organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China . Caplan led one of leading medical journals boycott over transplants from China one.

International Caplan Chairman of the Advisory Committee was United Nations on the cloning of humans and was a member of the Special Advisory Board of the International Olympic Committee for genetics and gene therapy .

Caplan has served on a number of national committees, including chairing the National Cancer Institute's Biobanking Ethics Working Group and chairing the Ministry of Health's Advisory Committee on Blood Safety and Availability. He was a member of the Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Diseases and the National Institute of Mental Health's Special Advisory Board for human experimentation on vulnerable subjects. Caplan is an advisor to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on Synthetic Biology and has reached out to the Presidential Commission to investigate bioethical issues. Caplan was also a member of the American Society of Gene Therapy Ethics Committee .

Caplan has advised many companies, non-profit organizations, and consumer organizations. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Institute for Ethics and Future Technologies. He also served on the boards of the National Center for Policy Research on Women & Families, the Franklin Institute , the Iron Disorders Foundation, and the National Disease Research Interchange. From 2005 to 2008 he was Chairman of the Bioethics Advisory Board at GlaxoSmithKline .

Awards and honors

Arthur Caplan was elected a Fellow of the Hastings Center in 1990, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the College of Physicians of Philadelphia in 1994 , the New York Academy of Medicine in 1997, and an honorary member of the American College of Legal Medicine in 2008.

Caplan was named Person of the Year by USA Today magazine in 2001 . In December 2008, Discover magazine named him one of the top 10 most influential figures in science for “translating philosophical debates into understandable ideas” and “democratizing bioethics”. Caplan is one of the 10 most influential people in biotechnology in America , according to the National Journal ; one of the 10 most influential people in biotechnology ethics according to Nature Biotechnology. According to Modern Health Care magazine , Caplan is one of the 50 most influential people in American healthcare ; and one of the 100 Most Influential People in Biotechnology according to Scientific American Magazine .

Caplan holds seven honorary degrees from colleges and medical schools. He received the American Medical Writers Association's McGovern Medal in 1999, the Medical Library Association's John P. McGovern Lecturer Award in 2007, and the 2011 Patricia Price Browne Prize in Biomedical Ethics. In 2014 he received the Public Service Award from the National Science Foundation , and in May 2016 he received the Rare Impact Award from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). The American Society for Bioethics & Humanities (ASBH) presented Caplan with the Lifetime Achievement Award in 2016.

bibliography

Selected items

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Arthur Caplan , PhD, New York University Langone Medical Center, accessed January 21, 2018
  2. ^ Medical Ethics , New York University Langone Medical Center, accessed January 21, 2018
  3. ^ A b c Lawrence M. Fisher, The Ethics of Compassionate Care , Briefings Magazine, Korn Ferry Institute, August 31, 2015, accessed January 21, 2018
  4. ↑ Catherine Claeys, Leading Transplant and Transfusion Organizations Join Forces in Effort to Keep Bone Marrow Donation Voluntary , Business Wire, March 22, 2010, accessed January 21, 2018
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Renee C. Fox, Honoring Arthur L. Caplan , Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy, Vol. 16, Issue 1, 1999, accessed January 21, 2018
  6. ↑ Robert Rees, Lessons Learned From Tuskegee , Chicago Tribune, September 22, 1991, accessed January 21, 2018
  7. ↑ Arthur Caplan, Researchers let syphilis ravage men , The Spokesman-Review, June 15, 1991, accessed January 21, 2018
  8. ^ Arthur Caplan, German doctors apologize for Holocaust horrors , NBC News, May 24, 2012, accessed January 21, 2018
  9. ^ Ad Hoc Committee on an International convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings (PDF), United Nations Headquarters New York, February 14, 2002, accessed on January 21, 2018
  10. ↑ a b c d Peter Ames Carlin, Art Caplan , People, November 3, 1997, accessed January 21, 2018
  11. ↑ a b Arthur Caplan, It Is Hard to Get There Without a Guide: How I Came to a Career in Bioethics , Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Vol. 23 (02), pp. 118-123, February 12, 2014 on January 21, 2018
  12. ↑ Speaker Biographies (PDF) ( Memento December 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Columbia University 8th Annual IRB Educational Conference, accessed January 21, 2018
  13. ↑ LA Siminoff, RM Arnold, AL Caplan, BA Virnig, DL Seltzer: Public policy governing organ and tissue procurement in the United States. Results from the National Organ and Tissue Procurement Study. In: Annals of internal medicine. Volume 123, Number 1, July 1995, pp. 10-17, PMID 7762908 .
  14. ↑ $ 10.5 Million Gift from the Haas Family for Penn Medicine , Morris Arboretum, University of Pennsylvania Almanac. 55 (34), May 26, 2009, accessed January 21, 2018
  15. ↑ Sheryl Gay Stolberg, The Biotech Death of Jesse Gelsinger , The New York Times, November 28, 1999, accessed January 21, 2018
  16. ↑ Gelsinger wrongful death lawsuit names bioethicist Caplan ( Memento of May 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Genetic Crossroads, October 16, 2000, accessed on January 21, 2018
  17. ↑ a b Barry Meier; Katie Thomas, Eager to Opine on the Toughest Calls in Medical Ethics , The New York Times, May 7, 2015, accessed January 21, 2018
  18. ↑ Robin Fretwell Wilson, The Death of Jesse Gelsinger: New Evidence of the Influence of Money and Prestige in Human Research , American Journal of Law & Medicine, 36 (295), Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons, 2010, accessed on January 21, 2018
  19. ^ A. Caplan, NR Shah: Managing the human toll caused by seasonal influenza: New York State's mandate to vaccinate or mask. In: Journal of the American Medical Association . Volume 310, number 17, November 2013, pp. 1797-1798, doi : 10.1001 / jama.2013.280633 , PMID 24081030 .
  20. ^ Suzanne Bohan, Fertility clinic rules often disregarded , East Bay Times, March 1, 2009
  21. ^ Arthur Caplan, The Stem Cell Hype Machine, The Top Five Over-Hyped Claims About Stem Cell Research , Science Progress, April 18, 2011
  22. ↑ Katie Thomas, Company Creates Bioethics Panel on Trial Drugs , The New York Times, May 7, 2015, accessed January 21, 2018
  23. ↑ Arthur Caplan, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Vol. 15 (4), pp. 226-227 , April 1, 2016, accessed January 21, 2018
  24. ↑ John Jalsevac, FDA: Gay Men Still Banned from Donating Blood Over Documented Risk Concerns , LifeSiteNews, May 25, 2007
  25. ^ Opinion Cancel Olympics due to Zika outbreak , MPRNews, February 9, 2016
  26. ↑ a b c Claudia Dreifus, Interview, Arthur Caplan, New York: Seven Stories Press, pp. 55–71 , June 10, 1997, ISBN 978-1888363906 . accessed on January 21, 2018
  27. ↑ The Brandeis Questionnaire Arthur Caplan '71 , Brandeis Magazine, Summer 2015, accessed January 21, 2018
  28. ↑ Will Roseliep, Ask The Ethicist: School Kids, Stand Up! ( Memento of October 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), WGBH News, July 22, 2015, accessed on January 21, 2018
  29. ^ Arthur Caplan, Bioethicist: Why Americans Should Really Worry About Ebola , NBC News, August 4, 2014, accessed January 21, 2018
  30. ↑ Gillian Mohney, Zika Fears Prompt 150 Public Health Experts to Call for Olympics to Be Moved From Rio , ABC News, May 27, 2016, accessed January 21, 2018
  31. ↑ Arthur L. Caplan, Revoke the license of any doctor who opposes vaccination , The Washington Post, February 6, 2015, accessed January 21, 2018
  32. ↑ Tang En, White House Website Petition Calls for Investigation into Organ Harvesting , Falun Dafa Minghui, December 10, 2012, accessed January 21, 2018
  33. ↑ International pact needed to prevent organ trafficking, UN-backed study says, UN News Center, October 13, 2009, accessed January 21, 2018
  34. ↑ Press Conference on Joint United Nations-Council of Europe Report on Trafficking in Organs, Tissues and Cells, United Nations Meetings Coverage and Press Releases , United Nations, October 13, 2009, accessed January 21, 2018
  35. ↑ Nina Strochlic, Does China Harvest Organs From Living Prisoners? , The Daily Beast, September 29, 2015, accessed January 21, 2018
  36. ^ Ad Hoc Committee on an International Convention against the Reproductive Cloning of Human Beings , United Nations, 2002, accessed January 21, 2018
  37. ↑ Erika Check, Call for cloning ban splits UN , Nature International Journal of Science, 2018, accessed on January 21, 2018
  38. ^ Arthur Caplan, NYU Sports & Society Program , accessed January 21, 2018
  39. ↑ Chair National Cancer Institute Biobanking Ethics Working Group , Center for Health Journalism, University of Southern California, accessed March 30, 2018
  40. ↑ Stephen D. Nightingale, Blood Safety Summary - January 1998 ( memento October 18, 2011 on the Internet Archive ), US Department of Health & Human Services, February 17, 1998, accessed January 21, 2018
  41. ↑ Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Illnesses , Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, accessed March 30, 2018
  42. ↑ Arthur Caplan, Enhancing Patient Autonomy Through Peer Review To Replace The FDA's Rigorous Approval Process , Health Affairs, Vol. 31 (10), October 9, 2012
  43. ^ Glyn Taylor, DARPA Developing Brain Implants Capable of Restoring Memories , That's Really Possible, May 4, 2014
  44. ↑ Testimony of Arthur L. Caplan to the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (PDF) ( Memento of April 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, September 13, 2010, accessed on April 21 , 2015 . January 2018
  45. ^ Committee Meetings and Committee Roster ( Memento October 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), American Society of Gene Therapy, accessed January 21, 2018
  46. ↑ Who We Are , Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, accessed January 21, 2018
  47. ^ Appointments , The Washington Post, (F19), January 31, 2000, accessed January 21, 2018
  48. ↑ William H. Gates III, Making a Difference, The Franklin Institute 2010 Annual Report (PDF) , The Franklin Institute, April 29, 2010, accessed January 21, 2018
  49. ^ Iron Disorders Foundation , Center for Health Journalism, University of Southern California, accessed March 30, 2018
  50. ↑ NDRI turns 25 (PDF) ( Memento from July 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), NDRI Research Brief, accessed on January 21, 2018
  51. ^ Katie Thomas, Drug Research in China Falls Under a Cloud , The New York Times, July 22, 2013, accessed January 21, 2018
  52. ^ The Hastings Center Fellows , The Hastings Center, accessed January 21, 2018
  53. ↑ Directory of Fellows and Members (PDF) ( Memento of the original dated June 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , New York Academy of Medicine, February 22, 2016, accessed January 21, 2018 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nyam.org
  54. ^ ACLM 55th Annual Meeting, Honorary Fellows Since 2000 (PDF) , American College of Legal Medicine, p. 21, February / March 2015, accessed on January 21, 2018
  55. ↑ Vardit Ravitsky; Autumn Fiester; Arthur L. Caplan, The Penn Center guide to bioethics , New York: Springer Pub, 2009, ISBN 978-0826115225 . accessed on January 21, 2018
  56. ↑ Susan Kruglinski; Marion Long, The 10 Most Influential People in Science , Discover, November 26, 2008, accessed January 21, 2018
  57. ↑ Arthur Caplan, Distinguished Speakers Series , Nova Southeastern University, accessed January 21, 2018
  58. ^ Arthur Caplan, PhD , NYU Langone Medical Center, accessed January 21, 2018
  59. ↑ McGovern Award: Arthur L. Caplan ( Memento from May 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), AMWA Journal, Vol. 14 (1), 1985-2014
  60. ^ John P. McGovern Award Lectureship , Medical Library Association, accessed January 21, 2018
  61. ↑ Patricia Price Browne Prize in Biomedical Ethics (PDF) , University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, 2011, accessed January 21, 2018
  62. ↑ Press Release 14-042 Bioethicist Arthur Caplan receives 2014 Public Service Award for an individual ( Memento from December 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), National Science Board, March 24, 2014, accessed on January 21, 2018
  63. ^ Rare Impact Awards, ( Memento from August 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) NORD, accessed on January 21, 2018
personal data
SURNAME Caplan, Arthur
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Caplan, Arthur L.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American bioethicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH 1950
PLACE OF BIRTH Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America