Beard flowers

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Beard flowers
Clandon's beard flower (Caryopteris × clandonensis 'Heavenly Blue')

Clandon's beard flower ( Caryopteris × clandonensis 'Heavenly Blue')

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Ajugoideae
Genre : Beard flowers
Scientific name
Caryopteris
Bunge

The Caryopteris ( Caryopteris ) is a plant genus within the family of the mint (Lamiaceae). The hybrid Caryopteris × clandonensis is used in the temperate areas as an ornamental plant in gardens.

description

Vegetative characteristics

The Caryopteris species are deciduous herbaceous plants , semi-shrubs or shrubs . They grow upright or climbing. The branches are slender and tubular. The opposite leaves are thin and toothed or with entire margins. They often have shiny glands.

Generative characteristics

In the leaf axils are dense, stalked shawny ( cymen ) inflorescences .

The relatively small, hermaphrodite flowers have a double flower envelope . The overgrown calyx is (four to) five (six) teeth or lobes. The blue or lavender-colored crowns have a short tube and are slightly double-lipped. The edge of the petals is whole or toothed. Of the five lobes, the lower one is larger, concave and fringed. The four stamens attach to the apical part of the corolla tube. The ovary has four compartments. The scar is divided into two parts.

The dry fruits usually disintegrate into four nuts.

ecology

Bumblebees and bees come into question as pollinating insects, as they get to the nectar due to their long suction tubes .

Systematics and distribution

Caryopteris incana

The genus Caryopteris was established in 1835 by Alexander von Bunge . Type species is Caryopteris mongholica Bunge . Synonyms for Caryopteris Bunge are: Barbula Lour. , Mastacanthus Endl.

The genus Caryopteris belongs to the subfamily Ajugoideae within the family of Lamiaceae and was formerly the family of Verbenaceae classified.

All types of beard flowers are found in China . One species is also native to Mongolia and one variety is also found in Japan and Korea . The seven species thrive in temperate to subtropical areas.

The genus Caryopteris used to contain up to 16 species and since 1999 there are only seven species:

  • Caryopteris forrestii Diels : It contains two varieties:
    • Caryopteris forrestii Diels var. Forrestii : It thrives at altitudes of 1700 to 3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou , Sichuan , Yunnan and Tibet .
    • Caryopteris forrestii var. Minor C.Pei & SLChen ex CYWu : It thrives on dry mountain slopes at altitudes of 2000 to 4000 meters in the Chinese provinces of southwestern Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan and southeastern Tibet .
  • Caryopteris glutinosa Rehder : This endemic only thrives at altitudes of 1,600 to 1,800 meters in the Min-Jiang Valley in the Chinese province of Sichuan.
  • Gray felted beard flower ( Caryopteris incana (Thunb. Ex Houtt.) Miq. ): It contains two varieties:
    • Caryopteris incana var. Angustifolia S.L.Chen & RLGuo : It thrives in thickets in stony locations at altitudes of around 300 meters in the Chinese province of Jiangxi .
    • Caryopteris incana (Thunb. Ex Houtt.) Miq. var. incana : It is common in Japan , Korea and the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi, Zhejiang .
  • Caryopteris jinshajiangensis Y.K.Yang & XDCong : This endemic only thrives at altitudes of around 1400 meters in the Jinsha-Jiang Valley in the southwestern part of the Chinese province of Yunnan.
  • Caryopteris mongholica Bunge : It is common in Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Hebei , Nei Mongol , Shaanxi and Shanxi .
  • Caryopteris tangutica Maxim. : It thrives on dry slopes at altitudes of around 2500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan.
  • Caryopteris trichosphaera W.W.Sm. : It thrives at altitudes of 2700 to 3300 meters in the Chinese provinces of western Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan and eastern Tibet.

Some species that previously belonged to the genus Caryopteris have been classified in other genera since 1999, for example:

Hybrids

Clandon beard flower with a bee as a pollinator

The Clandon beard flower ( Caryopteris × clandonensis auct.) Is a horticultural hybrid that is often grown as an ornamental plant. It is a cross of Caryopteris incana (Thunb. Ex Houtt.) Miq. That was created in a nursery in England in the 1930s . and Caryopteris mongholica Bunge . Some varieties, such as 'Heavenly Blue' with deep blue flowers and 'Kew Blue' with dark green leaves and deep blue flowers, are hardy . The Clandon beard flower is a regularly woody and loosely branched, small shrub that can reach heights of up to 1 meter and sheds its leaves in winter. The opposite , lanceolate leaves are up to 8 cm long and up to 2.5 cm wide. They are widest in the lower area and narrow towards the top and are unevenly sawn , for example with entire margins or they have one to four teeth. The upper side of the leaf is dark green, the underside gray-green. All parts of the plant smell aromatic. The blue flowers are densely packed in the inflorescences.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Shou-liang Chen, Michael G. Gilbert: Verbenaceae. : Caryopteris , p. 43 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 17: Verbenaceae through Solanaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X .
  2. ^ Caryopteris at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 21, 2018.
  3. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Caryopteris. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 21, 2018.
  4. ↑ a b Culture report of Caryopteris × clandonensis . ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

Commons : Beard Flowers ( Caryopteris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files