Benthamiella
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Benthamiella is a plant genus of the family of nightshade family (Solanaceae). The twelve cushion-forming species arenative tosouthern Patagonia . The generic name honors the English botanist George Bentham (1800 - 1884).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The types of Benthamiella are cushion-shaped growing Chamaephytes (surface plants), which form flat, hemispherical, dense or loose cushions with a diameter of 5 to 75 cm and are 3 to 13 cm high. The strongly branched shoot axes are woody and densely leafed and covered with non-glandular and glandular trichomes . The non-glandular trichomes are simple and branched, their cuticles are smooth or slightly bumpy. The glandular trichomes have multicellular heads, the cells of which can stand in one or many rows. The phellogen is located under the epidermis , an endodermis and starchy sheaths are not pronounced. The pith has many stone cells , the phloem on the outside can also contain stone cells. The pericycle is fibrous.
The leaves arise from a sheath, are 1.5 to 1.8 mm long and 0.5 to 2.5 mm wide. At first the leaves are green, but they dry up from below and turn black and, together with sand and dust, fill the cushion. They are linear or narrowly elliptical to inverted ovoid and membrane-like or fleshy. Occasionally the leaf sheaths are longer than the actual leaves. In the cross-section you can see that a slightly woody tissue forms within the leaf blades, which surrounds the leaf veins.
blossoms
The flowers are solitary, mostly in the axils, only in two types terminal, sessile or on 1 to 2 mm long petioles. They are accompanied by two (only four in Benthamiella sorianoi ) leaf-like bracts that are slightly longer than the calyx . This is radially symmetrical , bell-shaped or tubular and has a length of 2 to 9 (11) mm. The calyx teeth or lobes are almost as long or as long, pointed or truncated and are usually shorter, sometimes longer or almost as long as the fused part of the sepals. The radially symmetrical crown is white or yellow colored, cylindrical or slightly funnel-shaped to almost bell-shaped and has a length of 2 to 16 mm. With the eye-catching flower border, the diameter is about 5 to 6 mm. The bud cover is twisted conduplicative (folded lengthways along the middle). The stamens of the stamens are set in one or two different heights above or below half of the flower tube . There are five stamens or, if reduced, only three, two or one, with one or two sterile staminodes being formed in the last two cases . The stamens are of equal or unequal length, can be very short (shorter than the anthers) or long and are curved or straight at the top. The anthers are linear-elongated, 0.7 to 1 mm long, but sometimes only 0.5 mm long and then wider than long. Most of the time the stamens are located inside the corolla tube, there are only three ways in which they protrude beyond the corolla tube. The fruit leaves contain four to ten ovules , the scar is easy disc-shaped little head-shaped, pressed or nearly hemispherical, barely wider than the cylindrical pen , sometimes the scar is slightly bilobed. Circular, fleshy nectaries are formed that are raised, inconspicuous, or covered.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are 1.5 to 3.5 mm long capsules that contain one to four seeds . These are kidney-shaped or almost kidney-shaped, quite thick and 0.5 to 1.75 mm long. The surface of the seed coat is pitted or reticulated.
Other specifications
The base chromosome number is .
Occurrence and locations
The genus is endemic in southern Patagonien , approximately between the 37th and 54th southern latitude before. Most species are concentrated in the southern Argentine provinces of Río Negro , Chubut , Santa Cruz, and Tierra del Fuego . Only four species are found in both Chile and Argentina .
They grow in steppe plant communities at heights between 300 and 1700 m.
Systematics
Twelve species are distinguished within the genus:
- Benthamiella azorella (Skottsb.) A.Soriano
- Benthamiella azorelloides Speg.
- Benthamiella chubutensis A. Soriano
- Benthamiella graminifolia Skottsb.
- Benthamiella lanata A. Soriano
- Benthamiella longifolia Speg.
- Benthamiella nordenskioldii Dusén ex NE Br.
- Benthamiella patagonica Speg.
- Benthamiella pycnophylloides Speg.
- Benthamiella skottsbergii A. Soriano
- Benthamiella sorianoi Arroyo
- Benthamiella spegazziniana A. Soriano
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ↑ a b c d e Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. ARG Gantner Verlag KG, Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001. ISBN 3-904144-77-4 . Pages 36-38.
- ^ Carl Skottsberg: Benthamiella Speg. and Saccardophytum Speg. In: Botanical Yearbooks for Systematics, Plant History and Plant Geography , Volume 54, Verlag Wilhelm von Engelmann, Leipzig, 1917. Pages 44–50.
- ↑ GE Barboza: Solanaceae (PDF; 529 kB) . In: Fernando O. Zuloaga, Osvaldo Morrone and Manuel J. Belgrano (eds.): Catálogo de plantas vasculares del Cono Sur (Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, y sur del Brasil) , Monographs in Systematic Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, Volume 107, 2009. Pages 3011-3053.
