Bernadotte

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Coat of arms of the founder of the dynasty as Napoleonic prince of Pontecorvo

Bernadotte is the name of the dynasty that has ruled the Kingdom of Sweden since 1818 .

history

In 1811, Charles of Sweden and Norway combined the Pontecorvo coat of arms of his adoptive son with that of the Wasa dynasty

The originally bourgeois family comes from the city of Pau in southwest France in the old Kingdom of Navarre . The name Bernadotte has been traceable there since the 16th century. In addition to the Swedish royal family, there are two branches in France.

Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte rose to the rank of general in the French Revolutionary Army and was briefly Minister of War in the Directory in 1799 . Emperor Napoleon appointed him Maréchal d'Empire in 1804 and made him Prince of Pontecorvo in 1806 .

With Napoleon's approval, the Swedish Reichstag elected Bernadotte as Crown Prince of Sweden in 1810, whom the childless last king of the Holstein-Gottorp family , Charles XIII. , had to adopt. After his death in 1818, Bernadotte was as Karl XIV. John the King of Sweden crowned, so the family Bernadotte (since Gustav IV. 1809 gone into exile) Dynasty Holstein-Gottorp replaced on the throne. From 1818 to 1905 the royal family also ruled in Norway .

Most of the residences of the Bernadotte family in Sweden come from the previous dynasties. The "ten royal castles of Sweden" can be visited today at least in part: the Stockholm Palace (official residence of the king), Drottningholm Palace (residence of the royal couple), Haga (residence of the Crown Princess), Gripsholm , Tullgarn , Strömsholm , Rosendal , Rosersberg , Ulriksdal and the Solliden summer villa .

Four princes were given the surname Bernadotte instead of the title Prince of Sweden due to an unequal marriage, and later the title Count of Wisborg , which their descendants also carry, through Luxembourg conferring . This alludes to the ruins of Visborg Castle and thus to the island of Gotland , as the first of them, Prince Oscar (1859–1953), had been the Duke of Gotland before leaving the royal house . Another, Lennart (1909-2004), moved to the island of Mainau in Lake Constance, which he had inherited from his grandmother, Queen Viktoria , a native of Baden princess, so that a branch of the family of Count Bernadotte von Wisborg now lives in Germany.

List of the kings of Sweden and Norway from the House of Bernadotte

The founder of the dynasty, Marshal Jean Bernadotte, King Karl XIV. Johann (1818–1844)

If there are differences: First the Swedish, then the Norwegian royal name

List of the kings of Sweden from the house of Bernadotte

Title of the Swedish kings to Carl XVI. Gustaf

Until 1973, all the kings of Sweden since Gustav I. Wasa had the title “King of Sweden , the Goths and Wends ” (Sveriges, Götes och Vendes konung - Suecorum, Gothorum et Vandalorum Rex) .

The Latin “Vandalorum” also means vandals , but here the Swedish equivalent “Vendes” means turning. It was included in the Danish medieval royal title until 1972 and was introduced to Sweden by Gustav I in 1540. The other two components of the Swedish royal title were older, "Sveriges" was nevertheless a change in 1528 at the coronation of Gustav I, after the title had originally been "Svea Konung" (King of Sweden) .

The current monarch Carl XVI. Gustaf chose only the shorter title “King of Sweden” (Sveriges konung) when he ascended the throne . In 1980, the Reichstag changed the Act of Succession to the Throne and extended the line of succession to include female descendants. In addition, the succession of the Bernadotte family to the descendants of the current King Carl XVI. Gustaf restricted.

Other well-known people from Bernadotte

Royal House of Sweden

Coat of arms of the Swedish royal family, Bernadotte dynasty

Count Bernadotte of Wisborg

Luxembourg coat of arms of the four princes Bernadotte (Oscar, Sigvard, Carl Johan and Lennart), who were also the first counts of Wisborg
  • Oskar Karl August Bernadotte (1859–1953), formerly Duke of Gotland, son of Oskar II, from 1892 Count of Wisborg
    • Folke Bernadotte (1895–1948), Count von Wisborg, son of Oskar Karl August, President of the Swedish Red Cross, mediator of the United Nations in Palestine
  • Sigvard Bernadotte (1907–2002), Count of Wisborg, formerly Duke of Uppland, son of Gustav VI. Adolfs, designer, married to Marianne (* 1924), actress
  • Carl Johan Bernadotte (1916–2012), Count of Wisborg, formerly Duke of Dalarna, son of Gustav VI. Adolfs, married to Gunnila (1923–2016)
  • Lennart Bernadotte (1909–2004), Count of Wisborg, formerly Duke of Småland, grandson of Gustav V, founder of the flower island Mainau in Lake Constance, married to Sonja (1944–2008)

  • Mainau Castle , Lake Constance

See also

Web links