Bernhard Walke

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Bernhard Walke Portrait.jpg

Bernhard Walke (born July 28, 1940 in Neisse, Upper Silesia ) is the inventor of essential functions and network protocols for WLAN and 2G to 5G cellular networks.

Life

After graduating from the Schubart-Gymnasium in Aalen , Baden-Württemberg and a six-month industrial internship at the Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Wasseralfingen , Walke studied electrical engineering with a specialization in data processing at the University of Stuttgart from 1960–1965 and graduated as a graduate engineer. He then worked for two years in a program for young managers at the company locations in Berlin , Hanover , Heilbronn , Konstanz and Ulm at Telefunken AG and then until 1980 as a researcher at the AEG- Telefunken Research Institute in Ulm.

In 1975 he received his doctorate as an external doctoral student at the University of Stuttgart under Alfred Lotze with a thesis on throughput in the multitasking operation of time-sharing systems . From 1975, Walke's research focus was on data networks with packet switching , multiple access and network protocols in mobile communications and process computers - operating systems .

From 1977 to 1980 he was a lecturer for stochastic simulation technology at the University of Stuttgart and from 1981 to 1983 at the University of Ulm . From 1980 to 1983 he was head of department in division Hochfrequenztechnik of AEG AG in Ulm, where he guidance systems developed.

From 1983 to 1990, after 18 years of industrial activity, Walke took over the chair for data processing technology in the electrical engineering department of the Fernuniversität Hagen , which enables distance learning . There he researched ad-hoc radio networks with third-party funded employees .

In 1990 he was offered the successor to Robert Piloty at the TU Darmstadt and at the same time the successor to Friedrich Schreiber at the RWTH Aachen . Walke chose Aachen. There he taught and researched as the holder of the chair for communication networks ComNets until 2007 together with around 35 full-time PhD students from third-party funds. Then he founded the ComNets research group there. ComNets is a protected trademark of the chair's sponsoring association.

He is married to Antonie Walke (formerly Telefunken Executive Secretary) and has two sons, Dr. Thomas Walke and Dr.-Ing. Christoph Walke.

Academic teaching

As a professor of data processing technology at the FernUniversität Hagen, Walke u. a. the distance learning courses “data communication” and “real-time computer models”, which have been published as specialist books. As dean, with the help of the rectorate at the Science Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia , he pushed through the expansion of the electrical engineering department to include three fully equipped chairs. In addition, he initiated a new building for electrical engineering, which was finally inaugurated in 1995 on the Hagen campus as the Philipp Reis building.

During his 17 years (from 1990) as a professor in Aachen, several English-language textbooks on wireless and mobile communication emerged from his lectures .

In addition to around 1300 diploma, bachelor and master theses, he supervised 85 doctoral theses in Hagen and Aachen.

As vice dean or dean (1997–1999) of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology at RWTH Aachen , Walke created the first structural plan for a faculty at RWTH Aachen and set up a specialization in " Technical Computer Science " in the main course of the diploma course , which is now a master’s course . A matter close to his heart was the collaboration with the IT department at RWTH Aachen University, where he had a second seat on the specialist group council.

Together with a colleague at RWTH Aachen, he approved the DFG application for a cluster "Ultra-high Speed ​​Mobile Information and Communication (UMIC)" in the Excellence Initiative of the Federal Republic of Germany and the construction of the UMIC research building at RWTH Aachen on the Mies -van-der-Rohe-Str. 15 in Aachen.

For his faculty he was a member of the RWTH Aachen Senate and a member of the Senate Commissions for Construction and Real Estate and the Computer Center for several years .

research

The following outstanding achievements, which shaped modern mobile communications, are remembered from his collaboration with academic staff. Instead of “Walke and employees”, “he” is used in the following to simplify matters, with reference to corresponding scientific publications with the respective employees.

In 1985 he published the first the structure and operation of a packet-switched cellular ad hoc - radio network that many essential features of 5G - mobile radio systems and their precursors ( 2G, 3G and 4G ) anticipates. In stands: "The first relay-based cellular radio network was proposed in [B. Walke, R. Briechle 1985], which was a consequence of merging ad hoc networks and cellular networks" and in stands: "The seminal work by [B. . Walke, R. Briechle 1985] initiated the study of supplying relay stations into the mobile networks. " Features of the radio network proposed in 1985 are: digital data transmission in time, frequency and space multiplex , switchable directional antennas , code spreading , use of mm waves , interference coordination, multiple access , slotted ALOHA - protocol to reserve a bit rate , packet switching with datagram or virtual connection , self-organization , direct communication between mobile terminals and multi-hop routing via relay stations .

At the time (1985) it was a broadband system and today (2017), according to Moore's law , it would be transmitted at a data rate of 21 Gbit / s, roughly like a 5G mobile radio system.

1986-90 he developed in the EUREKA project PROMETHEUS PRO-COM an often cited protocol for vehicle-vehicle / infrastructure communication , which anticipates the essential functions of the 3GPP LTE Release 14 (V2X) standard for networked driving.

In 1991 he proposed the CELLPAC protocol, a packet-switched telecommunication service for vehicle-vehicle / infrastructure communication, which enables the GSM mobile radio system, which is transmitted with line switching, for packet switching. Packet switching is much more efficient than circuit switching for such services. The proposal prompted ETSI to think about introducing packet switching.

In 1993 he proposed the CELLPAC Voice & Data protocol for the implementation of a universal packet-switched voice and data service in the GSM mobile radio system. The standard specified by ETSI for the General Packet Radio Service ( GPRS ) in GSM follows its proposed protocol in all essential functions. GPRS was introduced in Germany and worldwide in 1999. Accelerated by the higher bit rate of the EDGE 3G system , GPRS is still the only mobile Internet access available worldwide 20 years after its introduction. Packet-switched language (according to his proposal in 1993) replaced circuit-switched language in 2008 in the 3.9G mobile radio system ( LTE ) and all subsequent generations of mobile radio.

Image 1: First public demonstration of mobile broadband video transmission (laboratory picture) with 34 Mbit / s at 40 GHz and structure of the associated fixed network with two base stations that are connected to the switching node (switch) of the ATM broadband network via a base station controller are. The fixed network contains the mobility management and connection control (signaling).

In 1992–2004 he developed the access protocols for the CEN - ETSI - standard DSRC for semi-passive transponders in research projects funded by the European Union . The standard is the de facto standard for electronic toll systems in Europe and beyond .

1992-1999 he developed in the EU-funded project RACE Mobile Broadband System (MBS) and the BMBF project ATMmobil a particularly efficient data structure for the medium access protocol OFDMA -based mobile broadband systems in the standard IEEE 802.16m (WiMAX), and (further developed) in the 3GPP standard for LTE and LTE-A as well as in the IEEE 802.11ax (WiFi-6) standard. Media access protocols of 4G, 5G and modern WLAN systems are based on this data structure.

In 1998 the European funded SAMBA project, in which his team was responsible for the protocols, showed the first public demonstration of a mobile broadband system with a TOSHIBA 34 Mbit / s modem at the EXPO-98 in Lisbon . Figure 1 shows the mobile terminal and the architecture of the test network.

In 2000 he adapted the relay technology he introduced in 1958 to modern cellular mobile broadband systems. Corresponding relays are used in the IEEE 802.16j (mobile WiMAX) standard and modified in the 3GPP LTE Release 10 standard for 4G / 5G systems to increase the signal strength / data rate of mobile terminals. The multi-hop relays used are a key technology for 4G and 5G cellular systems. In is entitled to a preliminary publication: "In a groundbreaking invited paper Prof. Bernhard Walke ... [presented] their broadband WMS [Wireless Media System] proposal [that] will use 1 W air interfaces for pico base stations and fixed wireless routers [relays]" . "

Image 2: WLAN-supported mobile broadband radio with fixed multi-hop relay stations (FRS), embedded in the wide area mobile radio

Figure 2 shows a mobile broadband system, the radio interface of which uses the WLAN standard IEEE 802.11a for multi-hop communication and 802.16a for radio connection to the fixed network. The radio cells of the WLAN radio access points (AP) connected to the Internet wirelessly or via cable are shown in brown; The radio cells shown in yellow are supplied by radio relays that connect the mobile terminals to the AP via two serial radio links; In green cells, wireless relays connect mobile terminals to the AP via three hops. The mobile broadband system is embedded in a 3G / 4G cellular network consisting of radio cells (wide area base station) (shown in gray).

In 2005 he published the algorithm for calculating the frequency spectrum requirement of 4G mobile radio systems. The algorithm is the core of the ITU-R Rec. M.1036 "Spectrum Estimation Methodology" standard and was used by the World Radio Conference in 2007 and 2015 for the worldwide allocation of frequency spectrum to 4G and 5G systems.

In 2000, 2006 he introduced a process for the controlled coexistence of radio systems operating simultaneously in a license-free frequency band using different standards. This means that transmissions of a centrally controlled radio system ( LTE , Bluetooth ) supporting real-time services (e.g. voice) and a WLAN according to the IEEE 802.11 standard are coordinated in the time domain so that both can share the same radio frequency channel fairly. 4G systems use the proposed method in LTE-U, cf. 3GPP ETSI TS 136 213 Release 10/11/12, as well as LTE-U Forum 2014 and in LAA, cf. 3GPP ETSI TS 136 213 Release 13/14/15.

In 2005–2008 he developed essential components of two appendices to the WLAN standard , namely IEEE 802.11e, which supports the quality of service in WLANs, and IEEE 802.11s , which implements WLAN mesh networks with multi-hop communication via relay stations to increase the radio range.

The ComNets Research Report 1990–2012 describes these and other ComNets research results by Walke and his scientific staff.

Awards, inventions

  • 1976: Prize from the Information Technology Society (ITG) in the Association of German Electrical Engineers (VDE) for the best scientific publication in 1975.
  • 2006: Award for Best Paper of 2005 in the Journal of the Korean Institute of Communications and Information Science.
  • 2008: Name giver for the institute building built by Walke for 3.5 million euros with ComNets own funds.
  • 2016: Appointment as IEEE Fellow “for Contributions to Packet Switching and Relaying in Mobile Radio Systems”.

Walke is the inventor of more than 100 patents or patent applications.

Science projects

Fifty of his roughly 400 scientific publications (including eight textbooks - five in English) have been cited more than twenty times by other scientific authors to date (2017).

In 1978, as chairman of the ITG technical committee, he convinced the ITG and the Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI) to set up jointly managed specialist groups, and is a founding member of two specialist groups that still regularly hold scientific conferences today:

  • 1979 Expert group “Measurement, Modeling and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems” (MMB), which he founded with Prof. PP Spies and which he led for a time.
  • 1981 specialist group “Computer Networks”.

Walke is one of the initiators of the European research funding for mobile broadband systems in the RACE-I framework program (1988–2002) of the European Union, which was followed by several framework programs promoting mobile broadband systems.

In 1995 he founded the European Personal Mobile Radio Communications Conference (EPMCC), which was held in Europe every two years until 2004, and the European Wireless Conference in 1998, which he chaired until 2008. The EPMCC was merged into the European Wireless Conference in 2004, which has taken place annually since then.

In 1996 he was an advisor to the BMBF, the minister of science, and co-initiator of large research programs such as ATMmobil (1996–1999), Multi-Hop (1998–2002) and MOBIKOM (2002–2005), which he headed as a scientific coordinator for ten years (until 2005). In these programs, the German mobile communications industry, together with university and research institutes, developed new technologies for mobile broadband communication.

1998–2000 Walke was a board member of the Information Technology Society (ITG) in the VDE.

2001–2003, as elected chairman of the “New Air Interface” working group of the Wireless World Research Forum, he shaped the fourth generation of radio protocols in mobile communications (LTE-A) and laid the foundations for 5G systems. The forum is the worldwide association of all manufacturers, operators and researchers of wireless and mobile radio technology with the aim of pre-competitive technical coordination of the next generation in mobile radio.

Walke has served on the technical program committee of countless IEEE conferences and has served as a scientific conference chair at times.

Advice and technology transfer

In 1989, as a member of a group of three professors, Walke advised the Minister of Post of the Federal Republic of Germany ( Christian Schwarz-Schilling ) in a competitive situation of ten industrial consortia on which consortium should be granted the GSM 900 license to operate the D2 mobile network. The minister has licensed the recommended consortium.

In 1992, Walke was the chief technical consultant for the Federal Post Minister Wolfgang Bötsch when the decision was made to issue a license to operate the E1 mobile network in the 1800 MHz band. The minister followed his advice.

From 1999–2006 he was a member and 2006–2015 chairman of the board of trustees of the Eduard Rhein Foundation , which annually awards an international technology prize for technical excellence in information technology.

In 2000 he founded P3 Solutions GmbH with two employees and the P3 engineering company (as investor / manager) for technical advice to mobile network operators. It formed the core of P3 communications GmbH, which was founded in 2008 and has several international locations and was renamed umlaut communications GmbH in 2019.

From 2004–2006 he was a member of the Awards Committee of the IEEE Communications Society (ComSoc), which annually determines award winners based on outstanding publications. The IEEE ComSoc is the world's largest specialist society for specialists in technical communication.

Walke was guest editor of special editions of the magazines IEEE Wireless Communications, IEEE Networking, Computer Networks, IEEE Journal of Communications and Networking, European Transactions in Telecommunications and others. a. m. He has been a reviewer for numerous scientific conference and journal articles.

ComNets Alumni Association

In 1993, Walke founded the Association of Friends and Patrons (FFV) of the ComNets institutions. The purpose of the association is the promotion and support of scientific work and the qualification of the next generation of scientists at the ComNets institutions. ComNets facilities exist at the RWTH Aachen University, the Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences , the University of Bremen , the Technical University of Dortmund , the Technical University of Dresden and the Technical University of Hamburg . The association organizes two workshops every year and awards prizes for excellent theses, including the Bernhard Walke Prize for the best dissertation of the previous year.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Association of Friends and Supporters of ComNets Institutions
  2. ↑ http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/books.html
  3. ↑ https://www.zvab.com/servlet/SearchResults?hl=on&sortby=20&an=Walke,%20Bernhard
  4. ↑ a b B. Walke, R. Briechle: A local cellular radio network for digital voice and data transmission at 60 GHz https://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/WaBr_01.pdf Proc. Cellular & Mobile Comms. International, Online Publisher, London, Nov. 5-7, 1985, 215-225
  5. ↑ Bin Lin, Pin-Han Ho, Liang-Liang Xie, Xuemin (Sherman) Shen, and Janos Tapolcai: "Optimal Relay Station Placement in Broadband Wireless Access Networks" IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, VOL. 9, No. 2 February 2010, 260
  6. ↑ X Wang, Q Liang, B Zhang, X Wu: “Joint Power and Spectrum Allocation for Relay Stations in Mobile Relay Networks” https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-00536-2_95 , Proceedings of Second International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Volume 246, 2014, 831-838, page 832
  7. ↑ W. Zhu, T. Hellmich, B. Walke: DCAP, a decentral channel access protocol: Performance analysis http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/1991ZhuHeWadcap.pdf . 41st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, May 1991, 463-468
  8. ↑ Initial Cellular V2X standard completed
  9. ↑ B. Walke, W. Mende, G. Hatziliadis: CELLPAC: A packet radio protocol applied to the cellular GSM mobile radio network https://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/1991WaMeHacellpac.pdf , Proc . 41th IEEE Vehic.Techn. Conf. (VTC), May 19-22, 1991, 408-413
  10. ↑ P. Decker, B. Walke: A general packet radio service proposed for GSM http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/DeWaETSIHelsinki93.pdf ETSI SMG Workshop "GSM in a Future Competitive Environment", Helsinki, Finland, October 13, 1993, 1-20
  11. ↑ B. Walke: The roots of GPRS: the first system for mobile packet-based global Internet access http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/Roots_of_GPRS_final.pdf IEEE Wireless Communications May 2013, 12- 23
  12. ↑ CH Rokitansky, C. Wietfeld: http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/RoWiVTC95.pdf , 45th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Chicago, USA, July 1995 Vol. 2, 964-970
  13. ↑ Research and Development in Advanced Communications Technologies in Europe (RACE)
  14. ↑ B. Walke, D. Petras, D. Plassmann: Wireless ATM: Air interface and network protocols of the mobile broadband system http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/WaPePl-PCM96.pdf , IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, Vol. 3, August 1996, 50-56
  15. ↑ R. Keller, B. Walke et al .: Wireless ATM for broadband multimedia wireless access: The ATMmobil project http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/ATMmobil99.pdf , IEEE Personal Communications, October 1999, 66-80
  16. ↑ System for advanced mobile broadband applications
  17. ↑ a b c d B. Walke, R. Pabst, D. Schultz: A mobile broadband system based on fixed wireless routers https://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/WaPaSc-ICCT03.pdf , Proc. International Conference on Communication Technologies ICCC, April 2003, Beijing, China
  18. ↑ The Mobile Broadband Standard LTE-Advanced http://www.3gpp.org/specifications/releases/70-release-10
  19. ↑ MS O'Droma: Wireless, Mobile and Always Best Connected, Global Communications Newsletter, Jan. 2004, 1-3, https://www.comsoc.org/files/Publications/Magazines/gcn/pdf/gcn0104.pdf ( Page 2 above)
  20. ↑ T. Irnich, B. Walke: Spectrum estimation methodology for next generation wireless systems http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/IrnichWalkePIMRC2005.pdf . Proc. IEEE Personal Indoors and Mobile Communications Conference, Berlin, Germany, Sept. 2005
  21. ↑ Method, network and control station for the two-way alternate control of radio systems of different standards in the same frequency band, B Walke, S Mangold - US Patent 7,016,676, 2006 (Priority date 2000) https://patents.google. com / patent / US7016676B2 / en
  22. ↑ L. Berlemann, C Hoymann, G Hiertz, B Walke: Unlicensed operation of IEEE 802.16: Coexistence with 802.11 (a) in shared frequency bands, Proc. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) September 2006 http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/BeHoHiWa_PIMRC06.pdf
  23. ↑ S. Mangold et al .: Analysis of IEEE 802.11e for QoS support in wireless LANs http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/download0.html?tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Bpublication%5D=608&tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Baction%5D = detail & tx_cnpublications_pi1% 5Bcontroller% 5D = Publications & cHash = e5dee9ff9d8dc4e6a8d2e3ae0db97318 , IEEE Wireless Communications, Dec. 2003, 40-50
  24. ↑ G. Hiertz et al .: IEEE 802.11s: WLAN Mesh Standardization and High Performance Extensions http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/complete-lists/abstracts/singlepage/p/1075.html?tx_cndownload_pi1 % 5Bsubtype% 5D = abstract , IEEE Network, May 2008, 12-19
  25. ↑ ANSI / IEEE 802.11e-2005 - IEEE Standard for Information technology - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications - Amendment 8: Medium Access Control (MAC) Quality of Service Enhancements, https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/802.11e-2005.html
  26. ↑ ComNets Research Report 1990–2012, http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/download0.html?tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Bpublication%5D=1311&tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_cnpublications=detail&tx_cnpublications21
  27. ↑ R. Pabst, N. Esseling, B. Walke: Fixed relays for next generation wireless systems - System concept and performance evaluation http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/PaWaEs_JCN2005.pdf . Journal of Communications and Networks, June 2005, 104-114
  28. ↑ http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/Research-Group/der-comnets-neubau0/Inauguration.html
  29. ↑ cf. Research result for "Bernhard Walke" in https://depatisnet.dpma.de/DepatisNet/depatisnet?window=1&space=main&content=einsteiger&action=einsteiger
  30. ↑ https://scholar.google.de/citations?hl=de&user=XcntJ0EAAAAJ&view_op=list_works
  31. ^ The specialist committee MMB measurement, modeling and evaluation of computer systems in messages from the information technology society for informatics
  32. ↑ KuVS
  33. ^ European Personal Mobile Radio Communications Conference (EPMCC), http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ett.4460060502/full
  34. ↑ a b Past Events European Wireless 2015
  35. ↑ European Wireless Conference, cf. (with the respective year) [1]
  36. ↑ [2]
  37. ↑ R. Keller, B. Walke et al .: Wireless ATM for broadband multimedia wireless access: The ATMmobil project http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/ATMmobil99.pdf , IEEE Personal Communications, October 1999, 66-80
  38. ↑ B. Walke, D. Petras, D. Plassmann: Wireless ATM: Air interface and network protocols of the mobile broadband system http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/WaPePl-PCM96.pdf , IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, Vol. 3, August 1996, 50-56
  39. ↑ Wireless World Research Forum, http://wwrf.ch/working_group_d.html
  40. ↑ IEEE Communications Society (ComSoc), https://www.comsoc.org/
personal data
SURNAME Walke, Bernhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German engineer
DATE OF BIRTH July 28, 1940
PLACE OF BIRTH Neisse, Upper Silesia