St-Ouen (Pont-Audemer)
The Catholic Church of Saint-Ouen in Pont-Audemer , a town in the Eure department in the French region of Normandy , was built at the end of the 15th and beginning of the 16th centuries on the site of a Romanesque predecessor church. The originally planned building of the size of a cathedral remained unfinished. 14 large stained glass windows from the time the church was built have survived . The church is dedicated to Saint Ouen , a Frankish saint and Bishop of Rouen in the 7th century. In 1909 the church, built in the transition from the Flamboyant Gothic to the Renaissance , was added to the list of architectural monuments in France as Monument historique .
history
The predecessor of today's church was built between the 11th and 13th centuries. Two Romanesque capitals , the transept and partly the choir have been preserved from this church . After the Hundred Years War plans were made to build a larger church and the Romanesque nave was demolished. Under the master builder Michel Gohier, the north tower and west facade were built from 1486 and the south tower began. From 1506 the builders Guillaume Morin and Thomas Theroulde continued the construction work and built the seven yokes of the ship. Under the master builder Roland Le Roux, the large central nave arcades with their rich Renaissance decor, the triforium with its twin arches and the flamboyant tracery and the west portal were created. From 1515, the chapels of the aisles were fitted with large leaded glass windows, which were commissioned by the bourgeoisie and the brotherhoods . The last two windows were installed in a chapel in the north aisle in the middle of the 16th century. In 1556 construction had to be stopped due to lack of money. The planned stone vault was no longer implemented and the roof structure remained visible in the form of an inverted hull. The southern tower stump was covered with a roof.
Between 1888 and 1895, the Duhamel-Marette workshop in Evreux restored the old windows. In 1935 the frames and the lead rods were renewed and the windows reassembled by Jean-Jacques Grüber . In 1939 the windows were removed and brought to safety. After the Second World War , Max Ingrand put the old panes back in and added some parts to them. He created new windows for the choir and the west facade.
architecture
The three-aisled nave is divided into seven bays. The side aisles are provided with chapels and covered with ribbed vaults, which are decorated with large carved keystones . The one-bay choir still has its ribbed vault from the 13th century and opens into a just closed apse .
Leaded glass windows from the 15th and 16th centuries
Saint Maturinus, Saint Sebastian , Apostles James and John the Baptist
Madonna and Child, Christ appears to the apostles
Mary's death , Mary lies in a splendid bed and is framed by the apostles
Eucharist window
The window of the first chapel in the south aisle is dedicated to the Eucharist . The top scene in the tracery depicts the Lord's Supper , in one scene below a dog recognizes a host . In the other scenes communion is given to a dying person, a wicked person cannot keep the host and spits it out again. In another representation, a possessed person is freed from the devil by giving communion. The lower panes show a procession , under a canopy you can see a priest carrying a monstrance with the holy of holies in front of him.
Audoenus window
The window tells episodes from the legend of St. Audoenus, the patron saint of the church. The young Audoenus is blessed with his brothers by St. Columban of Luxeuil . In one scene he can gush a source in another scene he is of King Dagobert I called. Audoenus is anointed Bishop of Rouen and later founds a monastery. He heals a miller and drives out a devil. In the last scene, communion is given to him . The scenes in the tracery depict his burial and the transfer of his relics .
Annunciation window
The upper part of the window shows the scene of the Annunciation . On the left side Mary is standing at a lectern, on the right the Archangel Gabriel turns to her . The middle pane is occupied by a vase with white lilies, over which God the Father and the dove float as a symbol of the Holy Spirit . Maria and Gabriel are framed by banners. In the tracery, angels hold banners in their hands, the top scene depicts the Trinity . The original burial scene on the lower part of the window was lost in 1913. It was replaced by Jean Gaudin's stained glass in Paris in 1927 .
Peter and Paul Window
On the window, two scenes each are dedicated to the apostles Peter and Paul . On the upper left pane, Peter walks across the water, in the next scene he is crucified with his head down. The right side shows the transformation of Saul into Paul. On the lower panes John the Baptist , St. Sebastian , St. Anthony and the Apostle James the Elder are depicted. The tracery is decorated with angels making music, and a Madonna with child is enthroned above.
Window of the four legends of saints
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Four legends of saints
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Episodes from the lives of St. Eustachius , the Apostle John , St. Nicholas and St. Maturinus are shown on the four panels of the window . Saint Eustachius and his family are thrown into a bronze bull with boiling water. The apostle John suffers his martyrdom in a cauldron of boiling oil. The three scholars in the salt barrel are reminiscent of one of the miracles of St. Nicholas. Saint Maturinus casts out a devil and saves fishermen in distress at sea. The family of the founder Jean de Fréville can be seen on the lower panes.
Window of John the Baptist
The upper scenes show John the Baptist preaching and at the baptism of Jesus . The lower scenes depict the beheading of John and the feast of Herod , to whom Salome presents the head of John on a golden bowl.
Redemption window
The window is dedicated to the theme of salvation . In the middle Jesus kneels on the cross and sprinkles the believers with his blood. Adam and Eve , Moses , Samson, and Old Testament kings are represented in the middle tier . In the lower field, Mary kneels , wrapped in a blue cloak and with the tiara on her head, surrounded by the evangelists , the apostles and other saints.
Nicholas window
The upper panes recall two miracles of St. Nicholas . On the left-hand side, grain is being loaded from a ship, Nikolaus had increased the freight and thus avoided a famine in Myra. On the right, Nicholas takes action against idolatry and has a tree cut down that was dedicated to the goddess Diana. The lower discs are modern additions from Max Ingrand . They depict Saint Louis , Francis of Assisi and Elisabeth of Thuringia .
Vincent Window
The window depicts the martyrdom of St. Vincent . Vincent is arrested, tied to a cross and torn to pieces with iron hooks. He is thrown from wild animals and finally sunk in the sea with a millstone on his neck. In the tracery, Saint Vincent is depicted surrounded by angels. The lower part with the representation of St. Vincent de Paul , St. Genoveva , Joan of Arc and St. Martin was also completed by Max Ingrand .
Honorius window
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Legend of St. Honorius of Amiens
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The window tells episodes from the legend of St. Honorius of Amiens , the patron saint of bakers. One scene shows him at class, in another scene he is standing at an oven and a maid pulls a bread peeler with green leaves out of the oven. After Honorius was appointed bishop of Amiens, his maid is said to have doubted it. She just wanted to believe it when her bread pusher turned into a flowering shrub. In the upper left scene Honorius is consecrated bishop, in the next scene there is a procession with the bread pusher carrying leaves. The discs of the tracery are decorated with heads and angels. Two martyrs, the apostle James and an abbess, are depicted and in the upper field St. Honorius.
organ
The oldest parts of the organ date from the 16th and 17th centuries. The organ was rebuilt in 1913 by Charles Mutin and expanded in 1957/58 by the organ builder Haerpfer & Erman . The instrumental part was declared a monument historique in 1993. The organ case made of oak comes largely from the 18th century. It was placed under a preservation order in 1971. Between 1995 and 2000 the organ was restored and partially reconstructed by the organ builder Michel Giroud (Grenoble). In particular, the organ case was returned to its original condition. The purely mechanical instrument has 18 stops on two manual works and a pedal .
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- Coupling: II / I, I / P
Baptismal font
In a chapel in the north aisle there is a baptismal font from the 16th century, which is decorated with rich Renaissance decor.
literature
- Martine Callias Bey, Véronique Chaussé, Françoise Gatouillat, Michel Hérold: Corpus Vitrearum. Les vitraux de Haute-Normandie . Éditions du patrimoine, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-85822-314-9 , pp. 191-195.
Web links
- Histoire, vitraux et choeur de l'église Saint-Ouen Ville de Pont-Audemer (French, accessed September 17, 2013)
- Église Saint-Ouen in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- 15th and 16th century leaded glass windows in the base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- Presentation of the parish community on the diocese website
Individual evidence
- ^ Organ in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Information on the organ (French); see also the information at orgbase.nl
Coordinates: 49 ° 21 ′ 19 ″ N , 0 ° 30 ′ 54.1 ″ E