Baden Castle
| Baden Castle | ||
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 Baden Castle with Kurhaus Badenweiler |
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| Alternative name (s): | Badenweiler Castle, Badin Castle | |
| Creation time : | around 1080 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Keep, foundation walls | |
| Standing position : | Nobles, dukes | |
| Place: | Badenweiler | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 48 '9 " N , 7 ° 40' 5.5" E | |
| Height: | 454.6 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Burg Baden also Burg Badin or Badenweiler Castle called, is the ruins of a hilltop castle on a 454.6 m above sea level. NN high altitude above the spa park in the middle of the municipality of Badenweiler in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district in Baden-Württemberg . It is considered the landmark of Badenweiler and is not identical to the Neuenfels castle ruins, which are located near Badenweiler .
history
The excavations in the castle and on the castle hill show that the hill was settled before 1122. Finds show that the Romans built a fort to protect Aqua Villa . Later the Alemanni built a hilltop castle to secure their area. This was taken over by the Franks.
From 1122 the castle was owned by the Zähringers to protect their silver mining. In 1148 the knight Adalbert von Baden , who named himself after the castle, was declared to be the servant of Duke Konrad I von Zähringen . In 1152 Heinrich and Rudolf von Baden were mentioned. In 1147 the castle came into the possession of the Guelphs as a dowry . The castle came to the Staufers by exchange in 1157 , to the Counts of Freiburg as heir in 1268, and to the Counts of Strassberg by marriage in 1303 . In the 14th century, external fortifications were built due to constant quarrels with the neighbors. By inheritance, the castle came into the possession of the Fürstenberg dynasty in 1363 , then back to the Counts of Freiburg and temporarily also to the Habsburgs. The castle was damaged in 1409 by soldiers from Humbert von Neuenburg , Prince-Bishop of Basel , and then rebuilt. After the Council of Constance it came back to the Counts of Freiburg. The last Count of Freiburg donated it to the Margraves of Hachberg- Ausenberg in 1444 and to the Margraviate of Baden in 1503 . Until it was destroyed, the castle was the center of Badenweiler's rule .
The destruction
After the city of Freiburg surrendered on November 16, 1677 during the Dutch War ( Siege of Freiburg (1677) ), French units under General Joseph de Montclar moved to Badenweiler on November 20, 1677 and demanded that a French garrison be accommodated in the castle, what Then on November 21st, the Baden-Durlach officials granted it under certain conditions, since the French had threatened the destruction of the whole area. However, the French occupation did not comply with the agreed conditions. On April 6, 1678, the castle was set on fire by the retreating French occupiers under the command of Marshal Crequi and partially blown up. The population returning from their places of refuge after the French withdrew, took building materials from the ruins. After that it was not rebuilt. Until it was blown up, the castle was constantly inhabited by bailiffs of the respective sovereigns.
The ruin today
In order to protect the ruin from decay and to open it up for tourism, it was restored; it can be reached via a steep path. This is lined with walls and leads past the round tower . Is northeast in Palas be seen with the three divisions that the castle was multistory and several rooms had, the shapes of the windows have been preserved. The keep is to be climbed as a viewing platform; it offers an overview of Badenweiler, eastwards of the Black Forest and westwards a wide view of the “heavenly landscape” of René Schickele : the lower lying Müllheim , the Rhine plain and the Vosges . Baden Castle is state owned and is looked after by the State Palaces and Gardens of Baden-Württemberg .
Sights on the castle hill
The castle hill is part of the spa park.
Grand Ducal Palace
The Grand Ducal Palace at the foot of the Burgberg was built in 1587 as the office of the Margraves of Baden . Until 1689 it was used as the seat of the upper office with interruptions . In 1727 the official seat was moved to Müllheim . From 1887 to 1888 the palace was rebuilt under Grand Duke Friedrich I of Baden into the Grand Ducal Baden summer residence . Today it is used for art exhibitions.
Monument to Grand Duke Friedrich I of Baden
On the west side of the promenade around the Burgberg, the so-called coffee mill, stands the monument to Grand Duke Friedrich I (1826–1907) with a view of the Vosges Mountains : it was created in 1912 by Karl Friedrich Moest from the Karlsruhe Art Academy and initially placed on Burgberg. It is the largest monument in Badenweiler and at the same time symbolizes an important era in the Baden region as an independent state. The popular father of the state often came to Badenweiler and celebrated his 80th birthday here in 1906 as the longest-serving monarch in Europe.
Anton Chekhov Monument
Also with a view of the Vosges, the new Chekhov monument was erected on Burgberg in 1992: In 1904 the Russian writer, novelist and playwright Anton Pavlovich Chekhov died in Badenweiler . The world's first memorial to him stood in the same place from 1908 to 1918, but fell victim to the metal collection campaign in the First World War . Today a memorial plaque commemorates this. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his death, on July 15, 2004, well-known representatives from Russia and Badenweiler planted a “symbolic cherry orchard” in the vicinity of the monument as a sign of a new, peaceful Europe in the spirit of Chekhov. The “Chekhov Salon” literary museum has been located in the meadow tract of the Kurhaus at the foot of the castle hill since 1998; since 2015 it has been housed in the rooms of the town hall.
Hildegard von Bingen Garden and Gutedel Garden
The spa gardens include a "Hildegard von Bingen garden", in which the abbess Hildegard von Bingen (1098–1179) (1098–1179) knowledge of medicine is shown on beds along the retaining wall with a variety of medicinal plants . This is followed by the Gutedelgarten. This botanical vine show garden shows different varieties of the Gutedel grape variety .
Belvedere
The Belvedere was built between 1811 and 1816 according to the plans of the Baden architect Friedrich Weinbrenner as a stately “tea and pleasure house”. Later it was also used for church services, as a local museum, painting studio, gym or for exhibitions. Today it is available for marriages through the registry office of the municipality of Badenweiler during the summer months.
Convertible path
The "Wandelbahn" was built in 1882/1883 with a length of 45.5 and a width of 4.5 meters as one of the formerly most important cast iron halls in the south-west of Germany at the location of today's Kurhaus and should enable promenading even in bad weather. In 1969 part of it was put up again at the "New Vosges View".
literature
- Gustav Faber: Badenweiler - A piece of Italy on German land . Verlag Karl Schillinger Freiburg, 2nd edition 1981, ISBN 3-921340-17-9 .
- Johannes Helm : On the blown tracks - a walk through the spa of Badenweiler in Roman times - Roman bath ruins in Badenweiler - sweat bath - spring sanctuary - cold water basin . In: Hebelbund (Ed.): The Margraviate. Contributions from the history, culture and economy of the Markgräflerland. Monthly magazine of the Hebelbund . Born 1957. Issue 7. Müllheim 1957, pp. 4–7.
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Krahe: Castles of the German Middle Ages - floor plan lexicon . Special edition, Flechsig Verlag, Würzburg 2000, ISBN 3-88189-360-1 , p. 90.
- Max Miller (ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 6: Baden-Württemberg (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 276). Kröner, Stuttgart 1965, DNB 456882928 .
- Karl Seith : Siege and capture of Badenweiler Castle on May 19, 1633. In: Das Markgräflerland, Issue 4.1929 / 30, pp. 121–122, digital copy of the Freiburg University Library .
- Karl Seith: Castle and Lordship of Badenweiler in the course of history up to the transition to the Margraviate of Baden in 1503. In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 1/1961, pp. 73–83 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
- Ernst Scheffelt: The Dutch War and the Destruction of Badenweiler Castle. In: Die Margrafschaft, issue 8/1965, pp. 4–5.
- Karl-Bernhard Knappe: Badenweiler Castle. Aspects of their history , In: Das Markgräflerland, Heft 2/1994, pp. 70–96. Digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
- Christian Adolf Müller: II. Badenweiler and its surroundings. In: Das Markgräflerland, 1973, special issue Burgen und Schlösser, pp. 24–39. Digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
- Josef Bader : Walk through the Markgrafenland . In: Badenia or das Badische Land und Volk, a magazine for patriotic history and regional studies, 3rd year, Karlsruhe 1844, pp. 79–113; to Baden Castle s. Pp. 101-113. online in Google Book Search
- Stefan King: Baden castle ruins, Badenweiler. North wall of the core building. Results of building research. In: Castles in Breisgau. Aspects of castle and rule in a supra-regional comparison. Edited by Erik Beck, Eva-Maria Butz, Martin Strotz, Alfons Zettler and Thomas Zotz, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern, 2012, pp. 349–354.
- Eva-Maria Butz: Badenweiler (FR). In: Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz : The castles in medieval mash gau. Volume II: Southern part of half volume AK . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-7366-5 , pp. 47-71.
- Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Volume 5: District of Lörrach. Tübingen / Leipzig 1901, pp. 67-73. (on-line)
- Jörg Sigwart: The castles as excursion and travel destinations. Badenweiler as a paradigm. In: Sybille Bock (editor): Baden castles from a romantic perspective. Selection from the holdings of the Augustinian Museum. Freiburg i.Br. 1993, pp. 36-42
Web links
- Badenweiler Castle on the website of the State Palaces and Gardens of Baden-Württemberg
- Entry for Baden - Badenweiler Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Badenweiler castle ruins on the homepage www.burgen-schloesser-impressionen.de; accessed on June 21, 2020
- Link to an engraving based on a drawing by Maximilian von Ring at www.zum.de/Faecher; Retrieved February 25, 2016