Hunnesrück Castle
| Hunnesrück Castle | ||
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 Amtsberge near Dassel with the Hunnesrück castle ruins |
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| Creation time : | documentary Mentioned in 1310 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Trench, wall, wall remains | |
| Place: | Official mountains near Dassel | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 49 '16 " N , 9 ° 40' 57" E | |
| Height: | 317 m above sea level NN | |
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The Hunnesrück Castle was built in the 13th century hilltop castle whose ruins remains in the Office mountains in Dassel in the district of Northeim in southern Lower Saxony are.
The castle was built in the 13th century and destroyed in 1521 during the Hildesheim collegiate feud . Remnants of moats , walls and walls have been preserved.
Geographical location
The Hunnesrück castle ruins are located in the southern part of the Amtsberge (max. 392.2 m above sea level ) 2.3 km north of Dassel or around 1.4 km west-southwest of Gut Hunnesrück , also near the Eselsteich . You are on a wooded foothill that is 317 m above sea level. NN high elevation of the rock of the lower shell limestone east of the Spüligbach valley. The Wallburg Dassel was probably a predecessor of Hunnesrück Castle.
Building description
The castle, which was staggered several times by defenses, was in a favorable strategic position due to the surrounding steep slopes, especially to the west. Until the introduction of fire guns, it was considered impregnable. From this lofty location a view of the Dasseler Börde and the Markoldendorfer Basin up to the Harz is possible.
From today's wall and wall remains it can be seen that the castle had a lower fore and a higher main castle , which was surrounded by a circular wall. In the gate area of the outer bailey there was a round tower that protected the entrance. In the main castle there was a larger, rectangular residential tower . The keep was a round tower . There was a chapel and a cistern in the courtyard . For the most part, there was a double wall system, as airborne laser scanning investigations show.
Castle remains (green) between Mackensen and Gut Hunnesrück
Hunnesrück castle ruins (enlarged copy of a drawing by Krabbe from 1603) and site plan
Remains of the castle wall
history
The Counts of Dassel initially had a castle on the castle hill of the Ellenser Forest south of the Ilme at their ancestral seat Dassel, after which they named themselves . This was pointed out in 1596 by Johannes Letzner , who knew the area from his pastoral activities in Lüthorst , in his chronicle. As airborne laser scanning examinations in 2009 revealed, it was a hillside castle , the outer wall of which is partly still visible today. They also had a fortified courtyard in today's old town of Dassel. The first castle of the counts has not yet been recorded in a document or archaeologically. A mention of two castles near Dassel in a document by Bishop Heinrich in 1357 leaves it open as to whether this refers to the courtyard in the town that has since become a town or the old hillside castle ( sloten to hundesrughe un to daße ).
For these reasons, Hunnesrück Castle, north of the Ilme, is the second castle of the Counts at their ancestral home in Dassel. The need to build a new hilltop castle resulted from the fact that the architectural style and location of the predecessor complex, which was dated to the late early Middle Ages, were outdated. Hunnesrück Castle was built by the Counts of Dassel in the 13th century after the division of the County of Dassel. In medieval documents it is referred to as de Hundesrügge . It was first mentioned in a document in 1310 when it was sold by Simon von Dassel to Bishop Siegfried von Hildesheim . Its successor had it renovated.
From 1310 to 1523 Dassel was the exclave of the Hildesheim Monastery . Hunnesrück Castle was the only castle in this exclave. During this time it was administered by various noble families and was the seat of the district bailiff for the Hunnesrück office . In 1367 she provided Bishop Gerhard von Berg with a contingent of knights for the Battle of Dinklar and thus contributed to his victory.
During the Hildesheim collegiate feud in 1521 troops of the dukes Erich I of Calenberg and Heinrich the Younger of Wolfenbüttel moved in front of the castle. They had them bombarded with heavy artillery from the neighboring ridge Hatop and took them. Its structural remains were used in 1527–1530 when the Erichsburg was built . In 1603 Johannes Krabbe, as an eyewitness , drew the state of the ruin on his map of the Solling . The Erichsburg was built about 3 km to the east in a swampy lowland by Duke Erich I. Today there are some remains of the walls of Hunnesrück Castle, while its walls are still enormous.
literature
- Margret Zimmermann, Hans Kensche: Castles and palaces in Hildesheimer Land . Hildesheim, 2001, pp. 82-83
- Markus C. Blaich , Sonja Stadje, Kim Kappes: Burg Hunnesrück and Erichsburg in: The Heldenburg near Salzderhelden, castle and residence in the Principality of Grubenhagen , (= guide to the prehistory and early history of Lower Saxony. 32) Isensee Verlag , Oldenburg, 2019, p. 107-110.
Web links
- Entry by Gudrun Pischke about Hunnesrück Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Reconstruction drawing showing the state in the Middle Ages
- Chronology at the city of Dassel
Individual evidence
- ^ Hans-Wilhelm Heine : Airborne laser scanning in the Weserbergland. At www.denkmalpflege.niedersachsen.de
- ^ Hans-Wilhelm Heine: Airborne laser scanning in the Weserbergland. In: Reports on the preservation of monuments in Lower Saxony . Vol. 29, No. 4, 2009, pp. 135–137, ( digitized version (PDF; 485.36 kB) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).
- ^ Johann Samuelersch , Johann Gottfried Gruber (Ed.): General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . Section 1: A – G. Volume 23: Daniel - Demeter. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1832, p. 156 .
- ^ Hermann Sudendorf: Document book on the history of the dukes of Braunschweig and Lüneburg and their lands. Part 3: From the year 1357 to the year 1369. Rümpler, Hannover 1862, p. 5 .
- ^ Hermann Sudendorf: Document book on the history of the dukes of Braunschweig and Lüneburg and their lands. Part 6: From 1382 to 1389. Rümpler, Hannover 1867, pp. 188–190 .
