Dassel basin
The Dasseler Basin , also Dasseler Börde or Dasseler Senke , is a basin near Dassel in Lower Saxony .
term
According to the state of research, a distinction can be made between the basin landscape in the broader sense and the Börde in the narrower sense. Because of the small-scale complex geomorphology, the exact delimitation can only be made by definition.
Dassel basin
The Dassel Basin is an almost closed hollow shape, the edge of which is formed by the peaks of the surrounding mountains. Thus, the watershed serves as a reference line.
Dasseler Börde
The Dasseler Börde is the fertile Börde up to the edge of the forest of the surrounding mountains. In terms of area, it makes up about a third of the basin.
geography
location
In the east of the area, the Amtsberge , Bierberg and Ellenser Wald are the limiting elevations. The northern limit is formed by the Holzberg and the Heukenberg , while the Solling in the area of the Großer Ahrensberg forms the end in the west and south . The approximately 135 km 2 area has a pronounced side valley around Hilwartshausen . The lowest point of the basin is about 145 m on the grounds of the Paul-Gerhardt-Schule Dassel , the highest of the surrounding mountain ranges is about 528 m is the Große Pollen . The main bottom of the valley is around 200 m high.
Natural allocation
In the natural division of Germany on sheet 99 Göttingen , the Dassel Basin is not shown as a separate natural area and is located on the edge of the core Solling (unit 370.0, main unit 370 Solling, Bramwald and Reinhardswald ). The Amtsberge, Holzberg and Ellenser Wald are again combined as the Amtsberge natural area (371.04, main unit 370 Sollingvorland ). However, the basin can certainly be interpreted as a separate natural space.
ground
Due to its loess soil structure, the Dassel basin has the characteristics of a bordering landscape. Several other such landscapes lie north of the low mountain range threshold , but are usually more extensive. The northern part of the valley is drained by the Spüligbach , the southern part by the Ilme and some of the streams flowing towards it, such as the Bremkebach and the Schlingenbach .
geology
This is an area geological transition between red sandstone surface of the Solling the west and the limestone rocks of the due inverted relief incurred foothills to the east. Its emergence results from the formation of the Einbeck-Markoldendorfer basin to the east .
colonization
present
The incorporated villages of Hilwartshausen, Mackensen , Relliehausen and Sievershausen, including the localities of Friedrichshausen and Abbecke , are located around the town of Dassel . While these places are located in the Northeim district, around 80% of the total area , the villages of Denkiehausen , Heinade , Hellental and Merxhausen on the northern edge of the basin belong to the Holzminden district .
Around two thirds of the basin are practically free of settlements and are used as forest. There, parts of the border areas of the watershed belong to the community-free area of the Solling, for example in the area of the New Pond . In the remaining third, the actual crimping, the fertile, in which it is glacial formed and Parabraunerde layered loess soil today, if not overbuilt, as arable land intensive agricultural use.
history
The area was already used by hunters and gatherers in the Mesolithic , after a milder climate after the Vistula glacial period improved living conditions. Traces of their deposits were detected mainly south of the Bremkebaches to the forest edge of the Solling and include fireplaces and from flint prepared wheel axes . So far, no traces of the band ceramic culture that followed the collector culture have been found. Such traces of early houses or ceramic shards were found in the Leinegraben , which is interpreted to mean that the first signs of overexploitation may have contributed to a relocation of the settlements from the edge of the forest to the valleys of the rivers.
In the Middle Ages, the first farmsteads developed into clustered villages . The area experienced a remarkable high point of settlement in the High Middle Ages , when, under the rule of the Counts of Dassel, other settlements emerged next to today's villages. However, these were still in the Middle Ages, when the city Dassel protective walls were built, again without form . In the 14th century, the landscape was first mentioned in writing in a list of the Lippoldsberg monastery as "Desselsgen Borde". During this period, Sievershausen was laid out as a street village in a way that is atypical for the area . With Hellental and Abbecke, villages were last founded in the late 18th century.
The attempt to combine all the localities in this area into a political unit has so far only been made once, when between 1809 and 1813 under the reign of King Hieronymus Napoleon, with the exception of Heinade, all the localities in the basin in the canton of Dassel were combined.
Gauss stones
The exact boundary line of the basin is the respective ridge line of the mountains that surround the basin. One of the points on this line, the southeasternmost boundary point of the Dassel Basin, is marked by a Gauss stone. He is on the Wolfsstrang elevation . The mathematician and geodesist Carl Friedrich Gauß had this built for the purposes of land surveying around 1820 , when he surveyed the Kingdom of Hanover on behalf of King George IV . The results of his work flowed into the map series of the Gaussian land survey .
Another Gauss stone is positioned not far to the northwest of it, a few meters next to a historic baptismal font. This marks the location of a former cattle barn, which Johannes Krabbe had previously marked as "Dasseler Vihe Stall" on his Solling map and in which Pastor Hummel of the St. Laurentius Church had baptized children of the shepherd family.
natural reserve
In the basin are the nature reserves Friedrichshauser Bruch and Heukenberg . In addition, parts of the nature reserves Eichenhudewälder near Lauenberg , Hellental and Holzbergwiesen belong to it. The Solling bird sanctuary also protrudes into the basin. The Habitats Directive applies to some smaller forest areas and streams . In addition, the wooded part of the Solling is designated as a landscape protection area.
Viewpoints
The landscape can be seen from numerous parts of the surrounding mountain ranges. However, the peaks of the mountain ranges are usually wooded, so that the edge of the forest allows the highest view. Particularly striking viewpoints are:
- the location of the Drei Linden with a direct view of the town of Dassel, which gives the landscape its name,
- the place of the castle ruin Löwenburg is one of the few points from which both the Dasseler basin and the Einbeck-Markoldendorfer basin can be seen,
- The Abbecke location is one of the highest populated places in the Solling, so that the hiking trails in the forest, some of which also belong to the Solling-Vogler mountain bike region , allow a clear view of the southern part of the landscape.
literature
- Ursula Werben: Between the Paleolithic and New Stone Age - the Mesolithic Age in the Einbeck - Dassel area, in: Einbecker Jahrbuch Volume 49, 2004, p. 75ff
- Rudolf Neermann: The economic and geographic significance of the Solling for the Dassel basin, in: Einbecker Jahrbuch, Volume 30, 1970, pp. 24-69
Individual evidence
- ^ Jürgen Hövermann: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 99 Göttingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. → Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
- ↑ Edgar Hennecke : Kloster Lippoldsberg, in: Yearbook of the Society for Lower Saxony Church History, Volume 46, 1941, p. 71
- ↑ Hannes Blieschies, Detlef Creydt: Denksteine im Solling, 2010, p. 148
- ↑ Hannes Blieschies, Detlef Creydt: Denksteine im Solling, 2010, p. 199
- ↑ Area data of the FFH areas and the EU bird protection areas at NLWKN