Templštejn Castle (Jihlava)
| Templštejn | ||
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.jpg) Wall remains |
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| Alternative name (s): | Templštýn, temple stone | |
| Creation time : | between 1281 and 1298 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Jamolice | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 5 '26 " N , 16 ° 14' 54.4" E | |
| Height: | 355 m nm | |
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The castle Templštejn , also Templštýn (German temple stone ) is the ruin of a spur castle in the Czech Republic . It is located two kilometers north of Jamolice in the Okres Znojmo .
geography
The castle ruins, surrounded by the Templštejn nature reserve, are located on the right side of the Jihlava - across from a bend in the river - on a wooded mountain spur that towers over 100 meters above the river level in the Jevišovická pahorkatina ( Jaispitzer hill country ) in the area of the Střední Pojihlaví nature park . The Vrabčí Kopec (389 m nm) rises to the southwest.
The surrounding towns are Senorady , Biskoupky , Hrubšice , Polánka , Jamolice , Dolní Dubňany , Horní Dubňany , Dukovany , Mohelno and Lhánice .
history
Templar castle and coming
After King Wenceslas I had approved the templar lords to set up branches in Bohemia and Moravia in 1232 , the order founded the Coming Gomolitz, which was documented until 1281 . In the period that followed, the order erected the mighty Tempelstein Castle under Commander Dietrich north of Gomolitz on a double rocky peak above the Jihlava Valley and, after its completion, relocated the coming, goods and church patrons in Ober-Dubin , Unter-Dubin , Tokkowan , Bohuzlawitz, Gomolitz , Poppitz , Ketkowitz , Rapotitz , Svatoslav , Suditz , Biskupka , Řeznowicz and Czuczitz owned the castle. In 1290 the Comtur Syfrid de Bruno sold the Svatoslav farm with two hubs to the abbot of the Benedictine monastery in Třebíč . Around 1295, the brothers Abel and Wyzemilas von Dobřensko joined the order and gave the commander several hubs in Dobrenz and vineyards in Pitirwiz ; another brother, Jimram von Dobřensko, sold the order together with his brother-in-law Eberhard von Stendorf more land in Dobrenz and vineyards in Pitirwiz.
The first mention of the new Kommende Tempelstein took place on July 16, 1298, when the youngest of the four brothers, Niklas von Dobřensko, waived all claims in Dobrenz and Pitirwiz in favor of the temple masters. After 1303 there is no more news about the Templars coming. The assumption to be found in the literature that the temple lords had sold the Tempelstein goods to the Order of St. John cannot be documented.
Aristocratic residence
After the Templars were abolished in 1312, Berthold Pirkner von Pirkenstein acquired the Tempelstein Castle with the villages of Jamolitz , Dobřensko , Biskupka and Řeznowicz in 1318. The northern villages were assigned to the Levnov Castle . The brothers Wenzel and Ulrich Pirkner of Pirkenstein sold the landtäflige Good temple stone in 1349 to Přibík of Schellenberg. His sons Drslaw and Johann von Schellenberg sold Tempelstein Castle and the associated goods including the vineyard rights in Mispitz and Spanitz in 1379 for 3200 marks to Heinrich von Leipa . From 1397 the castle was owned by the sovereign and Marquard von Pechtitz ( Markvart z Pechtic ) was appointed burgrave. Since 1410 the castle belonged again to the lords of Leipa. The lords of Leipa had the castle rebuilt and a new palace built; they then used the predicate of Leipa and Tempelstein again and again until 1448 . On April 24, 1417, Čeňek von Leipa concluded a recess with the abbot of the Saar monastery on Tempelstein , which ended disputes over the church tithe of Nowa Wes . After the Lords of Lipa in 1434 after the extinction of the Lords of Kravaře the rule Moravsky Krumlov had fallen, she joined the Good temple stone with Krumlov. In 1439 Wenceslaus von Tulleschitz ( Václav z Tulešic ) was mentioned as the burgrave of Tempelstein. Jan Boček von Kunstadt owned the castle between 1475 and 1476 . From 1482 the castle was the seat of Lords Osovský von Doubravitz , later the Lords von Leipa bought the castle back again.
Downfall
Tempelstein Castle was never conquered. Traces of fire on parts of the building and metallic objects as well as the remains of charred beams indicate that the castle burned out in the first half of the 16th century. Stones with the year 1552 indicate that the Lords of Leipa had started with the reconstruction, but soon stopped. Tempelstein Castle has been considered desolate since the middle of the 16th century.
After the Battle of White Mountain in 1618, all goods belonging to Berthold Bohuslaw ( Bohubud ) von Leipa, who was a leader of the Moravian estates, were confiscated in 1621 . In 1625 Gundaker von Liechtenstein acquired the Krumlov rule; the ruins remained in the possession of the Liechtenstein family until 1908 and then belonged to Count Kinsky until it was expropriated in 1945 . No conservation measures were taken for over 450 years, so that the ruins gradually collapsed due to vegetation and the effects of wind and weather.
The forestry administration of the Czech Republic put the ruin publicly for sale in 2011, since then it has been the private property of David Hamza. The owner intends to keep the ruin using natural materials and in the original construction and to prevent further deterioration. In 2014 a log cabin, an information board and a wooden staircase with a view of the Jihlava valley were built. Repairs were also made and vegetation removed.
investment
Tempelstein was built on the model of English castles. The core castle , which dates from the 13th century, was surrounded by a mighty mantle wall with a circular floor plan, which was reinforced by a large pillar at the top facing the access path. After the completion of the core castle, a partially double fortification belt was created all around. To protect against direct artillery fire, the construction of a gable wall on the hill in front of the castle began in the middle of the 15th century, but remained unfinished. The ruins of the palace, parts of the mantle wall, the castle gate and the fountain as well as the remains of the moats, the Gothic castle chapel and extensive ramparts have been preserved. The courtyard is covered by a meter-high layer of rubble.
The ruin has been protected as a cultural monument since 1958.
Web links
- Site of the Templštejn Castle
- Hrad Templštejn ÚSKP 34154 / 7-6396 in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).
- Templštejn on hrady.cz
- Upcoming Tempelstein in the Templerlexikon
Individual evidence
- ↑ Extinct village near Dukovany
- ↑ Hrad Templštejn ÚSKP 34154 / 7-6396 in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).