Canarium luzonicum
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| ( Flower ) A.Gray |
Canarium luzonicum , also Manilaelemi or Manilaelemibaum , is a species of tree from the balsam tree family(Burseraceae), whichis nativeto the Philippines .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Canarium luzonicum is an evergreen tree that can grow to a height of 35 m and a diameter of 100 cm or more. The 4–6 (–8) mm thick, balding branches are covered with lenticels . The bark of the branches contains resin ducts . The pith has numerous vascular bundles arranged at the edge . The leaves are screwed . The mostly early falling stipules are inserted on the petiole either at its base or up to a maximum of 5 mm above its attachment point on the branch. They are circular, about 8 mm in diameter, have entire margins and are downy hairy.
The stalked and imparipinnate, bare leaf blades consist of about three to nine pairs of plumage. The short-stalked, slightly leathery, egg-lanceolate to elongated or elliptical, entire-margined leaflets are 6.5–25 cm long and 3.5–8.5 cm wide. They have a wedge-shaped to rounded, blunt, sometimes heart-shaped base and are pointed to pointed or pointed to rounded at the front. The veins of the leaflets are parallel and obliquely forward, sometimes alternately pinnate. The lateral nerves are bent forward at the edge, not reaching the edge.
Generative characteristics
The gender distribution is dioecious . The inflorescences are axillary panicles , several of which are clustered around the branch ends. Due to the early fall of their bracts , a terminal whole inflorescence is simulated. The male inflorescences are 10-25 cm long, the female 5-18 cm long. Their up to 4.5 cm long main branches are profuse in the male inflorescences, in the female they have up to five flowers . The axes of the inflorescences are bald. The bracts and bracts in the inflorescence are derived from stipules that have grown together in pairs and are similar to them.
The radial symmetry , threefold, unisexual, fragrant flowers are greenish to cream colored. The almost sessile, male flowers are 2.5–4 mm long. The stiff stalked female flowers have a concave base of the flower and are 6-8 mm long. The three sepals that are fused together at the base and flap in the bud are downy-haired on the outside. In male flowers the calyx is about 1.5 mm high, in female about 5 mm. The three free, in the bud dachziegelig overlapping petals have inwardly curved klappig covering peaks. They are thickened in the central part and with the exception of the base and edges on the outside fluffy hairy.
The stamens are bare. The anthers are dorsifix near their base, that is, attached to the stamen on their back. They open lengthways and are intrors, with their pollen sacs turned towards the center of the flower. In male flowers there are usually six free stamens, but the three in front of the petals can also be reduced. In female flowers, the six reduced and sterile stamens are somewhat fused together at the base.
The nectar disc lies within the stamens. In male flowers it forms a massive, flat, about 1/3 mm high, densely felty hairy pillow. In female flowers, the bare disc is fused with the flower base, but has a free edge. In male flowers is missing stamp or has atrophied, in female flowers of the Upper constant, hairy stamp has a spherical ovary and a short, simple stylus with spherical scar . In each compartment of the triple ovary there are two central angular ovules .
The 4–10 cm long, bare fruit clusters contain one to five fruits . The small calyx, which is persistent and flat in its fruiting state, has a diameter of 10–12 mm. The fruits are plum-like , blue-black, bald drupes with a fleshy mesocarp . They are ovate to ellipsoidal, round to slightly triangular in cross section and 3–5 cm long and 1.5–2.5 cm wide. The smooth, slightly angular stone core consists of three chambers, of which usually only one, rarely a second, each contains a single seed and the others are reduced, small and sterile. The stone core opens with a 2.5 mm thick lid during germination . The seed is nutritious d. H. it contains no endosperm , but the fleshy cotyledons are oily .
Canarium luzonicum mainly flowers in August and September. The flowering period extends from April to October. The species can be fruitful in the period from August to May, but the peak of the fruiting period is in January and February.
distribution and habitat
Canarium luzonicum is endemic to the northern and central Philippines . The species is known there from the islands of Luzon , Alabat , Mindoro , Ticao , Masbate and Bohol .
The species occurs in primary tropical rainforests at low to medium altitudes.
Taxonomy
The species was first described as Canarium album in 1837 by the Spanish religious priest and botanist Francisco Manuel Blanco . The German-Dutch botanist Carl Ludwig Blume described it again under the name Pimela luzonica in 1850 , after he had recognized that the species treated by Blanco was different from the long-known Pimela alba Lour. (= Canarium album (Lour.) DC. ) Matched. The name Canarium luzonicum , which is valid today , was given to the species in 1854 by the American botanist Asa Gray . Canarium carapifolium Perkins , Canarium commune Fern.-Vill. , Canarium oliganthum Merr. , Canarium polyanthum Perkins , Canarium triandrum Engl. Are other synonyms .
use
The tree secretes a soft, white resin, manila elemi , which hardens in the air and is used as incense . The seeds (pili nuts) are edible and a vegetable oil (pili nut oil) can also be obtained from them. Canarium ovatum also supplies pili nuts .
The pulp is eaten cooked, and an oil can also be pressed from it. Young sprouts are also eaten.
The bark and resin are used medicinally.
literature
- PW Leenhouts: Burseraceae. In: Flora Malesiana. Ser. I, Vol. 5 (2). Botanic Gardens of Indonesia, Bogor, Rijksherbarium, Leyden 1956, pp. 209-296. - p. 270 - online .
Web links
- Canarium luzonicum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
- Canarium Luzonicum in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013. Posted by: World Conservation Monitoring Center, 1998. Accessed June 29, 2014.
- Sahing, Manila elemi at stuartxchange.org (accessed June 11, 2010).
- Canarium luzonicum from Useful Tropical Plants, accessed February 2, 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database: Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A. Gray (English, accessed June 29, 2014).
- ^ Juan V. Pancho, William SM. Gruezo: Vascular Flora of Mount Makiling and Vicinity (Luzon: Philippines). Part 2, NAST, 2006, ISBN 978-971-8538-78-4 , p. 252 f. (Illustration by Canarium luzonicum ), online (PDF; 1.9 MB), from NAST Philippines, accessed on February 3, 2018.
- ↑ FM Blanco : Flora de Filipinas. Manila 1837, p. 793. - online .
- ↑ CL Blume : Museum botanicum Lugduno-Batavum. Tom. I. Brill, Leiden (= Lugdunum Batavorum) 1850, p. 220. - online
- ↑ A. Gray : Ord. Burseraceae. In: United States Exploring Expedition. Vol. XV: Botany. Phanerogamia. Part IC Sherman, Philadelphia 1854, pp. 373-375. - online