Danish charity

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coordinates: 54 ° 25 '  N , 10 ° 3'  E

Map of the Danish welfare from 1652 from New description of the country of the two duchies of Schleswig and Holstein
Beach in Kiel-Schilksee

The landscape of Dänischer Wohld ( Danish : Jernved , Latinized : Sylva Danica ) is a peninsula between Eckernförde Bay and Kiel Fjord in Schleswig-Holstein . In the south, the Danish Wohld is bounded by the Levensau and the Eider (today about the Kiel Canal ). The capital of the historical landscape and an office of the same name that only covers a central part of the peninsula is Gettorf .

The Danish Wohld is mainly in the old district of Eckernförde of today's Rendsburg-Eckernförde . Some places in the southeast ( Schilksee , Holtenau , Friedrichsort , Pries ) have belonged to the city of Kiel since 1922 and 1959 (Schilksee) . A total of about 46,500 people live on the Danish Wohld.

landscape

The Danish Wohld is part of the Schleswig-Holstein hill country . This young moraine landscape formed around 20,000 years ago with the melting of the Vistula Ice Age . Many knolls and hills cover the landscape. Today, behind the beaches and cliffs , there are extensive fields of corn, maize and rape.

Surname

The name "Dänischer Wohld" can be traced back to the former Isarnho (iron forest ) forest area between Eckernförde Bay and Kiel Fjord, which was once in the crown estate of the Danish king . The Low German expression Wohld stands for forest . The name Eisenwald can still be found today in the Danish name Jernved , in old Danish the landscape was called Iarnwith and in Old Saxon as Isarnhoe . The name can also be found in the Old Norse Völuspá as an expression for a mythological, difficult to penetrate forest (cf. also Old Norse viðr originally for a border forest). Danskerskov or Danskeskov (≈Danish forest) are less common in Danish . The Latinized expression is Sylva Danica .

The Danish Wohld (Danske Skov) in the southeast of medieval Denmark or from around 1236 the Danish Duchy of Schleswig

colonization

prehistory

The 13th millennium BC is the earliest evidence of people in Schleswig-Holstein. To be seen. Sporadically used deposits by reindeer hunters followed 8000–9000 years ago the first transition to sedentary life and rural economy, arable farming , animal husbandry and tillage. Many megalithic graves found in the Danish Wohld (for example the numerous large stone graves near Birkenmoor ) are an expression of the established social structure of the immigrant tribes of the Neolithic Age.

Only in the 3rd millennium BC Planned clearing and the creation of pastures , fields and housing developments took place. In contrast, larger settlement units and the development of handicrafts and traders did not occur until the 2nd millennium BC. To assume and mark of the beginning Bronze Age . Numerous finds, among others in Bornstein ( princely graves of Neudorf-Bornstein ) attest to the early settlement here as well. Since the 2nd century BC Jutian Cimbri and Teutons can be identified.

Great Migration

In the following period of migration from the end of the 3rd century AD, extensive population movements are documented, presumably because of the unfavorable living conditions. The Saxons, which have been occupied since the 2nd century AD, increasingly immigrated into Britain with Jutes and Angles around 400 to around 500 and left large gaps in settlement north of the Elbe . The Danish Wohld was largely uninhabited.

middle Ages

The Danish Wohld between Eckernförde Bay and Kieler Förde was only sparsely populated until the 13th century, covered by forest and thus formed a border strip between Danish and Saxon (northern German) settlement.

Since 811, the Eider and Levensau were established as the boundary of influence between the Danes and Saxons . The Osterwall des Danewerkes stretched north of the Windebyer Noor . To the east, the Limes Saxoniae formed a further limit of influence against the Slavs.

The area of ​​the Danish Wohldes in between still consisted of contiguous forest and was accordingly largely uninhabited, apart from a few Jutian settlements. Administratively, the Danish Wohld belonged to Fræzlæt since around 1200 . The area mentioned around 1231 as the royal fief of the Danish king Waldemar II geographically comprised the Eckernförde / Windeby - Haby - Sehestedt line in the west and south to the Eider and Levensau; today roughly following the Kiel Canal .

In the year 1260 the Danish Wohld was finally pledged to the Holstein counts, which brought with it an immigration of settlers coming from the south and a clearing of large parts of the Danish Wohld. The first settlement areas with cattle and agriculture were followed by farming villages and fortified aristocratic residences. In 1662 50% of the area had already been cleared.

Founding villages

The oldest villages were founded

At the end of the Middle Ages, in the Danish Wohld, similar to Schwansen , large aristocratic manors with mansions and castles that were worth seeing were formed. These manors exercised jurisdiction until the end of the 19th century. Many of the farms, whose rural surroundings are characterized by Low German , are still owned by the old families.

Administrative affiliation

Administratively, the Danish Wohld , which is characterized by large estates, formed its own property district within the Duchy of Schleswig , which in turn constituted a Danish fiefdom. At the time of the division of land between royal and Gottorfian parts, the Danish Wohld belonged to the jointly ruled parts together with other estate districts. After 1853, the Danish Wohld came to the newly created Eckernförder Harde . After the German-Danish War and the transition of the duchies to Prussia , the Danish Wohld came to the newly created Eckernförde district in 1867, which merged with the Rendsburg district to form the Rendsburg-Eckernförde district in 1970. Some communities in the south-east of the Danish Welfare were incorporated into the independent city of Kiel in 1922 and 1959.

Localities

Kiel districts:

Web links

Wikivoyage: Danish Wohld  travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The office introduces itself. Office of Danish Welfare, archived from the original on October 19, 2013 ; Retrieved July 28, 2013 .
  2. ↑ Wolfgang Laur: Historisches Ortnamelexikon von Schleswig-Holstein , 2nd edition, Neumünster 1992, p. 682
  3. ↑ Hans Wilhelm Haefs: Place names and local stories in Schleswig-Holstein , 2004.
  4. ↑ Hans Wilhelm Haefs: Place names and local stories in Schleswig-Holstein , 2004.