Dmitri Pavlovich Tatishchev

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Dmitri Pavlovich Tatishchev ( Domenico Bossi , 1826)

Dmitri Pavlovich Tatishchev ( Russian Дмитрий Павлович Татищев ; * 1767 ; † September 16, 1845 in Vienna ) was a Russian diplomat and art collector .

Life

Tatishchev came from an old Rurikid family . His father Pawel Sergejewitsch Tatishchev was Kapitan- Porutschik (8th class ) in the Preobrazhensk body guard regiment and later a councilor (7th class). His mother Marija Jakowlewna née Arschenewska was the daughter of the Nizhny Novgorod governor Jakow Stepanowitsch Arschenewski . His great uncles were the St. Petersburg administrative director Alexei Danilowitsch Tatishchev and the state chancellor Michael Larionowitsch Vorontsov . The man of letters Pavel Petrovich Bakunin was his cousin.

Tatishchev received home education and training. His aunt Princess Ekaterina Romanovna Voronzowa-Daschkowa promoted the beginning of his professional career . In 1780 he became a cornet in the bodyguard regiment on horseback . During the Russo-Austrian Turkish War (1787–1792) he was a volunteer in Prince Potjomkin's army in 1791 and was then sent to Constantinople as an authorized representative . He took part in the suppression of the Polish Kościuszko uprising and the Battle of Praga (1794) , for which he received the Russian Order of St. George IV Class.

Under Paul I , the Rittmeister (VII. Rank class) Tatishchev rose quickly. In 1796 he became a real chamberlain (VI. Rank) and in 1799 a member of the College for Foreign Affairs with the rank of a privy councilor (III. Rank).

Julija Alexandrovna Tatishcheva ( François Gérard , 1814)

Under Alexander I , Tatishchev was ambassador to Naples (1802 and 1805-1808). In 1810 he became a senator. In 1812 he married the Polish noblewoman Julija Alexandrowna Konopka from Slonim , sister of the French general Jan Konopka , whose beauty was praised by the poet P. A. Vyazemsky . The marriage remained childless. However, Tatishchev had two sons, Pavel and Vladimir, from the premarital relationship with Natalja Alexejewna Koltowska, the eldest daughter of the oligarch Alexei Fyodorowitsch Turchaninow . After Natalja Koltowska's close association with Paul I became known, Paul I was suspected to be Pawel Koltowski's father, especially since a similarity was seen. Since illegitimate children were not allowed to bear the family name of their father at that time, the two brothers were given the name Solomirski after the presumed Polish princely ancestors of the Tatishchev family.

In 1812 Tatishchev became special envoy and plenipotentiary minister in Madrid , where he did not go until 1814. He became a friend of King Ferdinand VII and endeavored to strengthen Russian relations with Spain and America , to improve trade and weaken the influence of the United Kingdom in accordance with the plan of Ioannis Kapodistrias . Thanks to Tatishchev's influence, there was a partial amnesty for the liberals in Spain and economic reforms began. When Alexander I left Spain to the influence of the United Kingdom at the Aachen Congress in 1818 and thus undermined Kopodistria's plans, Tatishchev saw no more sense in his work in Spain and asked for his recall in 1819.

Tatishchev's Diptych by Jan van Eyck
Tatishchev's diptych wing by Robert Campin (assigned to Jan van Eyck)

In Madrid, Tatishchev began collecting paintings like many other Russian ambassadors before him, such as Semyon Romanovich Voronzow in London and Dmitri Michailowitsch Golitsyn in Vienna . As a result of the Napoleonic Wars on the Iberian Peninsula , many nobles had to sell their property so that paintings were available at low prices. Tatishchev's collection included works by Jan van Eyck , Raffael and Leonardo da Vinci .

Kuznetsky Most with Tatishchev's house on the right (August Cadol, 1834)

In 1819 Tatishchev was appointed Real Privy Councilor (second rank). 1821-1823 he built a magnificent house on Kuznetsky Most in Moscow , which he held until his death had (in 1862 it became part of the Solodownikow - Passage preserved and remained until 1941). In 1822 Tatishchev became ambassador to The Hague , but he did not go there. In 1822 he was plenipotentiary at the Verona Congress and then ambassador in Vienna. In 1838 he became a member of the State Council , where he had actually expected the chairmanship and chancellorship. As a result of his blindness, he resigned from the diplomatic service in 1841. As a wealthy Russian baron, he lived in Vienna's Palais Liechtenstein regardless of his wealth, and his salon was a meeting place for the local aristocracy .

Tatishchev lived in debt all his life. He often had his nephew Pavel Alexandrowitsch Urussow pledge his diamonds and medals in St. Petersburg. When he died, his debt amounted to 30,000 rubles . He had thought of building a magnificent house in St. Petersburg for his painting collection. Tatishchev was buried in the village of Tatishchev Pogost near Rostov . There was no tombstone. In accordance with his will, his collection of paintings came to the St. Petersburg Hermitage .

Honors

Web links

Commons : Dmitri Pavlovich Tatishchev  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Биография.ру: Татищев Дмитрий Павлович (accessed October 10, 2017).
  2. ↑ Internet Archive: Татищев Дмитрий Павлович (accessed October 10, 2017).
  3. ↑ Д. П. Татищев: взлет и "падение" необыкновенного дипломата (accessed October 10, 2017).
  4. ↑ Дмитрий Алексеевич Редин: Историческая наука на рубеже веков: статьи и материалы научной конференции, посвященной 60 летию Исторического факультета Уральского государственного университета им. А.М. Горького . Волот, 2000, p. 359 .
  5. ↑ Ирина Мудрова: Русские предприниматели. Двигатели прогресса . Litres, 2017, ISBN 978-5-457-87595-1 .
  6. ↑ Веселовский С. Б .: Исследования по истории класса служилых землевладельцев . Moscow 1969, p. 361 .
  7. ^ Charles Alan Fyffe: History of Modern Europe 1792–1878 . 1895 ( archive.org [TXT; accessed October 10, 2017]).
  8. ↑ Суслова Н. А .: Испания и Европа в 1814-1820 годах (политика и дипломатия) . Дисс. к.и.н., St. Petersburg 2006.
  9. ↑ Олег Неверов: Коллекция Д.П.Татищева (accessed October 10, 2017).
  10. ↑ Записки барона М. А. Корфа . Захаров, Moscow 2003.
  11. ↑ Греч Н. : Путевые письма из Англии, Германии и Франции. Ч. III . St. Petersburg 1839, p. 163 .
personal data
SURNAME Tatishchev, Dmitri Pavlovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Татищев, Дмитрий Павлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian diplomat and art collector
DATE OF BIRTH 1767
DATE OF DEATH September 16, 1845
Place of death Vienna