Dolní Žukov

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Dolní Žukov
Dolní Žukov does not have a coat of arms
Dolní Žukov (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Moravskoslezský kraj
District : Karviná
Municipality : Český Těšín
Geographic location : 49 ° 43 '  N , 18 ° 35'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 43 '13 "  N , 18 ° 35' 28"  E
Residents : 1,269 (2015)
Postal code : 735 01
Street in the center

Dolní Žukov ( German Niederzukau , Niederzukau in Polish Żuków Dolny ) is a district of the city of Český Těšín in the Okres Karviná in the Czech Republic .

geography

Dolní Žukov is located about four kilometers southwest of the city center. The place has an area of ​​5.34 km².

history

Žukov was one of the oldest villages in the Olsa region (also Cieszyn Silesia , in Polish Śląsk Cieszyński ). The place was on May 26, 1229 in the papal bull of Gregory IX. Mentioned for the first time as Suckowo for the Tyniec Abbey near Kraków . The name, originally Žukovo / Żukowo, is derived from the first owner's first name Žuk / Żuk . The change from Żukowo ( Szucowo , 1268) to Żuków ( z Zukowa , 1442, 1461) took place around the 14th / 15th centuries . Century. The distinction between Dolní / Dolny / Nieder and Horní / Górny / Ober first appeared in the 16th century ( Zukuow Dolnÿ Wrchny ).

Politically, the village originally belonged to the Duchy of Opole-Ratibor (Teschener Kastellanei ) during the period of Polish particularism . The duchy was divided in 1281 after the death of Wladislaus I von Opole . From 1290 the village belonged to the Duchy of Teschen . Since 1327 consisted fiefdom of the Kingdom of Bohemia and since 1526 it belonged with this for the Habsburg monarchy .

In 1268, the Benedictine monastery in Orlová (Orlau, Polish Orłowa) was founded by Wladislaus I , who was able to collect the tithe in Żuków. In 1281 the local priest Gerard was mentioned.

A document from 1626 mentions two villages of Zukuow Dolnÿ Wrchny , but confirms the existence of both as early as 1523. The part separated from the ducal Żuków (Dolny) became the village of Horní Žukov . Both belonged to the Teschen Chamber .

1783-1850 it belonged to the Teschner Kreis . After the abolition of patrimonial it formed a municipality in Austrian Silesia , Teschen district and judicial district Teschen from 1850 .

The ethnographic group of the Teschen Wallachians (sub-group of the Silesians , also water polakians), also living in Dolní Žukov, traditionally speaking Teschen dialects , took on a clear shape.

From 1907 the municipality belonged to the constituency of Silesia 13 . In the first general, equal, secret and direct Reichsrat election in 1907 , Jan Michejda (main candidate of the Polish Lutherans) won in the first ballot , then the doctor Ryszard Kunicki (from the Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia ) won in the second ballot . In the Reichsrat election in 1911 Jan Michejda won there again.

After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of 1918, the area of ​​Teschen was controversial. On November 5, 1918, the Polish National Council for the Cieszyn Region (Rada Narodowa Kięstwa Cieszyńskiego, RNKC) and the Czech Territory Committee (Zemský národní výbor, ZNV) agreed that Żuków Dolny should fall to Poland. However, the Czechoslovak government did not recognize this. After the Polish-Czechoslovak border war , a referendum that was not carried out and the decision of the Council of Ambassadors of the victorious powers on July 28, 1920, the place became part of Czechoslovakia and the Český Těšín district. In 1938 Dolní Žukov was annexed by Poland and joined the German Reich the following year after the invasion of Poland . Until 1945 it belonged to the district of Teschen and came back to Czechoslovakia after the end of the war.

Dolní Žukov was incorporated into the district of Český Těšíns in 1960. Because of the discrimination by the communist authorities, a few dozen Pentecostal families (the parish included more villages in the area) settled in the Polish Low Beskids . The idea was born in 1961 or 1962. The resettlement began in 1966. With the help of the Pentecostals from the Polish part of Cieszyn Silesia, three abandoned Lemk villages - Wola Piotrowa , Puławy and Wisłoczek - were repopulated by them after 3 years .

Population development

year 1869 1880 1890 1900 1910 1921 1930 1950 1961 1970 1980 1991 2001
Residents 640 692 832 938 1165 1156 1294 1055 1101 1060 1032 994 1166
  1. ↑ Including: 672 (98.6%) Polish speakers, 9 (1.3%) German speakers, 1 (0.1%) Czech speakers;
  2. ↑ Including: 798 (96.8%) Polish speakers, 26 (3.2%) German speakers;
  3. ↑ Including: 925 (99.5%) Polish-speaking, 5 (0.5%) German-speaking;
  4. ↑ Including: 1135 (98%) Polish speakers, 14 (1.2%) German speakers, 9 (0.8%) Czech speakers; 336 (28.8%) Roman Catholic, 824 (70.7%) Protestant, 5 (0.4%) Israelite;

Web links

Commons : Dolní Žukov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Robert Mrózek: Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego . Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach , 1984, ISSN  0208-6336 , p. 199 (Polish).
  2. ^ Idzi Panic: Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) . Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2010, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 286, 294 (Polish).
  3. ↑ Kodeks dyplomatyczny klasztoru tynieckiego . In: (Ed.) Wojciech Kętrzyński, Stanisław Smolka . Lwów 1875, XIa, XIb ( online ).
  4. ↑ The document is sometimes considered to be forged, see I. Panic, 2010, p. 430.
  5. ↑ A possibly inauthentic mention, see: I. Panic, 2010, p. 311.
  6. ^ I. Panic, 2010, p. 307.
  7. ↑ Wyniki wyborów Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Gwiazdka Cieszyńska . No. 39, 1907, pp. 196-197. Retrieved February 5, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sbc.org.pl
  8. ↑ Wyniki wyborów Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Gwiazdka Cieszyńska . No. 42, 1907, p. 210. Retrieved February 5, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sbc.org.pl
  9. ^ Wyniki wyborów . In: Ślązak . No. 25 (113), 1911, p. 205. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869-2015. Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on February 5, 2016 (Czech).
  11. ↑ a b c d Kazimierz Piątkowski: Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem . Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Cieszyn 1918, p. 265, 283 (Polish, opole.pl ).
  12. ↑ Ludwig Patryn (ed.): The results of the census of December 31, 1910 in Silesia. Troppau 1912.