Edmund cracks

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Edmund Risse (born August 24, 1835 in Duisburg ; † March 9, 1891 ) was a German photographer, lithographer , entrepreneur and court photographer of the Crown Prince and the Crown Princess of the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia , and later of Kaiser Wilhelm II and his wife Auguste Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Wera von Württemberg , Grand Duchess of Russia . Edmund Risse is considered to be the first and therefore one of the most important photographers on the North Sea island of Norderney .

Life

Edmund Risse was born as the fourth child of the lithographer Peter Risse and his wife Adolphine , née Reutzenberger, into a middle-class family. After working as a lithographer in his native Duisburg, he traveled to Paris as a teenager in the 1840s , where he worked on photography, which had just been invented. Two of his siblings later also became photographers.

After his marriage and the birth of two children, Risse went through a craft training as a photographer in Amsterdam . When from 1860 the photo-technical "transition from the unique Daguerres process to a meanwhile already [... almost] mature negative / positive process with glass negatives and coated carbon papers was largely completed" Risse also had a studio in Norderney from 1860 , albeit in a later advertisement the local founding date 1857 was given.

In Hanover , Edmund Risse invested all of his capital in the Küster & Risse studio , but then lost all of his money through fraudulent manipulation by his partner. Risse then terminated the partnership with Küster. In the north (Ostfriesland) cracks was referring then a studio at the address Neuer Weg 121 , initially lack capital allegedly still alone.

However, after Edmund Risse had already worked for personalities of the court in Hanover, he had neglected to obtain a moral certificate from the Hanoverian authorities before the necessary concession of his intended commercial activities in East Frisia . With reference to the requests for photos from East Frisian dignitaries and apparently also high-ranking people from Hanover, who allegedly wanted to be photographed by Risse during the summer vacation season on Norderney, Risse confidently and despite the lack of documents, allowed the Landdrostei Aurich "[...] to possible acceleration ”of his license application.

Risse's first advertisement for Aurich in the official gazette for the province of East Friesland on page 1000 dates from April 30, 1862 , on which he referred to a promise of his stay there before continuing to Norderney and as “Photographer a. Hanover ”. Presumably, with reference to the Hanover headquarters of his company, he hoped to tap into a well- heeled clientele , the affluent “better society”.

After Risse was a partner in the Risse & Blind company in Gladbeck by 1863 at the latest , he was entered on Norderney's list of foreigners in the same year, coming from there .

From 1864 to 1866 Risse worked again in Amsterdam, this time as a photographer for the Tresling & Co. studio located there. During this time, on March 13, 1865, he received permission from the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam to photograph paintings from the museum's collection. After the family's employment opportunities in the Netherlands proved to be limited, Risse moved to Frankfurt am Main to set up a business at the time of the flourishing industrialization .

From around 1867 Risse created a second mainstay and had apparently recovered economically by 1868 at the latest, so that he announced in an advertisement in the Ostfriesischer Courier on November 26th that a lithographic institute would be attached to his studio in Norden. He hired the lithographer Carl as head of the print shop . F. Rojewski entered, in the following year 1869 even with the intention of setting up a factory for photographic paper together with the pharmacist Anton Sander , who worked in the north, at the address Große Hinterlohne . Also in 1869 Risse moved his studio from the north to Hamm , and then announced that he would only be staying in the north for days in the daily newspaper.

Meanwhile Risse, who also offered reproductions of singular daguerreotypes on paper as well as stereotypes , documented his range of services from 1868 in the Norderney bathing newspaper in large-format advertisements, recalling the reputation he had acquired “with the high and highest rulers”. And in fact, the Norder Stadtblatt number 67 of August 21, 1869 announced that Risses was honored and awarded a title on Norderney: Hardly two years before the German Empire was proclaimed , Edmund Risse was from the Prussian Crown Prince and later German Emperor Friedrich III. and his wife Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland were raised to their court photographers. In the 1870s Risse also worked as an industrial photographer, including for the Bochum Association for Mining and Cast Steel Production.

Another involvement of crack in the city north is unexplained; on Norderney, however, from 1875 onwards he presented the landscape photographer S. Urbanyi from Vienna , who , according to the bathing newspaper, twice a week during the season on the North Sea island "[...] in good weather in the afternoons during the concert in front of the Great Logirhaus [had] to include, copies of which are recommended for approval. "

The Emden Town Hall , ibid ;
Photo by Risse around 1880, private property

Also from 1875 Risse offered photographs on Alba plates as the latest specialty , from 1876 also the recently patented Chromotypien and Lambertypien as well as photographs "on canvas, silk, leather, [in] mother-of-pearl shells, [on] wood, ivory [and] milk glass" as well Porcelain. In the same year he opened another studio in Bad Ems in the Villa Vichy near the train station.

Students in front of their school in Berlin ;
Carte de Visite (CDV), circa 1880 to 1883, Risses studio address: Unter den Linden 15
Revers of the Berlin CDV;
with addresses from Norderney : Strandstrasse 2 ; Bad Ems : Villa Vichy ; Bochum : Friedrichstrasse 35 , Essen : Limbecker Platz 8

In the early years of the founding period , Risse had already received a number of awards and medals when he opened another studio in Berlin in 1879 , where he moved his main residence in the same year: the self-confident photographer found himself in the house at Unter den Linden 11 Close to the Berlin City Palace , and according to the address book of the imperial capital, at the same time in direct competition with eight competitors in the street, five of whom were also court photographers. A photo in cabinet format from a private collection shows the apparently uninvolved couple Risse in the background of the studio room, as usual “filled with all sorts of set pieces of bourgeois living culture”, with furniture and carpets even on the walls and all sorts of decorations. Only the large-format portrait of Kaiser Wilhelm II placed in the center of the scenery suggests pride in a title of court photographer acquired through skill, perseverance and diligence, to which Edmund Risse drew attention in all advertisements since 1869.

According to the Ostfriesischer Courier of May 27, 1882, the Grand Duchess of Oldenburg "[...] had him presented with a handkerchief with her initial in diamonds for the successful reception of Duchess Sophie Charlotte ".

Risse received his title for his portraits , but also worked as a landscape and architecture photographer : in 1884 and a decade later, two series of his photos of Norderney were published. The Dietrich Soltau bookstore sold Norderney's album with twelve photolithographs based on original photos by court photographer E. Risse from Berlin from 1884 .

Ultimately, Risse had become so wealthy that in 1888 he was able to build a new, own hotel on site in Norderney, where he had his studio at Strandstrasse 1 " across from the Post Office and Schuchardt's Hotel", where he started out also lived and which was initially run by Bruno Risse . Edmund Risse later moved out of the hotel and expanded his Norderneyer activities to now include two studio branches; one on the market , the other in Logirhaus Germania at Kaiserstraße 1 , which was run by his wife Dorothea .

Edmund Risse died of a heart attack in 1891 at the young age of 55, presumably from his restless life as an entrepreneur photographer. He left a substantial fortune to his family. It is unclear whether the 1894 with “[…] 16 snapshots by court photographer Ed. Risse ”, Norderney's second photo album was either made by himself or by order of the widow, who continued the company under the same name until 1902.

It was probably Dorothea Risse who posthumously placed a not entirely correct advertisement for her husband in the Norderneyer tourist list no. 5 of July 13, 1893, stating “First and oldest business in the square. Founded in 1857. “The emphasis on a decades-long tradition of the company probably intended to differentiate it from local competitors at the time, the Barges Brothers , Fritz Gärtner , Gottfried Sasse and Hermann Week . Among the numerous photographers who operated branch chains in East Friesland in the 19th century, besides Risse, were entrepreneurs Jean Baptiste Feilner and Fritz Gärtner, who also worked as court photographers .

Even though Edmund Risse is considered one of the most important photographers of the North Sea resort of Norderney, it was Gottfried Sasse who, in an advertisement in the tourist list of June 28, 1890, referred to his own company, which he constantly and not only during the (summer) Season on the island. So eventually became Sasse is the most important portraitist of living on the island and working Norderneyer citizens .

Further branch locations

Risse also operated branches at locations such as

  • Bochum : Friedrichstrasse 35

Well-known works (selection)

  • 1884 and 1894: ... album by Norderney ... ;
  • Several of Risse's photographs can be found in the collection of the Leiden University Library ;
  • as archive material in the photo collection of the Ostfriesisches Landesmuseum in Emden
  • as well as in the Norderney city archive ;
  • privately owned:
    • "Edmund Risse's studio in Berlin, Unter den Linden 11";
    • Half-length portrait of "Edmund Risse with the badge of honor given to him by the Grand Duke of Oldenburg" on the tie;
    • Edmund cracks on the death bed

Archival material

Archives by and about Edmund Risse and those of his family can be found, for example

  • in the Aurich State Archives :
    • a file from or before 1862, signature Rep 15 5763 ;
    • Rep 15 5350 ;
    • Dep 60 255 1889 , "Acta concerning the establishment of a photographic paper factory"

See also

literature

  • Ellen Maas: Photographic studios 1860–1910 and their owners. Basics for a general system for organizing photographs from family albums. In: Anzeiger des Germanisches Nationalmuseum. 1977, pp. 113-136.
  • Cracks, Edmund. In: Steven Wachlin, Dimphéna Groffen (Ed.): Photographers in the Netherlands. A survey of commercial photographers born before 1900 based on data from the Dutch population administration, city directories and newspapers. vol. 2, Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie et al., Den Haag et al. 2011, ISBN 978-90-5802-079-6 , p. 489. (English)

Web links

Commons : Edmund Risse  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c N.N .: Edmund Risse / man / Duits / fotograaf on the website of the Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie (RKD), last accessed on August 18, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Christian Timm: "... which can be compared with the best services of the most renowned studios in larger cities ..." Atelier chains and their branches in East Friesland . In: Detlef Hoffmann , Jens Thiele (eds.): Lichtbilder, Lichtspiele: Beginnings of Photography and Cinema in East Friesland , accompanying document to the traveling exhibition in the East Frisian State Museum (town hall festival hall) in Emden from May 2 to 23, 1989 and in Nienburg in the Museum Nienburg from October 15 to November 12, 1989. Jonas-Verlag für Kunst und Literatur, Marburg 1989, ISBN 3-922561-84-5 , pp. 231–241. ( Preview via google books ); but also passim in the book
  3. ↑ a b c d Danuta Thiel-Melerski: Signature: 0972 / Photographer: Edmund Risse in their online encyclopedia of photographers on the fotorevers.eu page , last accessed on August 18, 2016.
  4. ↑ Klaus Oberländer: Photographen Edmund Risse, Berlin, Unter den Linden 11, court photographer on the photospuren.de website , last accessed on August 18, 2016.
  5. ^ Ludwig Hoerner : Reproduction photography as a business basis (1860-1914) , in ders .: The photographic industry in Germany 1839-1914 . GFW-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1989, ISBN 3-87258-000-0 , p. 32.
  6. ^ Stremmel, Ralf .: Industry and photography: the "Bochum Association for Mining and Cast Steel Production", 1854-1926 . Aschendorff Verlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3-402-13213-5 .
  7. ↑ a b Jost Galle: “Most beautiful memory of Norderney.” Early photographs from Germany's oldest North Sea resort. In: Detlef Hoffmann, Jens Thiele (eds.): Lichtbilder, Lichtspiele .... pp. 131, 151, 155.
  8. ^ A b Stefan Rohde-Enslin: Catalog: Photographers / 2 holdings for the keyword "Risse, Edmund" listed. last accessed on August 18, 2016.
  9. ↑ Presumably owned by the Müller-Risse family , who lived in Flörsheim am Main around 1989
personal data
SURNAME Cracks, Edmund
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Risse, Ed .; Risse, E.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lithographer, entrepreneur and court photographer
DATE OF BIRTH August 24, 1835
PLACE OF BIRTH Duisburg
DATE OF DEATH March 9, 1891