Eschersheimer Landstrasse
| Eschersheimer Ldstr. | |
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| Beginning at the "Eschenheimer Tor" | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Frankfurt am Main |
| District | Westend , Nordend , Dornbusch , Eschersheim |
| Created | middle Ages |
| Connecting roads | Große Eschenheimer Strasse (south) |
| Cross streets | Eschenheimer Tor , Grüneburgweg , Miquel- / Adickesallee , Marbachweg , Hügelstraße , Am Weißen Stein / Maybachbrücke |
| Buildings | Musikhochschule , Fürstenbergerschule, Elisabethenschule , Holzhausenschule, Frankfurt am Main police headquarters |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 5.1 km |
The Escher Landstrasse in Frankfurt am Main is one of the main entry and exit roads of the city. It runs for around six kilometers from Eschenheimer Tor in a northerly direction through the districts of Westend , Nordend and Dornbusch to Eschersheim . The road is not only important for traffic to and from the north, it was also important for urban development: Frankfurt grew northwards along Eschersheimer Landstrasse. The Escher Landstrasse is almost the whole length of the subway - U1 to U3 and U8 traveled, nine stations are in their course.
history
The Eschersheimer Landstrasse runs partly on the old Roman road to Nida . Like almost all Frankfurt country roads, the Eschersheimer is also part of a medieval connecting route. It led from Eschenheimer Tor, the most representative city gate of the Free Imperial City , over the Eiserner Schlag at the Grünhof of the Frankfurter Landwehr, first to the village of Eschersheim, there crossed the Nidda to Heddernheim and followed the Urselbach valley via the Frankfurt village of Niederursel and Weißkirchen into the City of Oberursel . The road continued along the brook to the Hohemark , a piece of forest belonging to Frankfurt in the Taunus, and to the Taunus crossing at Sandplacken .
course
Eschenheimer Tor
The Eschersheimer Landstrasse begins in the center of the city, at the Eschenheimer Tor in the ramparts . The Eschenheimer Tower there (1400–28) is one of the most famous Gothic buildings in the city. There are other striking buildings on this square, including the Volksbildungsheim , now a large cinema, or the Bayer House with its overhanging flat roof. The Rundschau House , which was demolished in 2006, was one of the most valuable architectural testimonies of the 1950s in Frankfurt. The Theater am Turm (TAT) was located in the adult education center and the adjoining extension building from 1963 to 1995 . The TAT café, which was part of the theater, was an institution in Frankfurt's nightlife. At Eschenheimer Tor, the Bockenheimer installation branches off to the west and the Eschenheimer installation to the east, both of which are part of the installation ring . The Oeder Weg , one of the main streets of the western Nordend with many shops and cafes , leads to the northeast .
Westend and Northrend
The southern Eschersheimer Landstrasse forms the border between the inner city districts of Westend and Nordend. The road here follows a Roman road to Heddernheim , from which the Eschersheimer Landstrasse branches off at the level of Grüneburgweg . Numerous traditional Frankfurt Wilhelminian style houses have been preserved here, interspersed with office buildings from the 1960s to 1990s. The University of Music and Performing Arts is on the western side of the street, and Querstraße and Finkenhofstraße branch off to the east . Shortly afterwards, at a curve, Grüneburgweg turns westwards, the main shopping street in the north of Westend. The confluence with Fichardstrasse is on the eastern side . Shortly afterwards, the road branches off to the east.
At the intersection with Fürstenbergerstraße , about 200 meters east of the Holzhausenpark, with the preserved water castle of the old Frankfurt patrician family . The Hamma road and Justinianstraße remind them of their best-known representatives, Hamman von Holzhausen and Justinian von Holzhausen .
If you follow Fürstenbergerstraße to the west instead, after 500 meters you will come to the IG-Farben-Haus , the seat of the Goethe University , and a little later to Grüneburgpark .
In this area of the Eschersheimer Landstrasse there are several large schools, the Fürstenberg School and the Elisabeth School on the eastern side and the Lessing High School , the Engelbert-Humperdinck School and the Holzhausenschule on the western side.
The avenue ring forms the northern boundary of the inner city . At a generously developed intersection, Miquelallee joins Eschersheimer Landstrasse from the west and Adickesallee from the east . The Frankfurt Police Headquarters has been located on the corner of Adickesallee since 2002 . Until 1995, this site was home to the PX Store , a US Armed Forces shopping mall , and the Toppers Club of the American Officer Corps. The Carl-von-Weinberg-Siedlung is located on the corner of Miquelallee .
Thorn bush
Beyond the alley ring, the street widens. At the intersection with Humserstraße , the subway is brought to the surface via a ramp and from then on runs at ground level in the middle of the street, separated from the lanes by metal fences. Crossing possibilities for pedestrians mostly only exist at the stations. Until the 1990s, the subway stations could only be reached through underground passages, and since then there have also been above-ground access. The districts of Dornbusch and Eschersheim are separated into two parts by the underground line and the car lanes. According to the original plan, this “provisional” route should have long since been replaced by an underground one, but this has not yet happened for cost reasons.
West of Eschersheimer Landstrasse on the historic Grünhof site is the former Henry and Emma Budge home . The two-storey building in the Bauhaus style was built between 1928 and 1930 by the architects Mart Stam , Ferdinand Kramer , Werner Max Moser and Erika Habermann . After the war, the home was on a site used by the American military until 1995. A dental clinic was housed in its rooms . Since 2001 there has been a nursing home again ("Grünhof im Park").
For a long time the Eschersheimer Landstrasse represented the border between the districts of Eckenheim (east) and Ginnheim (west). It was not until 1946 that the densely built-up area along the road officially became the district of Dornbusch, which took its name from an old field name ("Am Dornbusch") Has. It is reminiscent of the Frankfurter Landwehr , a fortification built in the Middle Ages to protect the Frankfurt district from raids. The Landwehr here consisted of a system of impenetrable bushes (" Gebück ") in connection with a 6 meter deep ditch. The control room in Kühhornshof or Bertramshof monitored this area. An iron barrier was then installed at the Grünhof , where the Eschersheimer Landstrasse crossed the Landwehr . The key to this Eyserne Schlag was kept safe by the Frankfurt Council and only issued in rare cases, since the traffic was to be concentrated on as few passages as possible. However, a planned control room in the Grünhof was no longer carried out by the city council. Remnants of the Landwehr on Dornbusch existed until after 1900, when the area was built on.
The center of the Dornbusch district is at the intersection with Diebsgrundweg , the ancient Via Regia , today's Marbachweg . Not far away are the Hessischer Rundfunk , the Dornbusch Church , built in 1962, and the Wöhlerschule . The house at Marbachweg 307 is the house where Anne Frank was born , who, however, moved to nearby Ganghoferstraße 24 at the age of two, a small cross street off Eschersheimer Landstraße in the Dichterviertel , built in the early 20th century , one of Frankfurt's preferred residential areas.
In the Dornbuschsiedlung , the Wilhelminian-style development is being replaced by row buildings from the 1950s, with the gable side facing the street. Between them are single-storey pavilions with shops. Between the Dornbusch and Heinrich von Stephan settlements on the eastern side of the road is the 4.6 hectare Sinai Park, which was laid out on a former gardening site in 1983-86, followed by the natural Sinai wilderness. On the western side is the community center of the Protestant French Reformed community , built in 1951 . The community, founded by Huguenots , had given up its classicist French Reformed church on Goetheplatz , which had been destroyed in 1944 , after the Second World War , and settled in the new building area along Eschersheimer Landstrasse.
From Hügelstraße there are again Wilhelminian style blocks, mostly two-story buildings with large dwelling houses .
Eschersheim
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On the other side of Hügelstrasse , Eschersheimer Landstrasse reaches the eponymous district. The landmark of Eschersheim, not an ash tree , but the centuries-old linden tree follows a short time on the eastern side of the road. The recessed building of the Ludwig Richter School forms a small square, and the linden tree even has its own underground station here.
The district center is located at the next station “Weißer Stein”. The development here is again quite urban. The neo-Romanesque Josefskirche and the Ziehenschule , one of the most famous grammar schools in Frankfurt, are located in a side street .
From here, road traffic and the subway follow the street Am Weißen Stein to the Maybachbrücke over the Main-Weser-Bahn and the Nidda , while the now much narrower Eschersheimer Landstraße leads down to the center of Eschersheim. The road ends today at the tracks of the Main-Weser Railway. Until the sixties the Eschersheimer Landstraße crossed the railway and ended at the confluence of the Alt-Eschersheim street . All road traffic in the direction of Frankfurt-Heddernheim and Frankfurt-Niederursel ran through this narrow lane in the center of town until 1966 . The Heddernheimer Landstrasse began about 200 meters west of the old Niddabrücke . The baroque Emmaus Church , the oldest building in Eschersheim, is located on a small hill above the street .
traffic
The Eschersheimer Landstrasse has been an important regional traffic axis since its creation. Of the inward and outward roads leading to the north, only Friedberger Landstrasse was and still is of greater importance because of its supraregional traffic. The Taunus crossing below the Großer Feldberg , which can be reached via the Eschersheimer Landstrasse, was an important, if not the most important, pass over the Frankfurter Hausgebirge. The Feldberg can already be seen clearly from the northern end of the Eschersheimer Landstrasse.
Today's road traffic is led from Eschersheimer Landstrasse over the Maybachbrücke to Heddernheim, where it meets Rosa-Luxemburg-Strasse . As in earlier times, the route mainly serves as a connection to Oberursel and the Hochtaunus.
The Eschersheimer Landstrasse has always been of great importance for urban rail traffic. Trains have been on the road for over 120 years. On April 5, 1888, the Frankfurter Lokalbahn opened a horse-drawn railway line from Eschenheimer Tor to the Main-Weser Railway station in Eschersheim. The line was switched to steam operation in September of the same year . Since November 2, 1891 there was a connection to the city tram at Eschenheimer Tor , which from January 21, 1901 shared the section (electrified for this purpose) up to Holzhausenstrasse . On August 7, 1907, line 23 of the municipal tram took over the entire route to Eschersheim, which was extended to Heddernheim in 1909.
In May 1910, the local railway returned to Eschersheimer Landstrasse, and lines 24 to Oberursel and 25 to Bad Homburg vor der Höhe , operated jointly with the municipal tram, ran through the street. The Frankfurter Lokalbahn was taken over by the municipal tram on January 1, 1955.
From June 28, 1963, Eschersheimer Landstrasse became a major construction site: Frankfurt's first underground line was built. In contrast to what is customary today, underground tunnels were built in an open excavation pit, road traffic and tram lines had to be diverted for several years through parallel streets - the tram over the street Am Dornbusch to Hansaallee. The line was opened on October 4, 1968, the A1 line drove with underground railcars from the Hauptwache through Eschersheimer Landstrasse to Heddernheim and on to the north-west of the city . At the same time, lines 25 to Bad Homburg and 24 to Oberursel were renamed A2 and A3, but only switched to underground railcars in 1972 and 1978 and renamed to U1 to U3 with the timetable change on May 27, 1978.
In 2017/18, in the section between Hügelstrasse and Am Weißen Stein, one of the two vehicle lanes was canceled on both sides, the footpaths were widened and a previously missing cycle path protection strip was marked on both sides .
Web links
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- ↑ Stadtvermessungsamt Frankfurt am Main (ed.): Portal GeoInfo Frankfurt , city map