Burgaltendorf

Burgaltendorf district of Essen
Basic data
surface	6.3  km²
Residents	9451 (March 31, 2020)
Coordinates	51 ° 25 '5 "  N , 7 ° 7' 20"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 25 '5 "  N , 7 ° 7' 20"  E
height	99  m
Incorporation	Jan. 1, 1970
Spatial assignment
Post Code	45289
District number	48
district	District VIII Essen-Ruhr Peninsula
image
Altendorf Castle ruins
Source: City of Essen statistics

Burgaltendorf is a district located on the Ruhr peninsula in the southeast of the city of Essen . It is characterized by the ruins of Altendorf Castle , built around 1180 , large residential areas and some agriculture. On January 1, 1970, the independent community Altendorf (Ruhr) was incorporated into the city of Essen as the 48th district and renamed Burgaltendorf ; because there was already a district of Altendorf .

location

The former peasantry Altendorf lies in the former border area between the county of Mark , the monastery of Werden and the monastery of Essen . In the middle was the Altendorf house, today's castle ruins. The boundaries of today's district touch Horst , separated by the Ruhr in the north, Bochum-Dahlhausen in the east, Hattingen - Niederwenigern in the southeast, Byfang in the southwest and Überruhr in the west.

history

Early history

The area of ​​today's Burgaltendorf was settled around 10,000 years ago. Archaeological finds, such as a stone ax made of amphibolite slate , prove this. Ceramic remains and post marks from houses provide information about settlements for the period from 1000 to 500 BC. About 1000 years later there was a Germanic settlement south of the Ruhr. Shortly beforehand, finds indicate that there were Romans in the area.

middle Ages

Altendorf Castle was built in the second half of the 12th century. Courtyards were built around the castle by 1180. In the bailiff's role of Count von Isenberg, three farms in Altendorf are mentioned around 1220, as well as in 1330 in the chain book liber catenatus of the Essen princess. However, one assumes further courts of possible other gentlemen. The name Altendorf was first mentioned in a document from Archbishop Rainald von Dassel of Cologne in 1166 as villa aldendorpe . In it he put the dispute of several surrounding villages about the tithe to be paid to the pen, in which he redefined this. In 1486, 14 farms were counted in the treasury of the county of Mark, but those that were not subject to tax for the Lords of Mark are missing.

The original name Altendorf comes from the Lords of Altendorf . You were from the lower nobility and, as droste, were responsible for the kitchen of the Essen princess and the Essen market. The princess gave the Lords of Altendorf a service man's coat of arms with a certain number of horse prams on a shield . These pramen were clamps made of metal with internal prongs and were clamped onto the nostrils when wild horses were caught in order to make the horses compliant. The gentlemen of Altendorf never hunted wild horses. Nevertheless, the current coat of arms of Burgaltendorf also has three Pramen on a red shield.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Burgaltendorf

Blazon : "In silver (white) three upright black horse rams with cords in a ratio of 2: 1."

The coat of arms was designed by Kurt Schweder and never had an official character. At the end of the 1980s, the heraldist created coats of arms for all of Essen's districts. They have meanwhile been well received by the Essen population.

The coat of arms is derived from the coat of arms of the lords of Altendorf, who, however, had three silver horse rams in a red shield; the related gentlemen von Horst carried three red prams in a silver shield. As a knight of the order in the east, a line of those von Altendorf carried exactly this coat of arms; three black prams in silver. The neighboring lords from Holtey to Burg Holtey also had three (2: 1) prams in their coat of arms, only these were red in the golden shield.

Mining

There is evidence of coal mining in the castle smithy and kitchen around 1500, but according to Joachim Huske ( Die Steinkohlenzechen im Ruhrrevier ) it is much older. With the Ruhr shipping at the end of the 18th century and the later construction of the railway, mining became more and more important, so that there were first tunnels and then underground shafts . The first jackhammer was used in mining in the Altendorf civil engineering colliery in 1867. The Theodor colliery, which was closed in Altendorf in 1968 , had the deepest shaft of all mines on the Ruhr at 1060 meters.

railroad

The Altendorf (Ruhr) station was opened about a year after the opening track for the coal traffic for passenger on 1 July 1879, closed on 31 May 1959 passenger traffic. It belonged to the Mülheim-Heißen-Altendorf (Ruhr) railway line and the Middle Ruhr Valley Railway . In 1879 the Dahlhausen railway bridge over the Ruhr to Dahlhausen went into operation. In 1945 it was blown up by the Germans and in 1951 it was reopened as a single track. It is still single-tracked today without a track.

Churches

Sacred Heart Church

The St. Mauritius Church in neighboring Niederwenigern was first mentioned around 1147 . The village of Altendorf was also part of the Niederwenigern parish . The people of Altendorf used the St. Mauritius Church until the end of the 19th century, which was built as a branch church of the own church in the Reichshof Hattingen from the 10th century, from which the Church of St. George emerged . The Catholic Herz-Jesu-Kirche was built from Ruhr sandstone with Romanesque style elements from 1898 to 1900 . With the construction of the Sacred Heart Church, Altendorf left the Niederwenigern parish.

After the number of Protestant citizens continued to increase, the construction of a Protestant church began in Altendorf in 1952, which was inaugurated on July 19, 1953. This is how the Protestant community became independent from Niederwenigern. When in 1970 Altendorf became the Essen district of Burgaltendorf, the parish , which formerly belonged to the Westphalian Church, was transferred to the Church in the Rhineland in 1971 . The construction of the church had to be abandoned due to mountain damage, so that the new Jesus-Lives-Church could be inaugurated on September 4th, 1988.

From the community to incorporation

The place Altendorf belonged from the beginning of the 13th century to the end of the empire in 1918 to the county of Mark and thus by inheritance from 1609 to the electors of Brandenburg, the later kings of Prussia. The bailiff in Blankenstein (castle) was responsible . Allocated to the Hörde district from 1753 to 1806 , the place came to the Bochum district in 1815 after the Napoleonic interlude from 1806 to 1813 . In 1885 the community was assigned to the Hattingen district. After that she belonged from 1929 to the new Ennepe-Ruhr district . The municipality of Altendorf was incorporated into Essen on January 1, 1970 and, since there was already a district Altendorf, it was renamed Burgaltendorf on March 25, 1970 .

Further key data

School lessons were first given in Altendorf in 1846, initially in the Mintrop restaurant on Schwarzensteinweg. This was the first time that the long way children had to go to school in Niederwenigern was eliminated. In 1858 the Catholic castle school was built from old castle stones on the grounds of the outer bailey. In 1876 the Buschschule opened on Schulstrasse, today's Mölleneystrasse. In 1899 a Protestant school was added on the Kohlenstrasse.

The Eggemann floating bridge and the Holtey floating bridge were built between 1898 and 1901. So Altendorf workers could also get to Horst or Dahlhausen. Since each person had to pay five pfennigs per crossing, they were popularly known as the five-pfennig bridges.

Wilhelm Mölleney received the letter of honorary citizenship of the independent community Altendorf / Ruhr on his 75th birthday. After his father took over his practice, he was a doctor at the Catholic Elisabeth Hospital in neighboring Niederwenigern, head of the medical column, member of the community council and first chairman of the church building association. On December 22, 1902 he was elected to the church council of the new Herz-Jesu-Kirche . Mölleney died on March 23, 1913, and in 1925 what was then Schulstrasse in Burgaltendorf was renamed Mölleneystrasse after him.

In the First World War 112 Altendorfer residents lost their lives. In the Second World War , more than 230 Altendorfers were killed or went missing. The big bombardments reached more the big centers of Essen and Bochum. Forced laborers were also used in Altendorf in mining and agriculture.

population

On March 31, 2020, 9,451 people lived in Burgaltendorf.

Structural data of the population in Burgaltendorf (as of March 31, 2020):

• Proportion of population under 18-year-olds: 14.5% (Essen average: 16.2%)
• Population of at least 65-year-olds: 28.2% (Essen average: 21.5%)
• Proportion of foreigners: 3.3% (Essen average: 16.9%)

Infrastructure

Burgaltendorf is mainly characterized by agriculture and loose housing developments in smaller single and multi-family houses. The skyscraper on Kohlenstrasse is an exception.

The district has an urban primary school on Alte Hauptstrasse with a branch on Holteyer Strasse, an urban special school with a focus on intellectual development (Comenius School) and an urban, a Catholic and a Protestant kindergarten (Die Kinderarche). There is also a volunteer fire brigade founded in 1894 . There is no town center , but parts of the Alte Hauptstrasse serve as a shopping street.

literature

• Cordula Brand, Detlef Hopp : A settlement from the late Roman Empire and the Merovingian period in Burgaltendorf. In: Essen contributions. Volume 112, 2000, pp. 13-29.
• Cordula Brand: The settlement site of Burgaltendorf in the light of Germanic sites in Essen. In: Detlef Hopp, Charlotte Trümpler (ed.): The early Roman Empire in the Ruhr area. Colloquium of the Ruhrland Museum and the city archeology / monument authority in cooperation with the University of Essen. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2001, ISBN 3-89861-069-1 , pp. 173-181.
• Peter Mesenburg: Burgaltendorf site. Investigations into the change of the area since 1843. In: Detlef Hopp, Charlotte Trümpler (Hrsg.): The early Roman imperial time in the Ruhr area. Colloquium of the Ruhrland Museum and the city archeology / monument authority in cooperation with the University of Essen. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2001, ISBN 3-89861-069-1 , pp. 182-190.
• Petra Meuwsen, Stefan Leenen: Altendorf Castle 1601 - Castle and property in the mirror of the will of Arnold von Vittinhoff-Schell Klartext Verlag, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-8375-1967-9
• Wikisource: The Altendorf poem from the volume of poems Was die Ruhr mir sang (1909) by Heinrich Kämpchen .

See also

• List of architectural monuments in Burgaltendorf
• List of streets in Essen-Burgaltendorf

Web links

Commons : Essen-Burgaltendorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Homeland and Castle Association Burgaltendorf eV
• Description of the district on the homepage of the city of Essen

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970.
2. ↑ See also Johann Rainer Busch: Kurt Schweders Wappen der Essener Stadtteile Essen 2009, p. 101.
3. ↑ André Joost: Operating Offices Archive Altendorf (Ruhr). In: NRWbahnarchiv. Retrieved June 22, 2017 . 
4. ↑ Homepage of the Jesus-Lives-Church, history
5. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 112 .
6. ↑ Population figures of the districts
7. ↑ Proportion of the population under 18 years of age
8. ↑ Proportion of the population aged 65 and over
9. ↑ Proportion of foreigners in the city districts
10. ^ Homepage of the Comenius School, special school of the city of Essen
11. ^ Page of the Children's Ark on the homepage of the Jesus Lebt Church ( memento of the original from August 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.