Femeiche

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The Femeiche (formerly called Rabenseiche, Ravenseiche or Erler Eiche ) in Erle in the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Borken is one of the oldest oaks in Germany with an age between 600 and 850 years . The pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ) stands near the parish church. It is documented that Vemes courts were held under the oak until the 16th century . It is considered to be the oldest and best-known court tree in Central Europe. For over 100 years, the oak, marked by lightning strikes, storms, human influences and its great age, has been registered as a natural monument. The trunk has been hollow for about 250 years and consists only of sapwood . The trunk shell, which is held together by rods, encloses a cavity with a diameter of almost three meters.

Femeiche with court table

Location

The place Erle is on the edge of the Westmünsterland , on the threshold from the Franconian Rhineland to the Saxon Hamaland , in a typical heather landscape within the Hohe Mark-Westmünsterland Nature Park , three kilometers southeast of Raesfeld on the federal road 224 . The oak stands southwest of the town center on the edge of a new building area, right next to the oldest house in Alder, the old pastorate , at about 60  m above sea ​​level .

description

Remote oak with wooden supports

The trunk of the oak is completely hollowed out and destroyed except for three trunk parts, which unite at a height of about four meters. The oak is strongly inclined to the southwest against the main wind direction. Due to the inclined growth, the sap flow paths were squeezed on the inclined side of the root neck, so that about a third of the trunk circumference died. The dead trunk parts were removed during the renovation in 1965. The trunk consists only of the outer parts of the sapwood with cambium , bast and bark , which is partly rolled inwards. The heartwood is no longer there. The earlier large branches can only be seen in rudiments. Because they had become too long and top-heavy, they broke out centuries ago in a storm and lightning strike. More branches broke off the more and more rotten trunk.

The remaining trunk forms a secondary crown, which is supported by several wooden poles, some of which rest on stone slabs, without which the tree would topple. The low-set, unilaterally protruding secondary crown consists of several branched branches. It is leafy in summer and has a rich set of flowers and fruits . In 2005 the tree was eleven meters high and had a crown diameter of eight meters.

Trunk circumference

In 1989 the circumference of the trunk, measured at a height of one meter, was twelve meters. According to the German Tree Archives , for which the trunk circumference at a height of one meter serves as the most important selection criterion, the oak with these dimensions is above the lower limit of the nationally significant trees (NBB). The trunk would have been around 14 meters in circumference. This makes it the thickest oak in Germany. Only the once strongest oak in Germany, the Dagobert oak in the Hessian Dagobertshausen, the last remains of which disappeared around 1900, had a larger circumference in 1851 at 14.86 meters at a height of one meter. The diameter of the trunk at chest height (BHD) was given in 1892 with about 4.5 and the circumference of the trunk at man height in 1902 with 12.5 meters. In 1927 it was 14 meters.

Age

Femeiche around 1900
Femeiche with sculpture of the judges' table

There are very different information about the age of the oak. Since the oldest wood from the center of the trunk is missing, neither annual ring counting nor radiocarbon dating is possible. The age of the oak can therefore only be roughly estimated on the basis of the size of the trunk and historical traditions.

According to the latest findings, the oak is probably between 600 and 850 years old. That would make it the oldest oak in Germany. The German Tree Archives estimated the age of the oak in 2008 at 600 to 850 years, with the 600 years from Bernd Ullrich and the 850 years from the German Tree Archives. This information is based on an annual increase in the circumference of old oaks of around 1.8 centimeters, which resulted from long-term studies of the circumference of the trunk and the reconstructed trunk circumference of the remote oak of 14 meters. Annual ring counts of up to 450-year-old oaks in the region showed annual increases in circumference of 1.5 to 1.7 centimeters. Based on these values, the oak would be around 800 to 900 years old.

Other ages are between 1000, 1300 and 1500 years. These estimates are largely based on historical transmission. Böckenhoff wrote in 1966: “Since free chairs were placed in excellent places and then no longer moved, the oak must have been a mighty tree when the chair was set up, probably at the time of Charlemagne. According to this, it would be around 1,500 years old today. ”One reason for the old oak tree could be that it is the first in the region to unfold its leaves. The oak moth, a leaf pest, has so far not been able to harm it, as it only develops after the other oaks have sprouted.

Natural monument

Winter view of the remote oak
Erler Femeiche natural monument

The Femeiche with the number IJ 1 has been designated as a natural monument since July 1, 1996 and, due to an ordinance of the Borken district for the protection of natural monuments, is listed by the Lower Landscape Authority (ULB), which is also responsible for maintenance. Structural structures, excavations and embankments in their vicinity are prohibited. This gives the oak the greatest possible protection. The tree came to the Borken district in 1975 as a result of the municipal reorganization . Before that he was part of the Dorsten office in the Recklinghausen district , where he was listed on the list of natural monuments since April 12, 1954. The oak was first protected around 1900.

With the Pius oak planted on June 16, 1871, another tree has been registered as a natural monument in Alder since 1996.

history

The old name Raven or Ravenseiche and the name of the area Aßenkamp indicate a connection to Germanic mythology . The raven is the symbol of the Germanic god of death and war, Odin, and the sir were a Germanic family of gods . The landscape architect Anette Lenzing has derived the assumption in her book Richtlinden und Thingstätten in Deutschland that the Femeiche may have been used as a place of justice ( Thing ) as early as Germanic times . However, it is not certain whether it was actually the current Femeiche or whether there was a previous one in the same place. According to a legend, the god Odin himself sat as a judge under the oak, his two ravens, Hugin and Munin , crouched in the branches of the tree.

Vote courts

Trunk view

The free chair, the Erler Femgericht , “den vryen Stoel tum Aßenkampe”, which exercised its greatest power at the end of the Middle Ages , met under the oak . From a free chair, a large stone slab, the free counts with six lay judges held court in accordance with the law of Emperor Charlemagne over serious crimes such as murder, robbery, arson and perjury; a guilty verdict always resulted in death by hanging. The court was subordinate to the chairman von Heiden until 1335 and was responsible for the area of ​​the parishes of Erle , Raesfeld , Alt- Schermbeck and the Dorsten districts of Rhade and Holsterhausen, north of Lippe . In 1335, the chairman pledged his free county to the Count of Cleve. In 1375 the lord of the castle Raesfeld was the owner of the free county.

The Erler Oak in 1892

Is Reported that in 1441 the Freigraf Bernt ostracized de Duiker under the oak Gert von Diepenbrock and two of his servants because aldermen murder and in the absence of an outlaw explained. The court hearing report is the oldest written evidence of the oak. In a letter in the city ​​archives of Bocholt from the year 1441, it says: “Bernd die Ducker, Freiraf zu Heiden appeals to Gerd Deipenbroik and his servants, and calls on all free creatures of the HR Reich to hang them up on the first tree because they are two free creatures murdered. ”There is also talk of the“ Vrygenstole tor Ravenseick ”and the“ Vryenstoel ten Hassenkampe by Erler ”.

In 1442 the powers of the Vemes courts were severely restricted by the Reichstag, so that they lost their importance. Another court hearing has come down to us from 1543. Vime court was held under the oak until 1589. In the 16th century, with the strengthening of the sovereignty of the Prince-Bishop of Münster , the Vote Court had to give up a large part of its responsibilities and was dissolved at the end of the 18th century. The stone slab of the free chair was erected on the bridge near Dorsten as a memorial; In 1945 British soldiers threw them into the river.

Historical lore

Land map of Erle in 1822 (Femeiche marked as Erler Baum at the bottom left )

The main crown of the oak probably broke out in the 17th century; The current crown was formed over the centuries. Due to the lack of the central trunk, water penetrated, so that fungi decomposed the wood and the cavity formed. After the tree was attacked by fungus, the priest de Weldige had the sick tree tackled with a sharp tool around the year 1750 and the rotten center piece scraped out to ensure its survival. A narrow, head-high entrance was created. In the parish chronicle of Erle it says:

“Around 1750 the cave was still insignificant; At this time we hear that the little son of Tellmann, a neighboring cellar, found it very difficult to crawl in to get out the eggs that the pastor's ducks used to lay there. Pastor de Weldige is said to have hollowed out the tree and made an entrance to it. "

- Parish chronicle Erle
Information board for the »Femeiche« natural monument

In the village chronicle of Erle several events in the hollow oak are reported in the first half of the 19th century. On July 5, 1814, District Administrator Devens attached the Order of the Red Eagle to Pastor Lohede, then 81 years old, inside the oak . The Crown Prince of Prussia, who later became King Friedrich Wilhelm IV , had 36 fully equipped infantrymen set up in the oak on September 26, 1819 during a maneuver in the Erler Heide, the resulting cavity was that big. Before that, the Crown Prince and his generals von Haacke and von Thielemann had their breakfast at a table in the oak. When the Bishop of Munster was in Alder for confirmation , the oak was festively decorated and a drink was taken in it. On June 1, 1832, after the confirmation, Bishop Kaspar Maximilian Droste zu Vischering was led to the festively decorated oak tree with singing and refreshed himself there with a glass of wine. Bishop Kaspar Maximilian Droste zu Vischering was received once again on July 16, 1842, after having confirmed 150 children in the Raesfeld parish the day before. Bishop Johann Georg Müller is also said to have entertained the dean of Droste-Senden and nine clergymen at a round table in the oak for two hours at a confirmation with his court chaplain on July 11, 1851 . At that time, festivities such as weddings and confirmations took place in and under the oak.

Safeguards

Femeiche around 1890

In a letter dated November 11, 1892 from the Royal District Administrator and Secret Government Councilor of the Recklinghausen District Committee to Pastor Karthaus von Erle near Dorsten, there is talk of a renovation:

“The intention is to preserve the ancient oak standing on the ground of the pastorate alder, which purpose can be achieved if the oak or. the rest of the same as soon as possible adequately supported, respectively surrounded with iron straps. the branches are fastened with wire & the tree itself is surrounded with a lattice. The antiquity association may have the work carried out and manage it, while the not inconsiderable costs are to be borne in part by the district committee itself. In giving your reverence the most devoted communication of this, I am asking you to also be interested in the matter and to want to contribute to its implementation. "

- Royal District Councilor, Secret Government Councilor of the Recklinghausen District Committee: November 11, 1892

In 1892 the oak received several support beams to prevent it from falling over. The trunk parts also held two iron rings together. The work was carried out by von Buerbaum, garden architect in Düsseldorf , together with the forester Joly. Albert Weskamp wrote about the support beams in 1902: “[...] Since 1892, when the support beams penetrated deeper into the earth, so that an almost meter-high gap on the inclined side disappeared almost completely into the earth, the angle of inclination is only 60 degrees. “It is not known whether support beams existed before 1892. According to tradition, 40 members of the forest association sang a song in the hollow of the oak in 1897. In 1927 the top broke, so that the height of the tree was reduced from 18 meters before.

Redevelopment

Femeiche in winter

Before the arborist Michael Maurer extensively renovated the oak in 1965, he reported on the condition of the tree in the local calendar of Herrlichkeit Lembeck:

“This oak is in Alder, in the Weme, near the federal road 224 from Borken to Dorsten; Its circumference measures 14 meters, the clear width of the trunk tube is around 2.85 meters. The tree is still growing and greening, despite everything that has happened to it in a millennium. Lightning, storms and the 'human hand'; nothing could crush it, destroy it. But he is badly battered, you could almost say 'bent over by age'. Well-intentioned human help has brought him to the brink of ruin. [...] Only the beginnings of the former large branches can be seen. What is available in leaf bearers is new growth. [...] The trunk tube - open on both sides - is crooked. They carry the supports. The bark and wooden walls have become so thin that it is to be feared that they will no longer be able to support the rebuilt crown. The wood-destroying fungi sit like a skin on the healthy wood into which they drive their root tips, under the apparently hard, already eaten, visible wood. The defensive substances in the sap - produced in the leaves - can only reach the trunk walls to a very limited extent. The rings cut off the sap flow path, the tree becomes more and more 'weaker'. "

- Michael Maurer : The Femeiche in Alder - A proposal for their preservation.
Winter view

The aim of the renovation was that the annual growth on the outside exceeded the wood waste inside the trunk, so that the trunk shells did not become thinner. The last remaining iron ring, which had grown in and prevented the sap from flowing, was removed. In order to promote the flow of sap in the area of ​​the formerly deeply ingrown iron rings, the arborists cut the cell layer of the bark and removed all rotten and fungus-infested wood from the trunk, dexelized the rest, smoothed it and treated it with fungicidal agents. There remained three fragments that unite at a height of four meters. The dry wood in the upper part of the tree was removed, the cut surfaces were covered with lacquer balm . The wooden supports from 1892 were replaced with six new ones to protect the secondary crown. In addition, the tree received threaded rods with overpipes to connect the trunk parts and the bark-free wood was given a water-repellent coating.

The solid ground around the oak was dug to a depth of 40 centimeters and replaced with new soil, humus and tree fodder, a special fertilizer with a long-term effect. A layer of gravel was placed on top for better ventilation and watering. Boreholes down to alluvial gravel at a depth of four meters should counteract soil compaction. Entering the root area was forbidden to avoid the soil being compacted again. The renovation costs, which the Recklinghausen district took over, amounted to around 20,000 German marks .

Further measures

Court table with hangman's rope and sword

A fence installed as protection at the beginning of the 20th century was removed during the renovation in 1965. In 1986 and 1987 the trunk was treated again, with the gravel being exchanged for water-storing lava granules. Since April 1994 the tree has been protected by a new fence in order to prevent attempts to climb and damage the branches and twigs. The oak sustained some damage in a storm in May 2000. The crown had to be cut back; the rest are carried by three new supports. In the summer of 2006, a granite sculpture was set up outside the fence to commemorate the Feme courts under the oak, which is supposed to represent a court table with an executioner's rope and a sword. In 2008, renewed maintenance should adapt the crown to the load-bearing capacity of the trunk.

Audio book

Since 2009 there has been an interactive audio book entitled Die Femeiche from the Mystery thriller genre , which deals with the municipality of Alder and the Femeiche, but has nothing to do with the real history of the Femeiche and the village.

literature

  • Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archives . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5 .
  • Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich, Uwe Kühn: Germany's old trees . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8354-0183-9 .
  • Anette Lenzing: Court linden trees and thing places in Germany . Langewiesche KR, Heiligenhaus 2005, ISBN 3-7845-4520-3 .
  • Uwe Kühn, Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich: Trees that tell stories . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-405-16767-1 .
  • Christian Pakenham: Trees: The 72 largest and oldest trees in the world . Christian Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-88472-673-0 .
  • Hans Joachim Fröhlich : Old lovable trees in Germany . Cornelia Ahlering Verlag, Buchholz 2000, ISBN 3-926600-05-5 .
  • Norbert Stuff: The remote oak in Raesfeld-Alder: after more than 1000 years vital like a young tree . West Munsterland 2000.
  • Gerd Buskamp: Erle: Memories under the remote oak . Sankt Augustin 2000 ( Kleerbaum.de [accessed April 11, 2009]).
  • Hans Joachim Fröhlich : Paths to old trees, Volume 4, North Rhine-Westphalia . WDV-Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt 1992, ISBN 3-926181-18-4 .
  • ADAC Verlag (Ed.): The Great ADAC Nature Travel Guide Germany . ADAC Verlag, Turnhout / Belgium 1991, ISBN 3-87003-390-8 .
  • Hermann-Josef Schwingenheuer: The Erler Oak since 1882 (a word and picture documentation) . In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck and Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Ed.): Heimatkalender . 1982, p. 37-46 .
  • Hartwig Goerss: Our tree veterans . Landbuch, Hannover 1981, ISBN 3-7842-0247-0 .
  • Aloys Bernatzky : Tree and Man - With contributions by Michael Maurer . Waltemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1976, ISBN 3-7829-1045-1 .
  • Jos. Böckenhoff: The old oak and the free chair to Alder near Dorsten . In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck and Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Ed.): Heimatkalender . 1966.
  • Michael Maurer: The Femeiche in Alder - A suggestion for its preservation . In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck and Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Ed.): Heimatkalender . 1965.
  • F. Boerner et al.: No. 58: Yearbook 1953/1954 (=  communications of the German dendrological society ). Darmstadt self-published by the German Dendrological Society.
  • HF Schwingenheuer: The Vote Court under the Erler Oak . In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck and Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Ed.): Heimatkalender . 1932.
  • Paul Joly: The Erler Oak . In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck and Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Ed.): Heimatkalender . 1925, p. 46-49 .
  • Albert Weskamp: History of the village of alder and its oak . Westfälische Vereindruckerei, Münster 1902, urn : nbn: de: hbz: 6: 1-56646 .
  • Joseph Niesert : Contributions to a Münster document book from patriotic archives . printed with Coppenrath's writings, Münster 1823 ( Google Books ).

Web links

Commons : Femeiche  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich, Uwe Kühn: Germany's old trees . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8354-0183-9 , p. 37 .
  2. ↑ Uwe Kühn, Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich: Trees that tell stories . BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-405-16767-1 , p. 20 .
  3. ↑ a b c Anette Lenzing: Judicial linden trees and Thing places in Germany . Langewiesche KR, Heiligenhaus 2005, ISBN 3-7845-4520-3 , p. 113 .
  4. ↑ Gerd Buskamp: Erle: Memories under the Femeiche - childhood stories . 2000, accessed on April 11, 2009 (excerpt from Parish Chronicle Erle).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich, Uwe Kühn: Germany's old trees . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8354-0183-9 , p. 36 .
  6. ^ Aloys Bernatzky: Tree and Man - With contributions by Michael Maurer . Waltemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1976, ISBN 3-7829-1045-1 , p. 156 .
  7. ↑ a b Michael Maurer: The Femeiche in Alder - A proposal for their preservation . In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck and Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Ed.): Heimatkalender . 1965, p. 18 .
  8. ↑ a b Hans Joachim Fröhlich : Old lovable trees in Germany . Buchholz, Ahlering 2000, ISBN 3-926600-05-5 , pp. 130 .
  9. ↑ a b c d Anette Lenzing: Courts linden and Thing places in Germany . Langewiesche KR, Heiligenhaus 2005, ISBN 3-7845-4520-3 , p. 110 .
  10. ↑ a b c d Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archive . BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5 , p. 174 .
  11. ↑ Uwe Kühn, Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich: Trees that tell stories . BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-405-16767-1 , p. 38 .
  12. ↑ Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Old lovable trees in Germany . Buchholz, Ahlering 2000, ISBN 3-926600-05-5 , pp. 22 .
  13. ↑ Michel Brunner: Significant linden trees: 400 giant trees in Germany . Haupt Verlag AG, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-258-07248-7 , p. 316 .
  14. ↑ Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archives . BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5 .
  15. ↑ Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archives . BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5 , p. 105 .
  16. ↑ Information comes from the Lower Landscape Authority of the Borken district.
  17. ↑ Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Old lovable trees in Germany . Buchholz, Ahlering 2000, ISBN 3-926600-05-5 , pp. 499 .
  18. ^ Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Volume 4, North Rhine-Westphalia . In: Paths to old trees . WDV-Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt 1992, ISBN 3-926181-18-4 , p. 59 .
  19. ↑ Hartwig Goerss: Our tree veterans . Landbuch, Hannover 1981, ISBN 3-7842-0247-0 , p. 140 .
  20. ^ A b Aloys Bernatzky: Tree and Man - With contributions by Michael Maurer . Waltemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1976, ISBN 3-7829-1045-1 , p. 155 .
  21. ↑ a b Jos. Böckenhoff: The old oak and the free chair to Alder near Dorsten . In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck and Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Ed.): Heimatkalender . 1966, p. 26 .
  22. ↑ Femeiche natural monument. In: Geodata Atlas of the Borken district. Lower landscape authority district Borken, accessed on April 17, 2009 .
  23. ↑ Nature and landscape protection areas: basic information. Westmünsterland: Borken district, archived from the original on June 28, 2009 ; Retrieved May 1, 2009 .
  24. ↑ All information comes from the Lower Landscape Authority of the Borken district.
  25. ↑ Heimatverein Erle sets up history stations. ( Memento from June 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  26. ↑ Anette Lenzing: Courts Linden and Thingplaces in Germany . Langewiesche KR, Heiligenhaus 2005, ISBN 3-7845-4520-3 , p. 110-111 .
  27. ^ A b Anette Lenzing: Judicial linden trees and Thingplaces in Germany . Langewiesche KR, Heiligenhaus 2005, ISBN 3-7845-4520-3 , p. 114 .
  28. ^ Chronicle / community Raesfeld. Raesfeld community, April 4, 2007, archived from the original on June 29, 2009 ; Retrieved April 17, 2009 .
  29. ^ Joseph Niesert: Contributions to a Münster document book from patriotic archives . printed with Coppenrath writings, Münster 1823, p. 96 ( Google Books ).
  30. ^ Joseph Niesert: Contributions to a Münster document book from patriotic archives . printed with Coppenrath writings, Münster 1823, p. 97 ( Google Books ).
  31. ^ Hermann-Josef Schwingenheuer: The Erler Oak since 1882 . In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck and Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Ed.): Heimatkalender . 1982, p. 39 .
  32. ↑ a b 1000 year old Femeiche in Raesfeld. ( Memento from June 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  33. ↑ Gerd Buskamp: Erle: Memories under the Femeiche. www.dorf-erle.de, April 30, 2000, accessed April 11, 2009 .
  34. ↑ a b c d e Gerd Buskamp: Erle: memories under the femeiche - childhood stories . 2000, accessed April 11, 2009 .
  35. ↑ a b The Erler Femeiche: From court square to tourist magnet. Westmünsterland - Borken district, accessed on April 7, 2009 .
  36. ↑ Anette Lenzing: Courts Linden and Thingplaces in Germany . Langewiesche KR, Heiligenhaus 2005, ISBN 3-7845-4520-3 , p. 112-113 .
  37. ↑ Michael Maurer: The Femeiche in Alder - A proposal for their preservation . In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck and Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Ed.): Heimatkalender . 1965, p. 16 .
  38. ^ Albert Weskamp: History of the village of alder and its oak . Westfälische Vereindruckerei, Münster 1902.
  39. ^ Aloys Bernatzky: Tree and Man - With contributions by Michael Maurer . Waltemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1976, ISBN 3-7829-1045-1 , p. 156-158 .
  40. ↑ Michael Maurer: The Femeiche in Alder - A proposal for their preservation . In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck and Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Ed.): Heimatkalender . 1965, p. 16-20 .
  41. ↑ Hartwig Goerss: Our tree veterans . Landbuch, Hannover 1981, ISBN 3-7842-0247-0 , p. 57-58 .
  42. ↑ Supports for a 1000-year-old: Erler Femeiche carries too heavily on her crown. ( Memento from June 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) In: Bocholter-Borkener Volksblatt. June 29, 2000.
  43. ↑ In good shape: The more than 1000-year-old Femeiche was treated to a care regimen again. The West: The portal of the WAZ media group, November 7, 2008, accessed on July 6, 2015 .
  44. ↑ The Femeiche. Interaktives-Hörbuch.de, accessed on April 18, 2009 .
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on July 2, 2009 in this version .

Coordinates: 51 ° 44 ′ 43.7 "  N , 6 ° 51 ′ 43.4"  E