Friedrich von Payer

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Friedrich von Payer
Vice Chancellor Friedrich von Payer (second from left) with Reich Chancellor Max von Baden (left) (1918)

Friedrich Ludwig Payer , von Payer from 1906 , (born June 12, 1847 in Tübingen ; † July 14, 1931 in Stuttgart ) was a German politician ( Democratic People's Party , Progressive People's Party , German Democratic Party ) and Vice Chancellor of the German Empire from 1917 to 1918 .

Life and work

Friedrich Payer attended the Protestant theological seminar in Blaubeuren , where, in addition to his theological training, he also passed the Abitur . From 1865 he studied law in Tübingen and was a member of the royal society Roigel from 1866 . In 1871 he established himself as a lawyer in Stuttgart , and from 1899 he was also a notary . For several years he was a member of the board of directors of the Württemberg Bar Association .

Political party

Payer originally belonged to the Democratic People's Party in Württemberg . In 1907 he supported the formation of the Bülow Block and, after it broke up in 1909, campaigned for the establishment of the Progressive People's Party (FVP) . In the FVP, he let his home party go up as a regional association in 1910. In 1918 he participated in the founding of the DDP .

The 82-year-old Payer resigned from the Wuerttemberg party organization of the DDP in January 1930 because he did not agree with his party's surprising accession to the Bazille / Bolz government , but remained a member of this party. He justified his step as follows: Entering a government, "which we have so far only got to know as a fundamental, sometimes extremely hateful opponent of all democratic endeavors", is not responsible.

MP

Payer was a member of the Stuttgart City Council from 1892 to 1896. From 1893 to 1912 he was a member of the Württemberg Chamber of Deputies , of which he was president from 1895 to 1912. He vividly describes a fruitless first candidacy for the Reichstag in 1873 in the anniversary edition of the daily newspaper "Tübinger Chronik" from the beginning of November 1921. From 1877 to 1878, 1880 to 1887 and 1890 to 1918 he was a member of the Reichstag . He represented the constituency of Württemberg 6 ( Reutlingen , Tübingen , Rottenburg ) and belonged to the parliamentary group of the People's Party .

Payer fought for the maintenance and expansion of parliamentary power. So he turned decisively against Bismarck's domestic policy . In particular, the MP fought against the Septennat , the fixing of the military budget for seven years. During the First World War , as leader of the parliamentary group of the Progressive People's Party, he was a staunch supporter of Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg . Payer wanted to push through a democratization of the Reich and Prussian constitution and achieve a negotiated peace with the Western powers. In particular after Bethmann Hollweg's dismissal (July 13, 1917), Payer was decisively opposed by the OHL in his new office as Vice Chancellor .

After the First World War he was a member of the Weimar National Assembly , where he was parliamentary group leader of the DDP until July 9, 1919 . Unlike the majority of the DDP, he agreed to the signing of the Versailles Treaty on June 22, 1919 .

Public offices

Towards the end of World War I, he was Vice Chancellor of the German Reich from November 9, 1917 until the Council of People's Representatives took power . In 1918 he was commissioned by Kaiser Wilhelm II to work with Siegfried von Roedern on a cabinet list for the new cabinet. However, on October 1, 1918, Payer himself refused the position of Reich Chancellor that had been offered to him , so that the Kaiser appointed Prince Max von Baden instead .

Honors

Publications

  • From Bethmann Hollweg to Ebert , memories and pictures , Frankfurter Societäts Druckerei, Frankfurt am Main 1923.

literature

Friedrich von Payer, lithograph by Emil Stumpp
  • Günther Bradler : Friedrich Payer's political conversations with Theodor Heuss . A find from the main state archive in Stuttgart , in: Journal for Württembergische Landesgeschichte (ZWLG), year 1973, pp. 161–192.
  • Günther Bradler: Friedrich Payer. Autobiographical records and documents , Kümmerle, Göppingen 1974, ISBN 3-87452-228-8 .
  • Günther Bradler:  Payer, Friedrich von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , pp. 145 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Reinhold A. Helmut Franz : The problem of constitutional parliamentarization in Conrad Haußmann and Friedrich von Payer , Göppingen 1977.
  • Friedrich Payer in memory , Reutlingen 1997.
  • Frank Raberg : Biographical handbook of the Württemberg state parliament members 1815-1933 . On behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-17-016604-2 , p. 648-650 .
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 4: M-Q. Winter, Heidelberg 2000, ISBN 3-8253-1118-X , pp. 283-284.
  • Reinhold Weber , Ines Mayer (eds.): Political Heads from Southwest Germany (= writings on political regional studies of Baden-Württemberg , vol. 33), Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-17-018700-7 , pp. 11-20.
  • Christopher Dowe: Unexpectedly Vice Chancellor in the final stages of the First World War. The Reutlinger honorary citizen Friedrich von Payer ( 1847-1931 ) , in: Reutlinger Geschichtsblätter NF 57 (2018), ISSN 0486-5901, pp. 369-397.

Web links

Commons : Friedrich von Payer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fritz Specht, Paul Schwabe: The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1903. Statistics of the Reichstag elections together with the programs of the parties and a list of the elected representatives. Verlag Carl Heymann, 2nd edition, Berlin 1904, pp. 239-240; see also Carl-Wilhelm Reibel: Handbook of the Reichstag elections 1890–1918. Alliances, results, candidates (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 15). Half volume 2, Droste, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-7700-5284-4 , pp. 1221-1224.
  2. ^ Court and State Handbook of the Kingdom of Württemberg. 1907, p. 34.
personal data
SURNAME Payer, Friedrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Payer, Friedrich Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (Progressive People's Party, DDP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH June 12, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Tübingen
DATE OF DEATH July 14, 1931
Place of death Stuttgart