Friedrich Schnirch

Friedrich Schnirch (1860)

Friedrich Franz Schnirch (born June 7, 1791 in Patek near Laun , † November 25, 1868 in Vienna ) was a German-Bohemian engineer and bridge builder. He became famous for building chain bridges . In 1848 he was a co-founder of the Austrian Association of Engineers . Friedrich Schnirch is one of the most important Austrian technicians of the first half of the 19th century and made a significant contribution to technical progress in bridge construction.

Life

Former chain bridge in Saaz (1826–1891) by F. Schnirch

After attending grammar school in Horn , the Philosophical School in Krems and the kk Konvikt in Vienna, he studied at the Vienna Polytechnic from 1819 to 1821 , his teacher was among others Johann von Kudriaffsky , the founder of the Vienna School of Bridge Building. He then worked as a private engineer for the Counts of Magnis mines belonging to the Counts of Magnis . He was particularly interested in bridge construction, in particular he was concerned with the construction of chain bridges. From 1826 he had also applied this design principle to a system of fire-proof hanging iron roofs. In 1858 he was granted a patent for suspension bridges. When using the chain bridges, some design flaws became apparent in later years, e.g. B. the underestimation of the traffic load, the insufficient consideration of the dynamic loads as well as the insufficient consideration of the wind loads, which led to the demolition and the construction of numerous bridges. Often they were no longer able to cope with the heavy traffic due to their narrow width.

From 1827 he was active in the state service, from 1842 as chief engineer of the kk state railways , from 1859 section head in the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Public Works and from 1861 chief inspector of the kk state railways. At the General Directorate for the Austrian State Railways he also dealt with the planning of new railway lines, e.g. B. the route Olomouc - Prague (Olomouc - Praha) and the construction of telegraph systems for the railway.

In Vienna- Landstrasse (3rd district), Schnirchgasse was named after him in 1888 .

buildings

Suspension bridge at Stádlec over the Lainsitz by F. Schnirch

Listed house in Banská Bystrica, Moyzesplatz 7 with a suspended roof by F. Schnirch

first chain bridge in the Habsburg monarchy at Strážnice (Straßnitz) in Moravia over the March , span 29 m, width 4 m (1824)
Chain bridge in Žatec (Saaz), span 64 m (1826–27, replaced by a new building in 1897)
Chain Bridge (Kaiser-Ferdinand-Brücke) in Loket (Elbogen), built by Ing.L. Wöllner (1836), the original project came from F. Schnirch (replaced by a new building 1934–36)
Emperor Franz I Bridge in Prague, chain bridge over the Vltava (1839–41), replaced in 1898 by a stone bridge - Legions Bridge
Chain bridge in Strakonice over the Otava , span 42 m (1841, replaced 1890)
Chain bridge in Poděbrady over the Elbe , span 101 m (1842, replaced in 1890)
Chain Bridge at Jaroměř (Jaromierz) over the Elbe, span 41 m (1845)
Chain bridge in Podolsko (Podolsk), OT from Podolí I near Písek over the Vltava, span 91 m (1847-48), dismantled because of the construction of the Orlík dam around 1965 and rebuilt in 1971-75 near Stádlec (Stachletz), Okres Tábor over the Lainsitz (Lužnice) - Stádlecký most (Řetězový most)
Chain bridge Postoloprty (Postelberg) over the Eger , span 99 m (1853, replaced 1910)
Connecting railway bridge over the Danube Canal in Vienna, for the connecting railway between Nordbahnhof and Südbahnhof (first chain bridge for railway operations) (1859–1860, replaced by a new building in 1884)
Aspern Bridge over the Danube Canal in Vienna (chain bridge, Schnirch-Fillunger system) (1863–1864, replaced by a new building in 1913, architect Max Hegele )
Iron roofs (suspended roofs) by Friedrich Schnirch, including in Strážnice (Straßnitz) in Moravia, Český Brod (Böhmisch Brod), Tuřany (Turas), OT von Brno and in Banská Bystrica (Neusohl). The house with the hanging roof in Banská Bystrica is located on Moyzesa Štefan nám. 7 and is a listed building, see [1] .

Honors

Knight's Cross of the Franz Joseph Order
A street in Vienna was named after him

Works

Friedrich Schnirch and Josef Schnirch : "Contribution to the chain bridge construction, containing the theory of the fluctuations in all known types of chain bridge constructions with 2 or more connected tracks along with attached auxiliary formulas for calculating the chain bridges and a draft for a composite chain bridge for very large river widths", with 2 lith. Tafeln, Prague, Eggenberger, 1832
Friedrich Schnirch: The Kaiser Franzens Chain Bridge in Prague, Prague-Berlin, 1842
Publications in magazines:
- F. Schnirch: About the way of building and sinking wells above ground, in: ABZ 8.1843, pp. 147–151
- F. Schnirch: Ueber Elektricität und Elektrische Telegraphie, in: ZÖIV 1.1849, pp. 29-36, 37-44, 45-56
- F. Schnirch: Use of electrical telegraphy for railroad service, in: ZÖIV 1.1849, pp. 129-134, 145-149
- F. Schnirch: Suspension bridges over the Niagara for railways a. Road cart as a double bridge, in: ZÖIV 7.1855, pp. 156–157
- F. Schnirch: The first chain bridge (on both sides of the ocean) for locomotive operations, in: ABZ 25.1860, pp. 220–233, pp. 380–381

literature

Constantin von Wurzbach : Schnirch, Friedrich . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 31st part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1876, pp. 52–54 ( digitized version ).
Fanta, Julius: The first constructed chain bridge for locomotive operations, Vienna, Förster, 1861

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Schnirch - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Architectural encyclopedia Vienna 1770-1945 - Friedrich Schnirch (accessed on June 27, 2015)
↑ Austrian Biographical Lexicon (ÖBL) 1815-1950, Vol. 10, p. 404f. (accessed June 27, 2015)
↑ Austria-Forum - Friedrich Schnirch with picture (accessed on June 27, 2015)
↑ Schnirch - Strážnice Chain Bridge (accessed on June 27, 2015) (Czech)
^ Loket road bridge (accessed June 29, 2015) (Czech)
↑ Friedrich Schnirch - Kettenbrücken (accessed June 27, 2015) (Czech.)
↑ Josef Gruber: Pope of the Chain Bridges, 2012 (accessed on June 27, 2015) (Czech.)
↑ Ferenčik, Pavel: About a suspended roof built in 1826 (translation), Stuttgart University Library, 1976, 11 p. (Accessed on June 27, 2015)
^ Friedrich Schnirch in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
↑ Děčín Chain Bridge (accessed June 27, 2015) (Czech.)
^ Commemorative coin FJ Gerstner (accessed on June 29, 2015) (Czech)

personal data
SURNAME	Schnirch, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Schnirch, Friedrich Franz (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German-Bohemian engineer and bridge builder
DATE OF BIRTH	June 7, 1791
PLACE OF BIRTH	Patek on mood
DATE OF DEATH	November 25, 1868
Place of death	Vienna

[1] Architectural encyclopedia Vienna 1770-1945 - Friedrich Schnirch (accessed on June 27, 2015)

[2] Austrian Biographical Lexicon (ÖBL) 1815-1950, Vol. 10, p. 404f. (accessed June 27, 2015)

[3] Austria-Forum - Friedrich Schnirch with picture (accessed on June 27, 2015)

[4] Schnirch - Strážnice Chain Bridge (accessed on June 27, 2015) (Czech)

[5] Loket road bridge (accessed June 29, 2015) (Czech)

[6] Friedrich Schnirch - Kettenbrücken (accessed June 27, 2015) (Czech.)

[7] Josef Gruber: Pope of the Chain Bridges, 2012 (accessed on June 27, 2015) (Czech.)

[8] Ferenčik, Pavel: About a suspended roof built in 1826 (translation), Stuttgart University Library, 1976, 11 p. (Accessed on June 27, 2015)

[9] Friedrich Schnirch in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna

[10] Děčín Chain Bridge (accessed June 27, 2015) (Czech.)

[11] Commemorative coin FJ Gerstner (accessed on June 29, 2015) (Czech)