Friedrich von Wieser

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Friedrich Freiherr von Wieser (since 1919 only Wieser ; * July 10, 1851 in Vienna ; † July 22, 1926 in St. Gilgen , Land Salzburg ) was an Austrian economist (main exponent of neoclassical marginal utility theory ) and sociologist. With Carl Menger and Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk , he is considered to be the founder of the Austrian School of Economics . He considers the concept of " alternative cost " (or " opportunity cost ") and a theory about it.

Life

Natural Werth , 1889

Friedrich Wieser was born in 1851 as the son of the civil servant and financial expert Leopold Wieser (1819–1902). Leopold Wieser was councilor in the kuk war ministry and most recently acted as section head of the joint audit office, the audit authority for common foreign policy and defense of both parts of Austria-Hungary . As an art lover, he founded the Association for the Promotion of Fine Arts . Leopold Wieser was awarded the title of Privy Councilor by Emperor Franz Joseph I. , ennobled in 1858 for his services, and in 1889 raised to the status of hereditary baron . Among his children, in addition to Friedrich von Wieser, the artist Hyacinth von Wieser (1848–1877) is also of importance. The nobility titles of the Wieser family were abolished with the Nobility Repeal Act of April 3, 1919.

Friedrich von Wieser began after his graduation at the Vienna Schottengymnasium 1868 at the University of Vienna Jus study. After reading Herbert Spencer's Introduction to Sociology , he was also interested in economics . In 1875 Wieser received a travel grant, which took him to study economist Karl Knies at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg for two semesters . He was enrolled for two more semesters with Wilhelm Roscher at the University of Leipzig and with Bruno Hildebrand at the University of Jena .

After his legal doctorate , he completed his habilitation in 1884 at the University of Vienna with a thesis on the origin and main laws of economic value . In the same year he was appointed professor at the German university in Prague , which had been separate from Czech higher education since 1882 .

Appointed full professor in 1889 , he was rector of the university in 1901/1902. The natural value appeared in Prague , a work in which Wieser described the economy as a cycle that follows precisely formulated laws.

In 1903 Friedrich von Wieser accepted the call from the University of Vienna. His main economic interest in the following years was the problems of monetary theory . On August 30, 1917, he was appointed kk trade minister by Emperor Karl I in the Hussarek-Heinlein government, as well as in the last imperial government, the Lammasch Ministry , which was in office until November 11, 1918 . In addition, Wieser was from 1917 to November 12, 1918, when German Austria as a republic abolished the manor house of the Reichsrat , a member of the manor house appointed by the emperor.

In 1926, in his main sociological and historical-philosophical work, The Law of Power , he presented the results and ideas he had developed in German-Austria .

Wieser died shortly after his 75th birthday, and was buried in a grave dedicated to the City of Vienna in the Dornbacher Friedhof (group 11, number 1 A).

Works

Wieser's tomb in Dornbach
Plaque of honor in the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna by the sculptor Rudolf Schmidt
  • On the Origin and Principal Laws of Economic Value , 1884
  • The natural value , 1889
  • On the past and future of the Austrian constitution , 1905
  • The theory of urban rent , 1909
  • Law and Power , 1910
  • Theory of the Social Economy [first edition 1914], 1924
  • German Bohemia's right to self-determination , in: Rudolf Lodgman von Auen : Deutschböhmen , Berlin 1919
  • Austria's end , 1919.
  • The historical work of violence , 1923
  • The Law of Power , 1926

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich von Wieser, Theory of the Social Economy [first edition 1914], 1924.
  2. ^ A b Albrecht Weiland: The Campo Santo Teutonico in Rome and its grave monuments. Volume I , Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1988, ISBN 3-451-20882-2 , pp. 255 f.
  3. ↑ Rector's speech (HKM)

literature

  • Wilhelm Bernsdorf : Wieser, Friedrich Freiherr von , in: Ders./Horst Knospe, Internationales Soziologenlexikon , Vol. 1, Emke, Stuttgart ² 1980, pp. 499–501
  • Friedrich A. v. Hayek Institute : From Menger to Mises , 2000. ISBN 3-933180-58-9
  • Herbert Hax (ed.): Vademecum on a classic of the Austrian school . Düsseldorf 1999. ISBN 3-87881-138-1
    • therein u. a .: Erich Streissler : Friedrich von Wieser's basic scientific perspective .
  • Hans Mayer, R. Reisch, FA Fetter: The Economic Theory of the Present (anthology with over 80 contributions by international economists). Vienna 1927
  • A. Menzel: Friedrich Wieser as a sociologist . Vienna 1927
  • Ewald Schams: Friedrich Wieser and his work . Journal of Political Science, 81 (1926)
  • Friedrich Hayek : Friedrich von Wieser: Gesammelte Abhandlungen , Saarbrücken 2006, ISBN 978-3-86550-760-0

Web links

Commons : Friedrich von Wieser  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Friedrich von Wieser  - Quotes
personal data
SURNAME Wieser, Friedrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wieser, Friedrich Freiherr von (full name); Wieser, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian economist and university lecturer
DATE OF BIRTH July 10, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH July 22, 1926
Place of death St. Gilgen