Vulnerable area (Sweden)
Vulnerable area ( Swedish Utsatt område ) is a name used by the Swedish police for areas with high crime rates and high levels of social exclusion. In 2015 the police declared 53 such areas. In 2017, 61 endangered areas were identified due to better data; In 2019 there were 60.
All such residential areas in southern Sweden (South of Gävle ), were mostly during the social housing project million program built from 1965 to 1974 and are characterized by a high proportion of Muslim immigrants from Africa and the Middle East dominated.
properties
Vulnerable areas are areas that have a low socio-economic status and are socially negatively affected by high crime rates. The three categories are divided into (exclusively) endangered area (Swedish: Utsatt område (enbart) ), risk area (Swedish: Riskområde ) and particularly endangered area (Swedish: Särskilt utsatt område ) according to the increasing degree of risk .
These areas are sometimes referred to by the media as “no-go zones” because emergency services such as fire brigade and emergency doctors cannot enter these areas during tense situations without police protection because they are attacked by criminal gangs.
The residents of these areas have high unemployment rates compared to the rest of Sweden; while the employment rate is 67% across the country , it is only 49% in the vulnerable areas.
Retail is dominated by local small businesses, while only a few large chain stores operate.
According to a 2017 report by the Swedish Ministry of Defense, 70% of people who traveled to Syria and Iraq from Sweden for terrorist activities were residents of vulnerable areas.
According to a report by Swedish Television (SVT) 2018, the situation in those areas is tending to improve: employment rates, income and school success are increasing.
Vulnerable areas have a relatively low turnout , e.g. For example, in the Swedish parliamentary elections in 2014, only a third of the residents of Gårdsten district in Gothenburg voted . Journalists who wanted to interview residents of the district often failed due to the residents' lack of knowledge of Swedish or English.
By 2018 at the latest, gang violence, which had long been a characteristic of the endangered areas, spilled over to the wider society. Hospital workers reported armed confrontations in emergency rooms and school principals said threats and guns were becoming the norm.
Endangered area
An area in the endangered area is characterized by a low socio-economic status and a negative influence of criminals on society and public institutions. Criminals can direct threats and blackmail or indirect methods such as homicidal violence or drug trafficking use in public. The effect of their activities is that residents feel less secure, which inhibits participation or testimony in court against criminals.
According to the 2019 report, the number of (exclusively) endangered areas was 28.
Risk area
A risk area meets all the criteria for an endangered area , but not all of the criteria for a particularly endangered area . According to the 2019 report, the number was 10.
Particularly endangered area
One area in this category is characterized by residents whose potential threat from criminals has resulted in a general aversion to legal proceedings against criminals. There are systematic threats and violence against witnesses and plaintiffs in these particularly vulnerable areas. These circumstances make it very difficult if not impossible for the police to guarantee applicable law.
Particularly endangered areas are partly characterized by parallel societies , criminals and Islamism .
In February 2017 the employment rate was 47 percent. Many residents are either themselves or children of immigrants (50–60%).
In 2017 police reported that social fraud was common in these areas . The police noticed manipulated residents' registration office numbers. For example, 10-30 residents were registered for 2% of all apartments in Rinkeby , which meant that social benefits could be drawn excessively.
According to the 2019 report, the number of these particularly endangered areas was 22. They vary in population between 4,000 (Södra Sofielund in Malmö ) and 35,000 ( Rinkeby / Tensta in Stockholm ).
Level of education
40% of the residents have not completed primary school ( förgymnasial utbildning ). According to statistics from the Swedish Crime Prevention Council (BRÅ), people who only had primary education were 5.7 times more likely to be suspicious of crimes compared to people with post-secondary education. In 2017, on average, fewer than half of 15-year-olds in Gothenburg's high- risk areas were qualified for secondary education ( eftergymnasial utbildning ). In the Bergsjön district, 70 percent of 15-year-old pupils at Bergsjöskolan left primary school without achieving the reading and arithmetic skills required for secondary education; at Sjumilaskolan school in Biskopsgården it was 67 percent. For comparison, the national average in Sweden is 17.5 percent. Compared with the figures 5 years earlier, there was even a deterioration.
Areas
According to the Department for National Operations ( Nationella operativa avdelningen ), the areas and their classification are as follows (G = (exclusively) endangered area , R = risk area, B = particularly endangered area ):
| city | District (s) | 2015 | 2017 | 2019 |
| Borås | Hässleholmen / Hulta | R. | B. | B. |
| Norrby | B. | B. | ||
| Bor length | Tjärna Angar | R. | R. | R. |
| Botkyrka | Alby | R. | B. | B. |
| Fittja | R. | B. | B. | |
| Hallunda / Norsborg | B. | B. | B. | |
| Storvreten | G | |||
| Eskilstuna | Fröslunda | G | G | G |
| Lagersberg | G | G | G | |
| Ski liftings | G | G | ||
| Falkenberg | Falkagård | G | ||
| Gothenburg | Hisings Backa | G | G | G |
| Rannebergen | G | G | G | |
| Biskopsgården | B. | B. | B. | |
| Bergsjön | B. | B. | B. | |
| Gårdsten | B. | B. | R. | |
| Hammarkullen | B. | B. | B. | |
| Hjallbo | B. | B. | B. | |
| Lövgärdet | B. | B. | B. | |
| Tynnered / Grevegården / Opaltorget | G | B. | B. | |
| Halmstad | Andersberg | G | G | G |
| Haninge | Brandbergen | G | G | G |
| Jordbro | G | G | ||
| Helsingborg | Adolfsberg / Dalhem / Drottninghög | R. | R. | R. |
| Söder | R. | R. | ||
| Huddinge | Skogås | G | G | G |
| Vårby | G | G | ||
| Järfälla | Sångvägen | G | G | G |
| Termovagen | G | G | G | |
| Jonkoping | Råslätt | G | G | G |
| Kristianstad | Charlottesborg | G | G | G |
| Gamlegården | G | G | G | |
| Landskrona | Koppargården / Karlslund | G | B. | B. |
| Linkoping | Skäggetorp | B. | B. | B. |
| Malmo | Holma / Kroksbäck / Bellevuegården | G | R. | R. |
| Nydala / Hermodsdal / Lindängen | B. | B. | ||
| Rosengård south of Amiralsgatan | B. | B. | B. | |
| Södra Sofielund (Seved) | B. | B. | B. | |
| Norrkoping | Hageby | G | G | |
| Klockaretorpet | G | G | ||
| Navestad | G | G | ||
| Sollentuna | Edsberg | G | G | G |
| Tureberg | R. | R. | R. | |
| Stockholm | Bredang | G | G | G |
| Hagsätra / Rågsved | G | G | G | |
| Hässelby / Vällingby | G | G | G | |
| Älvsjö / Solberga | G | G | G | |
| Ostberga | G | G | G | |
| Rinkeby / Tensta | B. | B. | B. | |
| Husby | B. | B. | B. | |
| Sundbyberg | Rissne / Hallonbergen | G | G | R. |
| Södertälje | Fornhöjden | G | G | R. |
| Hovsjö | G | G | R. | |
| Ronna / Geneta / Lina | B. | B. | B. | |
| Trollhättan | Kronogården | G | G | G |
| Upplands Bro | Finnsta | G | G | G |
| Upplands Väsby | Smedby | G | G | |
| Uppsala |
Valsätra |
G | G | G |
| Gottsunda | B. | B. | ||
| Västerås | Backby | G | G | G |
| Vaxjo | Araby | B. | B. | B. |
| Örebro | Oxhagen / Varberga | R. | R. | R. |
| Vivalla | B. | B. | B. | |
| Number of (exclusively) endangered areas :G | 31 | 32 | 28 | |
| Number of risk areas :R. | 7th | 6th | 10 | |
| Number of particularly endangered areas :B. | 15th | 23 | 22nd | |
| Total: | 53 | 61 | 60 | |
Reactions
In April 2019, the publication of the List of Endangered Areas was criticized by local politicians as stigmatizing and inhibiting investment. The police replied that they saw no reason to hide the list. The list also provides a uniform basis for assessing the districts across the country. Interior Minister Morgan Johansson said the list would continue to be publicly available.
In order to improve the situation in these areas, cooperation between various interest groups such as B. Real estate owners and organizations needed. However, the fear of gentrification could cause problems.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Utsatta områden - sociala risker, collective formåga och oönskade händelser. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Police in Sweden - Nationella Operativa Avdelningen, December 2015, pp. 13-14 , archived from the original on August 19, 2016 ; accessed on November 20, 2019 .
- ^ Police add eight new "especially vulnerable" areas in Sweden - Sweden's "particularly vulnerable areas" - Radio Sweden. Retrieved November 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Swedish police name dozens of “vulnerable areas” —but are they “no-go zones”? In: Newsweek. June 21, 2017, accessed November 20, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Svensk politi: - Four i ferd med å miste controls. In: NRK. Retrieved October 18, 2017 (Norwegian).
- ↑ a b Utsatta områden - sociala risker, collective formåga och oönskade händelser. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Police in Sweden - Nationella Operativa Avdelningen, December 2015, pp. 21, 29 , archived from the original on August 19, 2016 ; accessed on November 20, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d Svensk politi skulle ta tilbake controls over utsatte bydeler fra kriminelle. To år senere er situasjonen blitt enda verre. In: Aftenposten. Retrieved October 19, 2017 (Swedish).
- ↑ Working on the front line in Stockholm's vulnerable suburbs. In: The Local. November 30, 2017. Retrieved November 20, 2019 .
- Jump up ↑ Often times of terrorism från utsatta områden. Norrländska Socialdemokrats, June 14, 2017, accessed November 20, 2019 (Swedish).
- ↑ Läget bättre i utsatta områden. In: SVT. June 10, 2018, accessed on November 20, 2019 : “Fler jobbar, inkomsterna är högre, bidbitr lägre och färre är helt utanför systems. /../ Sedan 1997 has exempelvis andelen förvärvsarbetande bland de utrikes födda i stadsdelen Rinkeby ökat från 29 percent till 49 percent 2015. Andelen öppet arbetslösa har samtidigt gått ner, från 18 percent till 15 percent. "
- ↑ Här struntar varannan i valet. (No longer available online.) In: Hem & Hyra. Archived from the original on June 23, 2018 ; accessed on June 23, 2018 (sv-SE).
- ↑ Hand Grenades and Gang Violence Rattle Sweden's Middle Class. Retrieved August 15, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c d Utsatta områden - sociala risker, collective formåga och oönskade händelser. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Police in Sweden - Nationella Operativa Avdelningen, December 2015, p. 13 , archived from the original on August 16, 2016 ; Retrieved November 20, 2019 (Swedish).
- ↑ Myndighetsgemensam lägesbild om organiserad brottslighet 2018–2019 / Dnr: A495.196 / 2017. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Polismyndigheten, 2017, p. 20; Diagram 15 , archived from the original on July 5, 2018 ; Retrieved November 20, 2019 (Swedish).
- ↑ a b Myndighetsgemensam lägesbild om organiserad brottslighet 2018–2019 / Dnr: A495.196 / 2017 . Polismyndigheten, Stockholm 2017, p. 13-14, Diagram 4 (Swedish, polisen.se [PDF]): ”Uppgifter gör gällande att det i de särskilt utsatta områdena förekommer ett otillbörligt utnyttjande av välfärdssystemet. The gäller formåner som administreras av såväl Försäkringskassan som Arbetsförmedlingen. Ett exempel är att folkbokföringsuppgifter manipuleras för att man ska kunna tillskansa sig ersättning som man inte har rätt till. "
- ↑ a b Kriminell påverkan i lokalsamhället - En lägesbild för utvecklingen i utsatta områden. (PDF) June 2019, pp. 6, 7 , accessed on November 20, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Myndighetsgemensam lägesbild om organiserad brottslighet 2018–2019. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 5, 2018 ; Retrieved November 20, 2019 (Swedish).
- ↑ a b Över halften clear inte skolan i utsatta områden. In: Göteborgs-Posten. Retrieved June 9, 2018 (Swedish).
- ↑ Utsatta områden - Social ordning, criminal structure och utmaningar för polisen Dnr: HD 44/14 A203.023 / 2016. (PDF) Swedish Police Authority - Nationella operativa avdelningen Underrättelseenheten, June 2017, p. 41 , accessed on November 20, 2019 .
- ↑ "Finns inget skäl att försöka hemlighålla" - Nyheter (Ekot). In: sverigesradio.se. Retrieved April 6, 2019 (Swedish).
- ↑ No-go zone? Here's how one of Sweden's roughest areas edged out its drug gangs. In: The Local. July 7, 2017, accessed November 20, 2019 .