History of Aukrug
The history of Aukrug describes the historical development of the community of Aukrug in Mittelholstein .
history
The current place name Aukrug was originally an area name and comes from the Low German name "in de Aukrögen" and means something like in the curvatures of the floodplains . The exact name for the area around the five villages of Innien, Böken, Bünzen, Bargfeld and Homfeld was Nortorfer Aukrug , as there was also an Aukrug near Neumünster and Rendsburg . The place name Aukrug as a municipality name was formally created when, on July 2, 1968, the five municipalities of the then Innien office signed the unification agreement establishing the municipality of Aukrug , which came into force on December 31, 1969. Innien, the oldest district, was mentioned as early as 1128. A “Daso von Ennige” is historically named as the founder of Innia, which is said to have built a monastery on the site of Innia around 1100. The Bünzer Mühle was a church mill at that time and was only allowed to be used by farmers in the Kirchenland. Others had to bring their grain to a royal mill in Springhoe near Lockstedt via the Lübsche Trade .
The "History of the Aukrugs" has already been written down several times in the book of the same name. The first edition was commissioned in 1907 and appeared in 1913; the author was Georg Reimer . The Aukruger Chronik is one of the oldest printed village chronicles in Schleswig-Holstein. New editions appeared in 1959 (revised new edition), 1978 (edition from 1959 with continuation) and 1995 (additions and supplements).
Origin of the place names
Innien means settlement of Ano , Bünzen (formerly Buntzinge ) the settlement of Buniko , Böken comes from the beech tree , Georg Reimer interprets Bargfeld as a mountainous field and Homfeld as a field in the forest .
Old ways and streets
Probably because of its central location, several historical paths and streets went through Aukrug. Not all names are firmly defined street names, but a network of roads running side by side, three of which ran through the Aukrug villages:
- the Lübsche Trade , an old trade route from Lübeck to Dithmarschen
- the transit route , as the main connection from Altona to the Eider Canal . From 1828 he was for the general public without Wegzoll released, and large ox pastures of Jutland use the new shorter distance from Rendsburg to Hamburg as an alternative to the historic Ox Road .
- Today's L121 was part of the important highway from Kiel to Itzehoe and later the connection from Kiel to Glückstadt.
Prehistory and early history
The area in which the community of Aukrug is located - it is also called the Nortorfer Aukrug - was inhabited from ancient times. Numerous finds of tools and weapons, as well as urn cemeteries and barrows, bear witness to the fact that people lived in this landscape more than 2000 years ago. We do not know whether the groups of people from prehistoric times settled permanently in the Aukruger area or were just “passing through”. Many questions relating to this ancient time cannot be answered because finds are often not reported or recognized.
Prehistoric and early historical events in the Aukruger area are difficult or impossible to reconstruct. Although there is no direct evidence of permanent settlement, one can indirectly infer continuous settlement for the period from our era up to around the year 800 through research on the place and field names.
There is no evidence that the Romans reached this part of Holstein, not even at the time of the greatest expansion of the Roman Empire in AD 117 under Emperor Trajan , when areas between the respective lower reaches of the Weser and Elbe were controlled by the Romans , whereby the very wide Elbe represented an obstacle to the north. It was also repeatedly pointed out in the historical texts of that time that the tribes of Holstein living there were "well protected by impenetrable forests".
At the beginning of the written tradition there was a murder, maybe just a "manslaughter". Guilty: a certain Daso, whose domicile is believed to have been Innia.
middle Ages
From what is known today as the “ dark age ”, the time of transition from antiquity to the early Middle Ages, there are hardly any local historical reports for the area in Mittelholstein either.
From 811 to 1864, i.e. for more than 1000 years, the river Eider corresponded in its early natural course (since 1895 in the eastern area largely united with the Kiel Canal ) and, as an extension, the Levensau north of Kiel (mostly in the Eider Canal built between 1776 and 1784 , the southern border of the Danish state. During this long period, Schleswig, north of the Eider, was always considered to be Danish. The southern part of Holstein , which extends to the Elbe and to which the Aukrugdörfer belong, was, however, exposed to multiple fragmentation and frequently changing rulers due to warlike events and inheritance. Basically, a distinction is made for Holstein between the German period 811–1460 and the Danish period 1460–1864, then again German.
In 1280 Rendsburg received city rights, while other sources speak of city rights as early as 1239. In fact, the town charter was again in 1339 by Count Gerhard III. confirmed that Rendsburg also granted extensive lands. Rendsburg is still the district town for Aukrug today.
The early medieval Bori castle is located in Bünzen on the sports field . The plant belongs to the so-called moths , which were increasingly created from the 12th century. If you stand in front of the so-called Bünzer Castle today, all you can see is the mound of earth that has survived the centuries in astonishingly good shape. The date of construction of the castle is unknown. A Buntzinge family is usually named as the lord of the castle, and is documented in 1351 for Bünzen.
The battle of Bünzen under the leadership of Gerhard the Great against the Dithmarschers is said to have been on July 17, 1317. The chronicler Presbyter Bremensis reported about this a hundred years later. Today's historians, however, doubt the truth of the account of a battle of the Dithmarian Mountains .
In 1460 it was agreed in the Treaty of Ripen that the Danish King Christian I , who came from the House of Oldenburg, was elected Duke of Schleswig and Count of Holstein "out of favor to himself". This was the first time that Schleswig and Holstein were connected to one another and to Denmark as a personal union. In 1474 the former county of Holstein becomes a duchy.
Modern times
1500 to 1699
In 1542 the Danish King Christian III. based on the new church order by Johannes Bugenhagen, the Reformation in Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein, with which the Nortorf Church also became Protestant . 1594 is considered to be the guaranteed founding year of the Bünzer watermill . But it is probably much older.
In 1626 Denmark intervened for the first time in the fighting in the Thirty Years' War, which had been going on since 1618 . Until then, Schleswig and Holstein had been spared, but suffered as much as in all of the surrounding lands and states. Beginning with Wallenstein in the period 1627–1629, the residents of the Aukrugdörfer suffered from the seizure of animals and supplies as well as the lengthy billeting of the troops.
Rendsburg was also occupied by Swedish troops from 1644 to 1645 . Only shortly beforehand, from 1627 to 1629, had the city been under Imperial German rule. Something similar happened in Itzehoe , which was billeted and plundered several times, but suffered no major structural damage, as the town council had handed over the town to General Wallenstein as early as 1627 without a fight.
1700 to 1799
In 1713 the Swedes, Saxons and Russians invaded Holstein, and billeting, looting and high war taxes presumably left the Aukruger in complete poverty. Only in the extended period of peacetime from 1720 did the residents of the Aukrug villages slowly improve. In 1724 the hoof , on which the Dat ole Hus Museum is located, was first listed in the official accounts. The property had the right to run a pub and a distillery. During this “royal time”, the so-called coupling was carried out in Holstein from 1779 to 1787 , in the course of which narrow pieces of land that had previously been difficult to manage were exchanged and “coupled” by individual farmers and then framed and delimited with earthen walls (“knicks”) . During this time the kinked landscape so typical of this region was created .
1800 to 1849
On August 2, 1803, the district of Bünzen was largely destroyed by a major fire after a beggar had thrown glowing coals on the Hilgen (holy image) in Holm's house. Only the road to Kloster north of the Bünzau was spared . In 1804, after the fire, the cottage was rebuilt, which today houses the local history museum and museum café Dat ole Hus .
From 1810 onwards there were worse times for Aukrug. The Danish king had been allied with Napoleon France, who ruled large parts of Europe, since 1807 , and after he was defeated in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 , troops of the victorious Swedes and Russians invaded the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, which belong to the Danish state. The parishes of Nortorf and Hohenwestedt were also visited by Cossacks in 1813-14 . a. used the Nortorf Church as a prisoner of war camp. The subsequent national bankruptcy of Denmark was also felt by Schleswig-Holstein, and it was not until around 1830 that the Aukrug experienced an economic recovery. When cholera spread throughout the country in 1831, cholera cemeteries were set up in many places. The one for Innia was located in the Filo forest on today's municipal boundary with Mörel . It was never used because the disease did not break out in the aukrug.
In 1835, Hans Rathjen in Böken received a concession for a brickworks on the Rüm, which produced 50,000 masonry bricks and 10,000 bleaching bricks in the first year . In 1839 it produced 150,000 stones with four workers. It existed until 1864.
Around 1830, the national idea found its way into Schleswig-Holstein, and in 1848 the Schleswig-Holsteiners rose against the rule of the Danish king, with which they had been satisfied for almost 400 years. The uprising ended in 1850 with the defeat in the Battle of Idstedt . The duchies remained in the Danish state association until 1864.
In 1848 the Schleswig-Holstein survey took place . The reason was the Schleswig-Holstein question about the national affiliation of the Duchy of Schleswig. The German Schleswig-Holsteiners invoked the Treaty of Ripen and the connection between Schleswig and Holstein, while the Danish National Liberals invoked the connection between Schleswig and Denmark and the Eider border. Federal troops fought against the Danish troops under Prussian command.
1850 to 1899
On July 2, 1850, the Peace of Berlin was finally concluded between the German Confederation and Denmark. A soldier from the Aukrug villages, Joachim Muxfeldt from Innien, died on October 4, 1850 in Friedrichstadt in the riot.
1864 was a crucial year for Aukrug when the German-Danish War took place from February 1st to October 30th . It was the military conflict about Schleswig-Holstein, but above all about the Duchy of Schleswig, between the German Confederation, u. a. with Prussia and Austria on one side and the Kingdom of Denmark on the other. The most famous events were the abandonment of the Danewerks on the part of the Danes, which had been established over a period of more than 500 years and had protected Denmark from attacks from the south for more than 1,300 years, as well as the naval battle of Heligoland , in which the Danes the Had the upper hand. Another outstanding event of the war was the storming of the Düppeler Schanzen on April 18, 1864. The war from which the Germans emerged victorious is also considered the first of the three wars of unification . In the Franco-German War 1870-71 died four veterans from Aukrug. Their names are on the memorial stone at the St. Martin Church in Nortorf .
In 1881 a post office was opened in Innien . In 1876 the Westholsteinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft was granted the concession to build a single-track, 63 km long line from Neumünster to Heide . On August 22, 1877, the first section of the "Westbahn" was put into operation, and Aukrug received its own station along the line, which still exists today and is regularly served. On July 1, 1890, the railway was nationalized and became part of the Prussian State Railway . From December 1892 the line to Heide could be continued, as the Grünentaler high bridge over the Kiel Canal, which was under construction, was completed. As early as November 1883, an extension of a branch line from Heide to Büsum was put into operation. Steam locomotives were used on the line until the early 1960s.
1900 to 1913
The power station in Innien was built in 1908 and supplied the Aukrug villages with direct current. In the same year the post office was built and the agency was converted into an independent post office . For the development of the postal system in Aukrug see: Postal history of Aukrug .
1914 to 1938
In the First World War (1914-1918) 45 soldiers lost their lives in Aukrug.
1939 to 1949
In the Second World War (1939-1945) 95 soldiers were killed in Aukrug. Memorial stones were placed next to the church, which name all the fallen.
In the first years after the Second World War, in the course of the huge influx of refugees and displaced persons from the east, the Aukrugdörfer also took in a large number of these people, partly because of official admissions, but mostly on a voluntary basis, which increases the population of the place doubled from 1,758 people (1939) to 3,679 (1946). With 33% of the resident population, Schleswig-Holstein had the highest proportion of refugees of all three western occupation zones.
1950 to 1969
From July 27, 1963 to December 21, 1964, land consolidation was initiated in the five Aukrug villages on an area of around 4650 hectares. The expansion of the farm roads and receiving waters as well as the new ownership allocation took place in the years 1964 to 1971. The average management unit was increased from four to six hectares due to the land consolidation. Five farms were relocated as part of the village renewal process. The total cost of the measures was 7.5 million German marks .
In the 1960s there were first considerations to merge the five municipalities of the then Innien office into one municipality with one administration. Heinz-Wilhelm Fölster, a former member of the district and state parliament from Aukrug-Bargfeld, made a significant contribution to this idea . The name "Aukrug", which had become known through Georg Reimer's village chronicle The History of Aukrugs , had already been used more and more in joint projects by the five villages and was now used by the spokesmen of the association. The reorganization of offices planned by the state of Schleswig-Holstein in 1968 brought movement to the process of merging villages. On April 22, 1968 the local council of Innien applied for the support of the district and the interior ministry for the merger of the Aukrugdörfer to form an unofficial community. A working committee was formed to deal with the practical questions of the merger, which consisted of the mayors at the time, their deputies and two other municipal representatives from Innia. On May 8, 1968, at a meeting of the official committee, a draft contract was drawn up, which regulated the terms of the merger and which later became the basis of the unification contract.
On July 2, 1968, the contract for the establishment of the community of Aukrug was signed by the authorized community representatives and the state government, which came into force on December 31, 1969. The new community was supposed to become vacant, but had too few inhabitants. Therefore, the community formed the Aukrug with the communities of the then Office Wasbek to June 1, 1970 Office Aukrug .
1970 to 1999
The snow catastrophe in northern Germany in 1978 and again in February 1979, when all of Schleswig-Holstein was badly affected and all traffic came to a standstill for days and weeks, Aukrug went off fairly lightly , despite the disaster alarm from February 13, 1979.
21st century
Since January 1, 2012, the municipality has belonged to the Mittelholstein office , which was formed from the municipalities of the previous offices of Aukrug, Hanerau-Hademarschen and Hohenwestedt-Land and the municipality of Hohenwestedt . In June 2018, the Aukrug parish celebrated its 125th anniversary.
Sources and literature
- Georg Reimer: The History of the Aukrugs. Published by Heinrich Bünger, 3rd expanded edition, Möller Söhne Verlag, Rendsburg 1978.
- Georg Reimer: Parish Innien with Bucken and Meezen. In: Jürgen Kleen, Georg Reimer, Paul von Hedemann-Heespen (Ed.): Heimatbuch des Kreis Rendsburg. Möller, Rendsburg 1922, pp. 499-516.
- Ecumenical yearbook. Edited by Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze , Max Niehans Verlag, Zurich 1939.
- Heinrich Asmus, Werner Hauschildt, Peter Höhne: Update of "The History of the Aukrugs" from 1978 and supplements. August 1995.
- Waldemar Jury Moritz: It started with murder. Commemorative publication on the occasion of the 850th anniversary in 1978.
- GenWiki : Topography Holstein 1841.
- Wikisource : von Aspern: Contributions to the ancient history of Holstein. 1st issue. Hamburg 1843.
- Karl Müllenhoff : Legends, fairy tales and songs of the duchies of Schleswig Holstein and Lauenburg. 1845.
- Gustav Fr. Meyer: Schleswig-Holstein legends. Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1929.
- Fritz Drescher: The district of Rendsburg. Schleswig-Holstein Publishing House Heinrich Möller Sons, Rendsburg 1931.
- Schleswig-Holstein / Germany in the picture. Volume 8. Verlag Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1962.
- Hansjoachim W. Koch: History of Prussia. Paul List Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich 1981.
- 1000 destinations in Schleswig-Holstein. Peter Dreves KG Verlag & Redaktion, Kiel / Rendsburg 1990.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Reimer: The story of the Aukrugs. 1978, p. 21.
- ↑ Daso de Ennigge, the peasant knight
- ↑ It started with murder . aukrug.de. Archived from the original on September 24, 2008. Retrieved July 24, 2011.