List of prisoners in the Dachau concentration camp

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prisoners at Work (1938)

The SS imprisoned over 200,000 prisoners in the Dachau concentration camp . They came from more than 30 states. The International Tracing Service documents 31,591 deceased prisoners . 2000 more victims are considered safe due to the outbreak of a typhus epidemic in early 1945 and the subsequent evacuation marches.

There were many publicly known people among the prisoners. The first transport sent by Austria on April 1, 1938 was derisively called Prominententransport . The names of the celebrities ranged from local politicians to journalists, entrepreneurs, officers, lawyers and members of the Reichstag from all parties. Numerous publishers of newspapers and magazines can be found on the prisoner list, as are well-known writers, actors and artists. Other professions that were influential in the media were also affected: musicians, composers, lawyers and clergymen of various denominations.

The Dachau concentration camp was also a kind of transit camp towards the end of the war, before it was liberated .

Function prisoners

Functional prisoners were those prisoners who were appointed by the SS as overseers in barracks or during work assignments. Without them, the SS could have organized the camp much less effectively. Depending on the area and work detail, their positions were differently influential. They were always in a difficult position in the hierarchy between the normal work prisoners and the SS commanders. Some of them were:

  • Fritz Becher , block elder in the pastor's block
  • František Bláha , inmate doctor, assigned to dissection, corpse bearer
  • Heinz Eschen (1909–1938), Kapo of the Jewish bloc, youthful KPD supporter, died in 1938 after having been punished with nine hours of “tree hanging” for setting up a Marxist discussion group.
  • Robert Feix , chemist, therefore assistant to Rascher ( Polygal )
  • Hugo Gutmann, block elder in the access block
  • Josef Heiden , Kapo in the infirmary, released from concentration camp imprisonment in 1941, joined the Waffen SS
  • Karl Kapp , camp elder, chief chaplain at the garage construction command
  • Christof Ludwig Knoll , Chief Kapo on the plantation, block elder in the Jewish block
  • Max Kolb, head nurse
  • Emil Mahl , Kapo in the crematorium detail
  • Johan Meansarian, camp elder
  • Oskar Müller , last camp elder
  • Walter Neff , head nurse
  • Eugene Ost , district clerk in the infirmary
  • Rasche, Kapo, command free range
  • Martin Schaferski, camp elder
  • Georg Scherer , first camp elder
  • Josef Spies, head nurse
  • Heinrich Stöhr , head nurse
  • Hugo Sturmann, camp elder, block elder in the Russian block
  • Karl Wagner , camp elder
  • Albert Wernicke
  • Ludwig Wörl , senior nurse in the infirmary (X-ray station)
  • Stanislav Zámečník , nurse in the infirmary
  • Karl Zimmermann , Chief Kapo in the infirmary

Bourgeois politicians

Social democrats

  • Willy Aron , lawyer, died on May 19, 1933 after being mistreated in the Dachau concentration camp, one of the first to die there
  • Stefan Billes , Austrian SPÖ politician
  • Léon Blum , French socialist politician
  • Fritz Brüderlein (1886–1945), SPD politician
  • Heinrich Bussmann , SPD politician and resistance
  • Hans Kurt Eisner , son of the murdered Bavarian Prime Minister Kurt Eisner
  • Edwin Endert, Mayor of Rodach until 1948
  • Josef Felder , member of the Reichstag and later member of the Bundestag
  • Ernst Heilmann
  • Karl Herr, city councilor in Rodach, branch manager of the Coburger Volksblatt, imprisoned from June 30, 1933 to December 14, 1933 and released seriously ill. He died on April 12, 1937 in Rodach.
  • Gustav Höhn, Social Democrat in Rodach
  • Heinrich Jasper , lawyer, social democrat, member of the Landtag and Prime Minister of the Free State of Braunschweig, March 1935 – April 1938 in Dachau, died in Bergen-Belsen, found dead on February 19, 1945
  • Wilhelm Kohlmannslehner, son of the SPD city councilor Josef Kohlmannslehner in Neustadt an der Aisch , from 1933
  • Hermann Lackner , Austrian SPÖ politician
  • Paul Neurath , released in 1939
  • Franz Olah , later Minister of the Interior of Austria, prisoner from 1939 to 1945
  • Alfred Schmieder , Dresden worker functionary, murdered in Dachau concentration camp in 1943
  • Kurt Schumacher , transferred to Flossenbürg concentration camp since July 1935, 1939 and released again since 1940, March 16, 1943, seriously ill
  • Gustav Steinbrecher , SPD politician and former Minister of the State of Brunswick, prisoner from June 1936 to September 1939, transferred to Mauthausen concentration camp , died there on January 30, 1940
  • Otto Thielemann , newspaper editor, SPD politician and member of the state parliament in Brunswick, prisoner in Dachau since July 1936, murdered there on March 17, 1938
  • Johann Winter , imprisoned from October 13, 1938 to November 10, 1941, then released on a trial basis, functionary of the German Social Democratic Party in the CSR

Communists

  • Alfred Andersch , 1933 6 months
  • Rudi Arndt , KJVD , Jew, murdered in Buchenwald
  • Hans Beimler , from April 25, 1933 until his escape on April 8/9. May 1933
  • Heinrich Brenner (1908–1986), KPD, International Brigades and Resistance , imprisoned from May 27, 1944 until liberation in 1945
  • Herbert Cahn , Jewish communist, d. 1972
  • Emil Carlebach since 1937, transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp in 1938
  • Erwin Geschonneck (1906–2008), actor
  • Wilhelm Johann Heisswolf (1906–1945), Nuremberg KPD member, imprisoned from 1933 to 1943, was, according to Willi Eifler, the elder of the access block, employed in the kitchen work detachment and held a key position there
  • Friedrich Jahn (born 1876; died February 12, 1943 in Dachau concentration camp), sentenced to 13 months in prison for communist propaganda in September 1933, arrested again in October 1942 and transferred to Dachau concentration camp
  • Franz Karger , Austrian anti-fascist and resistance fighter, imprisoned from 1941 to 1945 (prisoner number: 32298 Block 2/4)
  • Otto Kohlhofer , as a German communist from 1938 to 1944 in the Dachau concentration camp
  • Yves Lejarre , French resistance fighter and railway worker, died on March 31, 1945 in Dachau
  • Viktor Matejka , imprisoned in 1938, the later Flossenburg relocated
  • Adolf Maislinger since 1942, liberated in 1945
  • Kaspar Müller (* in Baudenbach), KPD member and opponent of the National Socialists in Neustadt an der Aisch , liberated from Mauthausen camp since 1933, 1945
  • Oskar Müller , liberated since 1939, 1945
  • Karl Nolan, murdered in Dachau concentration camp (source, Int.Arolsen archive)
  • Sepp Plieseis , Austrian resistance fighter
  • Josef Pröll, German resistance fighter, also Natzweiler and Buchenwald concentration camps - liberated there, (source, Int. Arolsen archive)
  • Fritz Pröll , German resistance fighter, then Buchenwald concentration camp, Natzweiler concentration camp, Dora concentration camp; there suicide due to expected torture (source, Int. Arolsen archive)
  • Alois Pröll, died after "special treatment" in the Dachau concentration camp (source, Int. Arolsen archive)
  • Josef Römer , resistance fighter
  • Anton Saefkow , anti-fascist and resistance fighter
  • Hans Schaumburg , KPD member since 1921, prisoner from May 15, 1933 and again from December 5, 1934
  • Adolf Scholze , German politician, trade unionist, state functionary of the GDR, resistance fighter against National Socialism
  • Johann Sedlmair (1907–1978), communist resistance fighter
  • Ludwig Soswinski , Austrian communist and resistance fighter
  • Franz Stenzer (1900 - August 22, 1933). Through the Reichstag election in November 1932 , he came from constituency 26 (Franconia) as a member of the KPD parliamentary group in the Reichstag . After taking power, he went underground and continued to work politically there. The Gestapo found his hiding place in Munich; she arrested him on May 30, 1933. After months of interrogation and abuse, Stenzer was shot in the neck by an SS soldier while allegedly attempting to escape .
  • Franz Kempa, (born February 24, 1903) member of the KPD Bytom
  • Fritz Wandel (1898–1956), resistance fighter; as the main speaker one of the leaders of the Mössingen general strike on January 31, 1933; Dachau prisoner 1937-1943 (4½-year after a single sentence), from 1943 to criminal Division 999 fed
  • Nikolaos Zachariadis , ( KKE Secretary General, since 1941, exempted in 1945)
  • John Zieger called Jean Zieger, antifascist and resistance fighters, from 1943 to the Criminal Division 999 confiscated

Writers, journalists and artists

  • Karl Ackermann , German journalist, managed to escape to Switzerland in 1937
  • Raoul Auernheimer (Austrian journalist, lawyer and writer)
  • Tadeusz Borowski (Polish writer), committed suicide on July 3, 1951 in Warsaw
  • Ernst Eisenmayer (Austrian painter and sculptor)
  • Walter Ferber , released in 1942
  • Karl Fränkel (Austrian painter, graphic artist, craftsman and puppeteer), 1939 in a concentration camp, then exile in Great Britain, 1945 return to Austria
  • Fritz Gerlich (German journalist, publisher of “The Straight Path”), from March 9, 1933; † June 30, 1934 in Dachau concentration camp
  • Fritz Grünbaum (Austrian cabaret artist, lyricist, director), from May 24, 1938 to September 23, 1938, transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp; † January 14, 1941 in Dachau concentration camp
  • Jacques Hannak
  • Bruno Heilig
  • Heinrich Eduard Jacob (German-American writer, journalist), from April 1, 1938 to September 23, 1938, transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp
  • Rudolf Kalmar junior
  • Hermann Langbein
  • Fritz Löhner-Beda (Austrian librettist, songwriter and writer), from April 1, 1938 to September 23, 1938; † December 4, 1942 in Auschwitz concentration camp
  • Georg Mannheimer , died April 22, 1942 in Dachau concentration camp
  • Heinrich Eduard Miesen (German journalist and writer)
  • Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen , German writer, † 16./17. February in Dachau concentration camp
  • Maximilian Reich , Austrian sports journalist, was brought to Dachau on April 2, 1938, transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp on September 23, 1938 , and wrote the report of two witnesses mouth with his wife
  • Emil Alphons Rheinhardt , Austrian writer, from July 5, 1944; † February 25, 1945 in Dachau concentration camp
  • Nico Rost (Dutch writer and journalist)
  • Joseph Rovan (Franco-German journalist and historian)
  • Alexander Salkind , Austrian journalist and editor, died September 4, 1940 in Dachau concentration camp
  • Jura Soyfer (Austrian writer) co-author of the Dachau song (with Herbert Zipper)
  • Ubald Tartaruga (until 1920 Edmund Otto Ehrenfreund, Viennese criminal investigator and writer), died in the Dachau concentration camp
  • Julius Zerfaß , 1933–1934, then fled to Switzerland , publication of Dachau - A Chronicle under the pseudonym Walter Hornung (1936; translated several times) in Zurich

Musicians and composers

Resistance fighters

Military

  • Charles Delestraint , French general. Shot in Dachau.
  • Pierre Dincq , (born May 18, 1899), engineer and director, Arendonk (Belgium), lieutenant in the reserve, political prisoner, he died on May 21, 1945 in Dachau.
  • Alexander von Falkenhausen , General of the Infantry
  • Franz Halder , Colonel General
  • Max Lavend 'Homme (born May 14, 1914), imprisoned on February 24, 1943. Max Lavend' Homme died on May 7, 1945, one day before the end of the war and nine days after the camp inmates were liberated by the US Army. He was a member of the “Armée Secrete”, a group of the French Resistance.
  • Enzo Sereni , parachutist and resistance fighter. Murdered in Dachau.
A plaque

Noble

Clergy

→ See: Pastors' block (Dachau concentration camp)

Jehovah's Witnesses

Special inmates and clan prisoners

Other prisoners

literature

  • Edgar Kupfer-Koberwitz : Dachauer diaries. The records of prisoner 24814. With a foreword by Barbara Distel. Kindler Verlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-463-40301-3 .
  • Heinrich Eduard vom Holt : World trip into the heart diary of a doctor , Balduin Pick Verlag, Cologne, 1947
  • Paul Neurath : The Society of Terror. Interior views of the Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camps . Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-518-58397-2
  • Nico Rost , brochure title in German: I was back in Dachau. (In 1955/56, after ten years in Dachau for the first time, he wrote of a "system of deliberate forgetting, of ingratitude to the best of all nations". NL)
  • Joseph Rovan : Contes de Dachau. Julliard, Paris 1987
    • German: Stories from Dachau. Translated by Thomas Dobberkau and Friedrich Griese. DVA , Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-421-06495-4
  • Richard Zahlten (Ed.): The murdered: the memorial plaque of the Archdiocese of Freiburg for the persecuted priests (1933 to 1945) in "Maria Lindenberg", near St. Peter, Black Forest. Paperback. 224 pages. Vöhrenbach: Dold-Verlag, 1998. ISBN 978-3-927677-18-0
  • Stanislav Zámečník : That was Dachau (= Fischer 17228 The time of National Socialism ). Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-17228-3 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archive of the memorial [1]
  2. ↑ Barbara Diestel, Wolfgang Benz: The Dachau Concentration Camp 1933-1945. History and meaning . Ed .: Bavarian State Center for Political Education. Munich 1994 ( map of the main camp in Dachau ( memento of December 4, 2005 in the Internet Archive )). The Dachau Concentration Camp 1933 - 1945. History and significance ( Memento of the original from December 4, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.km.bayern.de
  3. ↑ Helga Pfoertner: Living with history. Vol. 1, Literareron, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-89675-859-4 , p. 94 ( PDF; 1.1 MB ( Memento from April 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ))
  4. ↑ The last camp elder was Oskar Müller (KPD), who later became the Hessian labor minister. Father Johannes Maria Lenz reports that the camp elder managed to send two prisoners to scout the US Army because it was feared that all prisoners would be murdered. The American troops first liberated the camp, one day later they took the state capital of Munich, only a few kilometers away.
  5. ↑ Eugene Ost: "The Malaria Experimental Station in the Dachau Concentration Camp", Dachauer Hefte No. 4, pp. 174-189.
  6. ↑ Lorenz Bauer
  7. ↑ Dachau Archive, DA-7638
  8. ^ Documents from the Dachau East Berlin camp community, Volume 15, "Eifler (complete file)"
  9. ↑ Gerhard Hoffmann: Antifascist Resistance , 1999, p. 37
  10. ↑ Memorial plaque in Senftenberg at the Reichsbahnkulturhaus
  11. ^ Wolfgang Mück: Nazi stronghold in Middle Franconia: The völkisch awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch 1922–1933. Verlag Philipp Schmidt, 2016 (= Streiflichter from home history. Special volume 4); ISBN 978-3-87707-990-4 , p. 274.